Month: December 2022

Zhang, Xiaoyuan published the artcileHigh-Temperature Pyrolysis and Combustion of C5-C19 Fatty Acid Methyl Esters (FAMEs): A Lumped Kinetic Modeling Study, COA of Formula: C9H18O2, the main research area is pyrolysis combustion fatty acid methyl ester lumped kinetic model.

In the effort to mitigate the depletion of fossil fuels and climate change, biodiesels are considered to be one of the most suitable substitutes for petro-diesel in compression ignition engine applications. As a follow up to prior modeling studies for gasoline and jet surrogate fuel components (Zhang, X.; Mani Sarathy, S. Fuel, 2021, 286, 119361), this work proposes a lumped kinetic model for both saturated and unsaturated C5-C19 fatty acid Me esters (FAMEs) based on the same methodol. The present lumped model includes 52 FAME fuel components, covering a wide range of biodiesel surrogate fuel components, as well as components typically found in biodiesels. This methodol. decouples the combustion of FAME fuels into two stages: the pyrolysis of fuel mols. and the oxidation of pyrolysis intermediates. Lumped reaction steps are used to describe the (oxidative) pyrolysis of each fuel mol., while a detailed model (Aramcomech 2.0) is adopted as the base mechanism to describe the subsequent conversion of these key intermediates. Rate rules adopted for all the FAME fuels are consistent. The present lumped model is validated against exptl. data from 20 pure FAMEs and six diesel/biodiesel surrogates, including around 130 sets of validation data. In general, the present lumped model satisfactorily captures most of these validation targets. This lumped model performs comparably with the detailed models developed in the literature under combustion conditions. Combined with the lumped model for 50 hydrocarbon fuels developed in previous work by this group, the lumped kinetic model for FAME fuels developed here can be used to predict the pyrolysis and combustion chem. of diesel/biodiesel surrogates in CFD simulations after necessary model reduction for the base model. Also, the stoichiometric parameters of the lumped reactions for various pure FAMEs can be used as the database for data science study in FGMech development for real biodiesels.

Energy & Fuels published new progress about Biodiesel fuel. 111-11-5 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Methyl octanoate, and the molecular formula is C9H18O2, COA of Formula: C9H18O2.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Yilmaz, Nadir published the artcileFormation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and regulated emissions from biodiesel and n-butanol blends containing water, Synthetic Route of 929-77-1, the main research area is polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon emission biodiesel engine butanol water blend; Diesel engine; Higher alcohol; Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; Renewable fuel; Toxicity.

To increase the use of biofuels in diesel engines and reduce harmful emissions emitted from diesel fuel, biodiesel and higher alcs. are fuel sources at the forefront of research. The aim of this study is to understand the effect of water-containing n-butanol-biodiesel blends on regulated emissions, emphasizing nitrogen oxides (NOx) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), which are harmful for the environment and engine durability. 10% n-butanol (B90Bu10) and 10% n-butanol-1% water (B89Bu10W1) were blended with 89% waste-oil biodiesel and tested in a diesel engine at four engine loads at a constant engine speed. PAH samples were analyzed using gas chromatog.-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Results showed B100, B90Bu10 and B89Bu10W1 blends increased break specific fuel consumption (BSFC), exhaust gas temperatures (EGT), carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrocarbon (HC) emissions. However, NOx emissions significantly decreased using butanol and butanol-water blends. Compared to diesel, biodiesel and blended fuels significantly reduced total PAHs and PAH toxicity up to 75.0%. However, B89Bu10W1 increased total PAH and PAH toxicity by 35.7%. Overall, the biodiesel-butanol blend, which emits less carcinogenic pollutants and low-cyclic PAHs than water-containing fuel, was found to reduce the risk of wetstacking in diesel engines operating under low loads.

Journal of Hazardous Materials published new progress about Biodiesel fuel. 929-77-1 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Methyl docosanoate, and the molecular formula is C23H46O2, Synthetic Route of 929-77-1.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Li, Han published the artcileTowards developing high-fidelity yet compact skeletal mechanisms: An effective, efficient and expertise-free strategy for systematic mechanism reduction, SDS of cas: 110-42-9, the main research area is dodecane skeletal mechanism combustion computational fluid dynamics.

This study explored the potential of integrating reduction methods with different features for systematic mechanism reduction Based on our two recently developed/optimized reduction methods, sensitivity anal. method and unimportant reaction elimination, a generalized strategy for systematic reduction of large detailed mechanisms was proposed. This strategy was firstly used to reduce the detailed mechanism for n-dodecane containing 2,115 species. A compact skeletal mechanism with 150 species was obtained, and close agreement with the detailed mechanism was achieved. Next, the detailed mechanism for a three-component biodiesel surrogate with 3,299 species was successfully reduced to a skeletal one with 179 species. Extensive validations were performed to show the high fidelity of the obtained skeletal mechanism. After demonstrating the effectiveness and reduction capability of the proposed strategy, its efficient and expertise-free features were elaborated. This strategy not only greatly lowers the threshold for reducing large detailed mechanisms, but also significantly saves the computational cost and human time effort in mechanism reduction process, while exhibiting satisfactory reduction capability to generate high-fidelity yet compact skeletal mechanisms.

Chemical Engineering Journal (Amsterdam, Netherlands) published new progress about Biodiesel fuel. 110-42-9 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Methyl decanoate, and the molecular formula is C11H22O2, SDS of cas: 110-42-9.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Soudagar, Manzoore Elahi M. published the artcileEffect of Sr@ZnO nanoparticles and Ricinus communis biodiesel-diesel fuel blends on modified CRDI diesel engine characteristics, Application In Synthesis of 111-11-5, the main research area is strontium zinc oxide nanoparticle Ricinus communis CRDI diesel engine.

The current study aims to evaluate the performance and emission characteristics of a modified common rail direct injection (CRDI) diesel engine fueled by Ricinus communis biodiesel (RCME20), diesel (80%), and their blends with strontium-zinc oxide (Sr@ZnO) nanoparticle additives. The Sr@ZnO nanoparticles were synthesized using aqueous precipitation of zinc acetate dehydrate and strontium nitrate. Several characterization tests were performed to study the morphol. and content of synthesized Sr@ZnO nanoparticles. The Sr@ZnO nanoparticles were steadily blended with RCME20-diesel fuel blend in mass fractions of 30, 60 and 90 ppm using a magnetic stirrer and ultrasonication process. For a long term stability of nanoparticles, Cetyl trimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) surfactant was added. The physicochem. properties of the fuel blends were measured using ASTM standards The CRDI engine was operated at two compression ratios 17.5 and 19.5, 1000 bar injection pressure, 23.5°BTDC injection timing and constant speed. For enhanced swirl and turbulence, and improved spray quality lateral swirl combustion chamber and 6-hole fuel injector were used. The compression ratio of 19.5 and 60 ppm of Sr@ZnO nano-additives showed overall enhancement in engine characteristics compared to RCME20 fuel. The engine characteristics such as BTE, HRR and cylinder pressure increased by 20.83%, 24.35% and 9.55%, and BSFC, ID, CD, smoke, CO, HC and CO2 reduced by 20.07%, 20.64%, 14.5%, 27.90%, 47.63%, 26.81%, and 34.9%, while slight increase in NOx for all nanofuel blends was observed

Energy (Oxford, United Kingdom) published new progress about Biodiesel fuel. 111-11-5 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Methyl octanoate, and the molecular formula is C9H18O2, Application In Synthesis of 111-11-5.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Soudagar, Manzoore Elahi M. published the artcileEffect of Sr@ZnO nanoparticles and Ricinus communis biodiesel-diesel fuel blends on modified CRDI diesel engine characteristics, Category: esters-buliding-blocks, the main research area is strontium zinc oxide nanoparticle Ricinus communis CRDI diesel engine.

The current study aims to evaluate the performance and emission characteristics of a modified common rail direct injection (CRDI) diesel engine fueled by Ricinus communis biodiesel (RCME20), diesel (80%), and their blends with strontium-zinc oxide (Sr@ZnO) nanoparticle additives. The Sr@ZnO nanoparticles were synthesized using aqueous precipitation of zinc acetate dehydrate and strontium nitrate. Several characterization tests were performed to study the morphol. and content of synthesized Sr@ZnO nanoparticles. The Sr@ZnO nanoparticles were steadily blended with RCME20-diesel fuel blend in mass fractions of 30, 60 and 90 ppm using a magnetic stirrer and ultrasonication process. For a long term stability of nanoparticles, Cetyl trimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) surfactant was added. The physicochem. properties of the fuel blends were measured using ASTM standards The CRDI engine was operated at two compression ratios 17.5 and 19.5, 1000 bar injection pressure, 23.5°BTDC injection timing and constant speed. For enhanced swirl and turbulence, and improved spray quality lateral swirl combustion chamber and 6-hole fuel injector were used. The compression ratio of 19.5 and 60 ppm of Sr@ZnO nano-additives showed overall enhancement in engine characteristics compared to RCME20 fuel. The engine characteristics such as BTE, HRR and cylinder pressure increased by 20.83%, 24.35% and 9.55%, and BSFC, ID, CD, smoke, CO, HC and CO2 reduced by 20.07%, 20.64%, 14.5%, 27.90%, 47.63%, 26.81%, and 34.9%, while slight increase in NOx for all nanofuel blends was observed

Energy (Oxford, United Kingdom) published new progress about Biodiesel fuel. 110-42-9 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Methyl decanoate, and the molecular formula is C11H22O2, Category: esters-buliding-blocks.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Li, Ang published the artcileExperimental and Modeling Study on Autoignition of a Biodiesel/n-Heptane Mixture and Related Surrogate in a Heated Rapid Compression Machine, Quality Control of 110-42-9, the main research area is exptl modeling autoignition biodiesel heptane mixture rapid compression.

In this paper, ignition delay time of two kinds of biodiesel, soybean oil Me ester (SME) and waste cooking oil Me ester (WCOME) blended with n-heptane, were measured in a heated rapid compression machine (RCM). To meet the requirement of measuring high boiling fuels like biodiesel, several modifications were applied in RCM platform, which embodied in global preheating, reactant preparation, and gas dilution Along with these methodologies, ignition delay times of SME30 and WCOME30 (30% biodiesel and 70% n-heptane in volume fraction) were measured at 15 bar, within temperature range of 641-772 K. Both biodiesels exhibited typical two-stage ignition characteristics and pronounced neg. temperature coefficient behaviors. To better investigate the ignition process of biodiesel, novel surrogate fuels have been formulated including Me decanoate, n-hexadecane, Me trans-3-hexenoate, and 1,4-hexadiene, according to Chem. Deconstruction Methodol. Autoignition properties of surrogate and target biodiesel were investigated under the same conditions in RCM and good agreements have been found in point-to-point validation experiments, which verified good performance of quaternary surrogate fuels for biodiesel. Furthermore, kinetic models of biodiesel were proposed on the basis of surrogate fuels, which consisted of 4901 species and 18 669 reactions. The novel model has good predictions in ignition delay times in low-to-intermediate temperature regions measured in RCM, and the kinetic model has great potentials in revelation of autoignition mechanisms and in development of CFD applications in internal combustion engines.

Energy & Fuels published new progress about Biodiesel fuel. 110-42-9 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Methyl decanoate, and the molecular formula is C11H22O2, Quality Control of 110-42-9.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Pereira, F. N. published the artcileObtaining a reduced kinetic mechanism for methyl decanoate using layerless neural networks, Product Details of C11H22O2, the main research area is reduced kinetic methyl decanoate layerless neural network.

Major efforts in the search for techniques for the development of reduced kinetic mechanisms for biodiesel were observed, since these mechanisms may have thousands of species. This paper proposes a reduction strategy and presents the development of a reduced kinetic mechanism for piloted jet diffusion flame of Me decanoate (MD). The strategy consists of applying the DRG, Directed Relation Graph, technique for initial reduction, and the use of Layerless Neural Network (LNN) to define the main chain and obtain a skeletal mechanism. Hence the hypotheses of steady-state and partial equilibrium are applied, and the assumptions are justified by an asymptotic anal. The main advantage of the strategy is to reduce the work required to solve the system of chem. equations by at least two orders of magnitude for MD, since the number of species is decreased in the same order.

Fuel published new progress about Biodiesel fuel. 110-42-9 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Methyl decanoate, and the molecular formula is C11H22O2, Product Details of C11H22O2.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Kalu-Uka, Godwin Mong published the artcileProspects for biodiesel production from Macrotermes nigeriensis: Process optimization and characterization of biodiesel properties, Application In Synthesis of 929-77-1, the main research area is biodiesel production macrotermes nigeriensis process optimization.

The use of insects as feedstock for biodiesel production has sparsely been studied and very little is known of the fuel properties and engine performance of insect biodiesel. In this study, biodiesel was initially produced from an insect feedstock M. nigeriensis, then its physicochem. properties were characterized. The biodiesel was produced via the three-step process of lipid extraction, acid esterification (1 wt% H2SO4) and alk. transesterification (0.5 wt% NaOH). The optimal reaction time, temperature and methanol-oil molar ratio for the acid-esterification process resulted in a free fatty acid conversion of 96.58%. The volumetric yield, fatty acid Me esters content and physicochem. properties of M. nigeriensis biodiesel were analyzed using various anal. equipment such as the GC-HRMS, and 1H NMR. Anal. of the production process showed that 86.54 vol% biodiesel was obtained from M. nigeriensis oil. Further anal. showed that the biodiesel contained 96.72% fatty acid Me esters. The composition of the fatty acid Me esters was found to be 48% saturated esters and 52% monosatd. esters. The biodiesel d. (841 kg m-3), viscosity (2.32 mm2 s-1), flash point (125°C), pour point (-15°C), cetane number (51.4), higher heating value (41.8 MJ kg-1) and acid value (0.44 mgKOH.g-1) were in compliance with the ASTM D6751 standards One of the important results to highlight is the remarkably low viscosity of the biodiesel, which is attributed to the high concentration of monounsaturated fatty acid Me esters. Lower viscosity of fuel helps to improve fuel atomization and combustion efficiency, and hence lower emissions. The absence of polyunsaturated fatty acid esters also indicates that the biodiesel will have good oxidation stability.

Biomass and Bioenergy published new progress about Biodiesel fuel. 929-77-1 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Methyl docosanoate, and the molecular formula is C23H46O2, Application In Synthesis of 929-77-1.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Sun, Bin published the artcileSynthesis and evaluation of alkyl methacrylate-norbornene anhydride copolymers with various pendants as pour point depressants for soybean biodiesel-diesel blends, SDS of cas: 142-90-5, the main research area is alkyl methacrylate norbornene copolymer biodiesel diesel pour point depressant.

Adding more biodiesel in petrochem. diesel is one of the effective methods to alleviate the global petrochem. energy shortage, but the high-proportional biodiesel-diesel blends are always limited by the poor cold flow properties. To address this issue, a series of alkyl methacrylate-norbornene anhydride copolymers (CnMC-NA, n = 12, 14, 16, 18) with different molar ratios were synthesized as pour point depressants for B30 (30 vol% biodiesel + 70 vol% diesel). Results showed that C14MC-NA (6:1) presented the best depressive effects at 0.2 wt% dosage, and the cloud point (CP), cold filter plugging point (CFPP) and pour point (PP) of B30 have reduced by 3, 9 and 10 °C, resp. To further improve their depressive efficiency, nine kinds of alcs. were optimized and grafted modification with C14MC-NA (6:1). The effect of these alcoholysis modified copolymers on CP, CFPP and PP of B30 were systematic researched. Results indicated that long-chain alcs. modified C14MC-NA exhibited better depressive effects on B30 than that of aromatic alcs. and short-chain alcs. Among that, C14MC-NA-C14at 0.15 wt% dosage exhibited the best reduction on CP, CFPP and PP of B30 by 5, 12 and 15 °C, resp. Addnl., the mechanism was discussed by polarizing optical microscopy, rheol. anal., differential scanning calorimeter and low-temperature x-ray diffractometer.

Fuel published new progress about Biodiesel fuel. 142-90-5 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Dodecyl 2-methylacrylate, and the molecular formula is C16H30O2, SDS of cas: 142-90-5.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Na Rungsi, Artita published the artcileTuning the porosity of sulfur-resistant Pd-Pt/MCM-41 bimetallic catalysts for partial hydrogenation of soybean oil-derived biodiesel, Synthetic Route of 929-77-1, the main research area is sulfur palladium platinum MCM41 soybean oil partial hydrogenation catalyst.

Partial hydrogenation of soybean oil-derived fatty acid Me esters was studied using MCM-41 mesoporous silica-supported Pd-Pt bimetallic catalysts with tunable porosity under mild reaction conditions (100°C, 0.4 MPa H2, 4 h). This process produced partially hydrogenated fatty acid Me esters (H-FAME) as a new type of high-quality biodiesel fuel enriched in monounsaturated fatty acid Me esters (mono-FAME), which is a potential source for formulating high blends of biodiesel fuel with petrodiesel. MCM-41 supports with various structural properties and morphologies were synthesized by self-assembly with different amounts of ammonia solution as a mineralizing agent. Bimetallic Pd-Pt nanoparticles with a Pd/Pt at. ratio of 4 were stepwise impregnated on three MCM-41 supports, resulting in a series of Pd-Pt/MCM-41 bimetallic catalysts with tunable porosity (0.89-1.79 cm3 g-1), average pore size (3.2-8.5 nm), and particle size (0.12-0.62μm). The Pd-Pt/MCM-41 catalyst prepared with the least amount of ammonia produced the best partial hydrogenation conversion of polyunsaturated FAME into mono-FAME, ascribed to nano-aggregation resulting in a dual-pore system containing large pores for fast mol. diffusion; a high turnover frequency (1920 h-1), larger k1 rate constant (0.60 gcat-1h-1), and smaller k2 rate constant (0.37 gcat-1h-1) were obtained. Furthermore, this Pd-Pt/MCM-41 catalyst exhibited excellent sulfur resistance in the synthesis of H-FAME, even though the feedstocks contained approx. 5 ppm of sulfur contaminates. These results demonstrate that the sulfur-resistant Pd-Pt/MCM-41 bimetallic catalysts with stable and dual pore system are beneficial for obtaining higher quality BDF to reduce our reliance on fossil fuels.

Fuel published new progress about Biodiesel fuel. 929-77-1 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Methyl docosanoate, and the molecular formula is C23H46O2, Synthetic Route of 929-77-1.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics