Month: December 2022

Hossen, Shafiul Md. published the artcileA Review on Current Repurposing Drugs for the Treatment of COVID-19: Reality and Challenges, Name: 2-((5-Nitrothiazol-2-yl)carbamoyl)phenyl acetate, the main research area is review drug Repurposing safety COVID 19; COVID-19; Chloroquine; Clinical trial; Convalescent plasma; Hydroxychloroquine; Remdesivir.

Abstract: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has become a global pandemic with a high growth rate of confirmed cases. Therefore, therapeutic options are desperately urgent to fight with this damning virus. As it may take years to develop a specific therapy of COVID-19, it is urgent to emphasize the repurposing of drugs used for other conditions. This study reviewed the most common drugs for COVID-19 based on available online literature representing the latest in vitro clin. trial database, rational of use, adverse effects, potential toxicities, and US National Institute of Health (NIH) recommendation to use for COVID-19. Based on the preliminary data from clin. trials and considering the NIH and FDA recommendation, remdesivir and convalescent blood products are the most promising potential for COVID-19 treatment. The use of chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, favipiravir, ivermectin, and colchicine might also be effective. However, furthermore, in vivo investigations are needed in detail individually and in combination for possible benefits in humans. Besides, tocilizumab might be deemed as adjunctive therapy for patients with cytokine release syndrome. However, lopinavir-ritonavir, anakinra, and sarilumab had not proven their clin. efficacy. Eventually, sarilumab has been withdrawn from sponsored clin. trials based on the preliminary data. Baricitinib and ruxolitinib have the additive immunosuppressive effect. Consequently, all of these drugs are being evaluated with further studies. In addition, drug-drug interaction and safety concerns must be taken into account before the administration of the recommended drugs.

SN Comprehensive Clinical Medicine published new progress about Convalescent plasma. 55981-09-4 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is 2-((5-Nitrothiazol-2-yl)carbamoyl)phenyl acetate, and the molecular formula is C12H9N3O5S, Name: 2-((5-Nitrothiazol-2-yl)carbamoyl)phenyl acetate.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Dinh, Le N. M. published the artcileMiniemulsion polymerization using carboxylated graphene quantum dots as surfactants: effects of monomer and initiator type, Computed Properties of 142-90-5, the main research area is carboxylated graphene quantum dot surfactant vinyl monomer miniemulsion polymerization.

Graphene quantum dots (GQDs) are building blocks of emerging interest for fabrication of polymeric nanocomposite materials with a range of potential applications. In the present work, we have conducted a detailed investigation into the use of carboxylated GQDs as surfactants in aqueous miniemulsion polymerization The cGQDs were prepared by carbonization of dextrose according to a bottom-up hydrothermal approach. It is demonstrated that cGQDs can satisfactorily stabilize miniemulsions of a variety of vinyl monomers including styrene, acrylates and methacrylates. The nature of the initiation system plays a pivotal role in regards to monomer conversion – the water soluble initiator 2,2′-azobis[2-(2-imidazolin-2-yl)propane]dihydrochloride (VA-044) resulted in substantially higher conversions than the oil soluble initiator azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN). The present results illustrate that these cGQDs have the ability to function as surfactants in miniemulsion polymerization for various vinyl monomer types, which has implications for hybrid nanocomposite nanoparticles and materials synthesis.

Polymer Chemistry published new progress about Colloidal stability. 142-90-5 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Dodecyl 2-methylacrylate, and the molecular formula is C16H30O2, Computed Properties of 142-90-5.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Lekkala, Chinnari published the artcileCopper-Catalyzed One-Pot Synthesis of 2,5-Disubstituted 1,3,4-Oxadiazoles from Arylacetic Acids and Hydrazides via Dual Oxidation, Recommanded Product: Methyl octanoate, the main research area is arylacetic acid hydrazide cuprous chloride catalyst oxidative decarboxylation heterocyclization; phenyl oxadiazole preparation.

A simple and efficient protocol was developed to access sym. and unsym. 2,5-disubstituted 1,3,4-oxadiazoles from arylacetic acids and hydrazides via copper-catalyzed dual oxidation under an oxygen atm. Oxidative decarboxylation of arylacetic acids and oxidative functionalization of the imine C-H bond were the key steps. This was the first example of the synthesis of 2,5-disubstituted 1,3,4-oxadiazoles through dual oxidation in one-pot. Avoidance of the expensive ligand and high yield of the products were advantageous features of the developed method.

ACS Omega published new progress about C-H bond activation. 111-11-5 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Methyl octanoate, and the molecular formula is C9H18O2, Recommanded Product: Methyl octanoate.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Van Wyk, Niel published the artcileAssessing the oenological potential of Nakazawaea ishiwadae, Candida railenensis and Debaryomyces hansenii strains in mixed-culture grape must fermentation with Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Recommanded Product: Ethyl octanoate, the main research area is non Saccharomyces yeast Nakazawaea ishiwadae mixed culture fermentation wine.

Recently, there has been a growing interest in the role of non-Saccharomyces yeast (NSY) as a coculturing partner with Saccharomyces cerevisiae during grape must fermentation We investigated three new strains, namely Nakazawaea ishiwadae, Candida railenensis and Debaryomyces hansenii, for their oenol. potential in mixed-culture micro-vinifications with S. cerevisiae Vin13 using Muscaris grape must. None of the NSY strains impeded the fermentation performance as all the mixed-culture experiments finished at the same time. Coculturing with N. ishiwadae yielded significantly higher concentrations of Et and acetate esters in the final wine product. Apart from higher acetic acid levels, wines produced with C. railenensis and D. hansenii yielded much lower esters concentrations The concentrations of certain terpenes and norisoprenoids were also significantly modulated in the mixed-culture fermentations This study reveals the rarely reported species of N. ishiwadae as a promising coculturing partner for increasing aroma-active compounds in a wine.

Fermentation published new progress about Candida railenensis. 106-32-1 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Ethyl octanoate, and the molecular formula is C10H20O2, Recommanded Product: Ethyl octanoate.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Lee, S.-B. published the artcileEffect of inoculation strategy of non-Saccharomyces yeasts on fermentation characteristics and volatile higher alcohols and esters in Campbell Early wines, Product Details of C10H20O2, the main research area is Campbell grape wine aroma non Saccharomyces yeat fermentation analysis.

Background and Aims : Wine made from the Campbell Early grape cultivar has less flavor than wine made from European grape cultivars. The aim of this study was to investigate the individual fermentation characteristics of several non-Saccharomyces yeasts for improving the aroma of Campbell Early wine. Methods and Results : Nine species of non-Saccharomyces yeasts were used as wine starters in single or co-fermentation with Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Several fermentation characteristics and physiol. properties were investigated. Volatile higher alc. and ester compounds were also analyzed by GC/MS and by principal component anal. Single-fermented wines showed different fermentation kinetics, whereas co-fermented wines showed similar, but slightly different, fermentation kinetics depending on their ethanol tolerance. Principal component anal. indicated that the composition of both volatile higher alcs. and esters was distinguishable between single and co-fermented wines, but volatile esters in co-fermented wines were more widely distributed compared to that in single fermented wines. Conclusions : The fermentation kinetics of each strain was different. Volatile esters were more affected by co-fermentation than volatile higher alcs., which were produced during the early phase of fermentation Moreover, interactions among the various volatile aromatic compounds affected the final wine aroma. Significance of the Study : These findings could provide valuable information to researchers and winemakers on the enhancement of wine aroma using non-Saccharomyces yeasts.

Australian Journal of Grape and Wine Research published new progress about Candida quercitrusa. 106-32-1 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Ethyl octanoate, and the molecular formula is C10H20O2, Product Details of C10H20O2.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Xiao, Zuobing published the artcileCharacterization of the key aroma compounds in three world-famous black teas, Quality Control of 140-11-4, the main research area is hexanal 3methylbutanal betamyrcene black tea aroma compound.

The volatile compounds of three world-famous black teas (Darjeeling, DJL, Keemun, KM, and Ceylon, CL) were extracted by stir bar sorptive extraction (SBSE), and analyzed by gas chromatog.-olfactometry (GC-O), gas chromatog.-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The results indicated that 78, 76, and 69 volatile compounds were detected in the three tea infusions. And 9 sulfur compounds in black teas were identified by gas chromatog.-flame photometric detection (GC-FPD). In addition, a total of 42 aroma compounds were perceived and 38 compounds were identified as important aroma compounds due to their high odor activity values (OAVs), such as 3-methylbutanal (OAV: 24-82), linalool (OAV: 24-64), geraniol (OAV: 2-97), β-ionone (OAV: 54-122), and cis-jasmone (OAV: 2-119). According to the results of aroma recombination and omission experiments, 2-methylbutanal, linalool, Me salicylate and β-cyclocitral were confirmed to be the key aroma compounds in Darjeeling black tea, 3-methylbutanal, hexanal, β-myrcene, and Me salicylate were the key aroma compounds in Keemun, while β-ionone, linalool, 2-methylbutanal, and salicylaldehyde were the key aroma compounds in Ceylon black tea.

European Food Research and Technology published new progress about Black tea beverages. 140-11-4 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Benzyl acetate, and the molecular formula is C9H10O2, Quality Control of 140-11-4.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Qi, Dandan published the artcileCharacterization of the volatile compounds profile of the innovative broken oolong-black tea in comparison with broken oolong and broken black tea, Formula: C9H10O2, the main research area is volatile compound oolong black tea.

Broken oolong-black tea is an innovative tea in China produced by applying characteristic manufacture crafts of broken oolong tea (bruising) and broken black tea (fermentation) on the manufacture of tea and it has both aroma features of broken oolong tea and broken black tea. The aim of this study is to investigate the differences of the volatile compounds among broken oolong-black, broken oolong and broken black tea made by Huangzhixiang (HZX) and Huangdan (HD) varieties by gas chromatog.-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) combined with chemometirc anal. The results suggested significant differences on both aroma quality and volatile compounds profile of three kinds of tea. Chemometric anal. showed that 47 and 52 differential volatile compounds were identified to distinguish three kinds of teas made by HZX and HD, resp., and the differences of volatile compounds among the tea samples were mostly quant. rather than qual. Besides, compounds with floral and fruity aroma increased in broken oolong-black tea compared with the others, while compounds with green aroma decreased in broken oolong-black tea. Quant. descriptive anal. of the aroma showed that sweet aroma was a new trait of broken oolong-black tea compared with broken oolong tea while green aroma disappeared compared with broken black tea. Our results provide the theor. and practical meaning for the application of two characteristic crafts from different tea manufacture on the innovation of tea manufacture

Food Control published new progress about Black tea beverages. 140-11-4 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Benzyl acetate, and the molecular formula is C9H10O2, Formula: C9H10O2.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Zhou, Guang-Jie published the artcileAccidental Spill of Palm Stearin Poses Relatively Short-Term Ecological Risks to a Tropical Coastal Marine Ecosystem, Product Details of C23H46O2, the main research area is palm stearin spill seawater pollution marine ecosystem risk assessment.

In early August 2017, a serious palm stearin pollution accident occurred in the Pearl River Estuary, South China. While there were already several palm oil related spills around the world, ecol. effects and risks of such accidents to coastal marine environments remain largely unknown. In this study, the authors found that all seawater and sediment samples collected from six coastal sites were heavily contaminated by palm stearin within one week of the accident, and their levels significantly decreased to pre-accident levels after four months. Waterborne exposure to palm stearin resulted in growth inhibition to four microalgal species (range of EC50: 9.9-212.6 mg/L) and acute mortality to four invertebrate species (range of LC50: 4.6-409.3 mg/L), while adverse chronic effects of palm stearin on the survival, development and fecundity of Tigriopus japonicus, and on the growth of Oryzias melastigma were observed Based on these results, its interim predicted no effect concentration was determined as 0.141 mg/L. The hazard quotient of palm stearin greatly exceeded one in all sites in August 2017 but returned to be <1 at four sites and <2 at the other two sites in Nov. 2017, indicating that its ecol. risk was relatively transient and short-term. Environmental Science & Technology published new progress about Artemia franciscana. 929-77-1 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Methyl docosanoate, and the molecular formula is C23H46O2, Product Details of C23H46O2.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Zhou, Guang-Jie published the artcileAccidental Spill of Palm Stearin Poses Relatively Short-Term Ecological Risks to a Tropical Coastal Marine Ecosystem, Related Products of esters-buliding-blocks, the main research area is palm stearin spill seawater pollution marine ecosystem risk assessment.

In early August 2017, a serious palm stearin pollution accident occurred in the Pearl River Estuary, South China. While there were already several palm oil related spills around the world, ecol. effects and risks of such accidents to coastal marine environments remain largely unknown. In this study, the authors found that all seawater and sediment samples collected from six coastal sites were heavily contaminated by palm stearin within one week of the accident, and their levels significantly decreased to pre-accident levels after four months. Waterborne exposure to palm stearin resulted in growth inhibition to four microalgal species (range of EC50: 9.9-212.6 mg/L) and acute mortality to four invertebrate species (range of LC50: 4.6-409.3 mg/L), while adverse chronic effects of palm stearin on the survival, development and fecundity of Tigriopus japonicus, and on the growth of Oryzias melastigma were observed Based on these results, its interim predicted no effect concentration was determined as 0.141 mg/L. The hazard quotient of palm stearin greatly exceeded one in all sites in August 2017 but returned to be <1 at four sites and <2 at the other two sites in Nov. 2017, indicating that its ecol. risk was relatively transient and short-term. Environmental Science & Technology published new progress about Artemia franciscana. 110-42-9 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Methyl decanoate, and the molecular formula is C11H22O2, Related Products of esters-buliding-blocks.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Nogueira, Patricia Franklin Mayrink published the artcileThe aspect ratio of gold nanorods as a cytotoxicity factor on Raphidocelis subcaptata, Application of 2′,7′-Dichloro-3-oxo-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthene]-3′,6′-diyl diacetate, the main research area is gold nanorods cytotoxicity factor Raphidocelis subcaptata; Aspect ratio; Cytotoxicity; Gold nanorods; Oxidative stress; Raphidocelis subcaptata.

Gold nanorods (AuNRs) are promising nanoscale materials for several technol. and biomedical applications. The physicochem. properties of AuNRs, including size, shape and surface features, are crucial factors affecting their cytotoxicity. In this study, we investigated the effects of different aspect ratios of AuNRs (1.90, 2.35, 3.25 and 3.50) at concentrations of 2 and 10μg mL-1 on their cytotoxicity and cellular uptake in green algae Raphidocelis subcaptata. The experiment was performed in oligotrophic freshwater medium in a growth chamber with constant agitation of 80 rpm under controlled conditions (120μEm-2s-1 illumination; 12:12h light dark cycle and constant temperature of 22 ± 2°C). The algal growth was monitored daily for 96 h via electronic absorbance scanning at 600-750 nm. Oxidative stress, cell viability and autofluorescence were evaluated using a flow cytometer. Oxidative stress quantified by loading cultures with the fluorescent dye 2′, 7′-dichlorofluorescein diacetate. To assess algal cell viability, propidium iodide was selected as the fluorescent probe. Our results indicated that the aspect ratio of AuNRs mediates their biol. effects in green algae R. subcaptata. A pos. correlation between oxidative stress and increase of aspect ratio was found at concentration of 10μg mL-1. Higher cytotoxicity and mortality were observed for algae incubated with higher aspect ratios AuNRs (3.50).

Environmental Research published new progress about Aquatic environment. 2044-85-1 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is 2′,7′-Dichloro-3-oxo-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthene]-3′,6′-diyl diacetate, and the molecular formula is C24H14Cl2O7, Application of 2′,7′-Dichloro-3-oxo-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthene]-3′,6′-diyl diacetate.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics