Month: November 2022

Evaluation of Amazon fruits: chemical and nutritional studies on Borojoa sorbilis was written by Rodrigues, Francimilton Rabelo;Ramos, Aline de Souza;Fernandes Amaral, Ana Claudia;Ferreira, Jose Luiz Pinto;Carneiro, Carla da Silva;Silva, Jefferson Rocha de Andrade. And the article was included in Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture in 2018.Quality Control of Methyl heptanoate The following contents are mentioned in the article:

BACKGROUND : Borojoa sorbilis (Ducke) is an Amazonian species with edible fruits that are widely consumed by the local population, but little studied and not yet economically explored. Thus the aim of this study was to describe the chem. composition, volatile compounds, nutritional aspects and antioxidant activity of the fruit pulp and peel of B. sorbilis. RESULTS : Headspace solid-phase microextraction, using polydimethylsiloxane-divinylbenzene (PDMS-DVB) fiber, resulted in the identification of 59 substances in the pulp and peel of B. sorbilis fruits after anal. of the chromatograms obtained by gas chromatog.-mass spectrometry using polar and nonpolar columns. Esters were the most abundant. Moisture, lipids, protein, dietary fiber, ash, carbohydrate, total energy value, titratable acid, soluble solids and pH were measured. Protein amount, fat content and antioxidant activity were low in both pulp and peel. Carbohydrate content was 179.2 and 134.9 g kg^-1 in pulp and peel, resp. CONCLUSION : This is the first report on the chem. characteristics, flavor and nutritional aspects of B. sorbilis fruit, which is essential to its economic exploitation. The high energy value associated with the carbohydrate content, plus the low fat content, contribute to a possible use of B. sorbilis fruits as a food supplement. © 2018 Society of Chem. Industry. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Methyl heptanoate (cas: 106-73-0Quality Control of Methyl heptanoate).

Methyl heptanoate (cas: 106-73-0) belongs to esters. Esters are also usually derived from carboxylic acids. It may also be obtained by reaction of acid anhydride or acid halides with alcohols or by the reaction of salts of carboxylic acids with alkyl halides. Cyclic esters are called lactones, regardless of whether they are derived from an organic or inorganic acid. One example of an organic lactone is γ-valerolactone.Quality Control of Methyl heptanoate

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Synthesis and insecticidal activities of novel solanidine derivatives was written by Beaulieu, Remi;Grand, Eric;Stasik, Imane;Attoumbre, Jacques;Chesnais, Quentin;Gobert, Virginie;Ameline, Arnaud;Giordanengo, Philippe;Kovensky, Jose. And the article was included in Pest Management Science in 2019.Formula: C16H22O11 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Potato (Solanum tuberosum) is the fourth culture in the world and is widely used in the agri-food industries. They generate byproducts in which α-chaconine and α-solanine, the two major solanidine-based glycoalkaloids of potato, are present. As secondary metabolites, they play an important role in the protection system of potato and are involved in plant protection against insects. To add value to these byproducts, we described here new glycoalkaloids that could have phytosanitary properties. Solanidine, as a renewable source, was modified with an azido linker and coupled by copper-catalyzed alkyne azide cycloaddition to alkynyl derivatives of the monosaccharides found in the natural potato glycoalkakoids: D-glucose, D-galactose and L-rhamnose. The efficacy of our compounds was evaluated on the potato aphid Macrosiphum euphorbiae. The synthetic compounds have stronger aphicidal properties against nymphs than unmodified solanidine. They also showed strong aphicidal activities on adults and a neg. impact on fecundity. Our synthetic neoglycoalkaloids affected Macrosiphum euphorbiae survival at the nymphal stage as well as at the adult stage. Furthermore, they induced a decrease in fecundity. Our results show that chem. modifications of byproducts may afford new sustainable compounds for crop and plant protection. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as (2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-6-(Acetoxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2,3,4,5-tetrayl tetraacetate (cas: 604-69-3Formula: C16H22O11).

(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-6-(Acetoxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2,3,4,5-tetrayl tetraacetate (cas: 604-69-3) belongs to esters. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits. Esters are more polar than ethers but less polar than alcohols. They participate in hydrogen bonds as hydrogen-bond acceptors, but cannot act as hydrogen-bond donors, unlike their parent alcohols. This ability to participate in hydrogen bonding confers some water-solubility.Formula: C16H22O11

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Association between human olfactory performance and ability to detect single compounds in complex chemical mixtures. was written by Sollai, Giorgia;Tomassini Barbarossa, Iole;Usai, Paolo;Hummel, Thomas;Crnjar, Roberto. And the article was included in Physiology & Behavior in 2020.Name: Octyl acetate The following contents are mentioned in the article:

In this research we studied the olfactory sensitivity to banana head-space as a complex odor mixture in a group of 53 subjects classified for their olfactory status, by means of the “Sniffin’ Sticks” extended test. Using the coupled Gas Chromatog.-Mass Spectrometry/ Olfactometry (GC-MS/O) technique, the single components of the banana flavor mixture were separated, identified and verbally evaluated by each subject. For each compound both the “odor type” (i.e., odor quality: fruity, floral, green, etc.) and “odor descriptor” (i.e., name used by subjects for odor identification) were reported, so that we could identify mols. that were defined as smelling of banana. The results show that: (a) the threshold olfactory performance is linearly correlated with the number of odor-active compounds (total or smelling of banana) for each subject; (b) the intensity reported by each subject during the sniffing of the pen containing the banana aroma in the identification test is pos. correlated both with its hedonic valence and the number of odor-active compounds smelling of banana. In conclusion, our findings show that human perception of single compounds is conditioned by the threshold olfactory performance of the subject and that his/her ability to detect single mol. components, which smell as the mixture, affects the intensity and hedonism for the complex aroma. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Octyl acetate (cas: 112-14-1Name: Octyl acetate).

Octyl acetate (cas: 112-14-1) belongs to esters. Esters perform as high-grade solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers, and are one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market. Polyesters are important plastics, with monomers linked by ester moieties. Esters are more polar than ethers but less polar than alcohols. They participate in hydrogen bonds as hydrogen-bond acceptors, but cannot act as hydrogen-bond donors, unlike their parent alcohols. This ability to participate in hydrogen bonding confers some water-solubility.Name: Octyl acetate

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Association between human olfactory performance and ability to detect single compounds in complex chemical mixtures. was written by Sollai, Giorgia;Tomassini Barbarossa, Iole;Usai, Paolo;Hummel, Thomas;Crnjar, Roberto. And the article was included in Physiology & Behavior in 2020.Name: Isopentyl hexanoate The following contents are mentioned in the article:

In this research we studied the olfactory sensitivity to banana head-space as a complex odor mixture in a group of 53 subjects classified for their olfactory status, by means of the “Sniffin’ Sticks” extended test. Using the coupled Gas Chromatog.-Mass Spectrometry/ Olfactometry (GC-MS/O) technique, the single components of the banana flavor mixture were separated, identified and verbally evaluated by each subject. For each compound both the “odor type” (i.e., odor quality: fruity, floral, green, etc.) and “odor descriptor” (i.e., name used by subjects for odor identification) were reported, so that we could identify mols. that were defined as smelling of banana. The results show that: (a) the threshold olfactory performance is linearly correlated with the number of odor-active compounds (total or smelling of banana) for each subject; (b) the intensity reported by each subject during the sniffing of the pen containing the banana aroma in the identification test is pos. correlated both with its hedonic valence and the number of odor-active compounds smelling of banana. In conclusion, our findings show that human perception of single compounds is conditioned by the threshold olfactory performance of the subject and that his/her ability to detect single mol. components, which smell as the mixture, affects the intensity and hedonism for the complex aroma. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Isopentyl hexanoate (cas: 2198-61-0Name: Isopentyl hexanoate).

Isopentyl hexanoate (cas: 2198-61-0) belongs to esters. Carboxylic acid esters of low molecular weight are colourless, volatile liquids with pleasant odours, slightly soluble in water. Many esters have the potential for conformational isomerism, but they tend to adopt an s-cis (or Z) conformation rather than the s-trans (or E) alternative, due to a combination of hyperconjugation and dipole minimization effects. The preference for the Z conformation is influenced by the nature of the substituents and solvent, if present. Lactones with small rings are restricted to the s-trans (i.e. E) conformation due to their cyclic structure.Name: Isopentyl hexanoate

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

The role of apolipoprotein- and vitronectin-enriched protein corona on lipid nanoparticles for in vivo targeted delivery and transfection of oligonucleotides in murine tumor models was written by Chen, Dongyu;Parayath, Neha;Ganesh, Shanthi;Wang, Weimin;Amiji, Mansoor. And the article was included in Nanoscale in 2019.HPLC of Formula: 1224606-06-7 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

The application of lipid-based nanoparticle (LNP) delivery systems remains a popular strategy for the systemic delivery of gene therapies to specific disease targets, including solid tumors. It is now well acknowledged that upon systemic administration, biomols. from blood will adsorb onto nanoparticles’ surfaces, forming a “protein corona”, affording nanoparticles a “biol. identity” on top of their “synthetic identity”. Detailed anal. of nanoparticle protein corona is gradually revealing the “missing link” between nanoparticle chem. properties and the biol. identity. Nevertheless, the discovery of nanoparticle protein corona’s impact on tumor delivery is limited. In this study, we demonstrate that protein corona can be manipulated by formulation composition and particle surface charge changes, and a single lipid switch could switch the nanoparticle protein corona profile. The protein corona composition differences had a profound impact on cell transfection, in vivo biodistribution as well as tumor-specific delivery efficiency. Nanoparticles with apolipoprotein-rich corona showed better delivery to hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) as compared to those with vitronectin-rich corona. In addition, we found that, the PEG conjugated lipid chain length and PEG amount in LNPs were key factors to consider in successful RNA interference therapy for solid tumors. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as (6Z,9Z,28Z,31Z)-Heptatriaconta-6,9,28,31-tetraen-19-yl 4-(dimethylamino)butanoate (cas: 1224606-06-7HPLC of Formula: 1224606-06-7).

(6Z,9Z,28Z,31Z)-Heptatriaconta-6,9,28,31-tetraen-19-yl 4-(dimethylamino)butanoate (cas: 1224606-06-7) belongs to esters. Esters perform as high-grade solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers, and are one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market. Polyesters are important plastics, with monomers linked by ester moieties. Because of their lack of hydrogen-bond-donating ability, esters do not self-associate. Consequently, esters are more volatile than carboxylic acids of similar molecular weight.HPLC of Formula: 1224606-06-7

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Direct synthesis of a high-density aviation fuel using a polycarbonate was written by Wang, Lulin;Han, Fengan;Li, Guangyi;Zheng, Min;Wang, Aiqin;Wang, Xiaodong;Zhang, Tao;Cong, Yu;Li, Ning. And the article was included in Green Chemistry in 2021.Quality Control of Diphenyl carbonate The following contents are mentioned in the article:

High-d. cyclic hydrocarbons were first synthesized with high carbon yields by a one-pot transfer hydrodeoxygenation of a polycarbonate (PC) using isopropanol as the solvent and hydrogen donor at the same time. RANEY nickel was found to be an effective catalyst for the conversion of the PC in isopropanol. Over it, the pure PC pellet was completely converted to a mixture of C₆-C₁₅ oxygenates, aromatics and cycloalkanes after the reaction was carried out at 463 K for 1 h. The catalytic performance of RANEY Ni was further improved after the introduction of solid acids as co-catalysts. Among the investigated solid acids, ultrastable Y (USY), a com. acidic zeolite, demonstrated the best promotion effect, which can be explained by its larger pore size and suitable acidity. Under the optimized conditions, an ∼75% carbon yield of C₆-C₁₅ cyclic hydrocarbons was achieved from the one-pot transfer hydrodeoxygenation of a chopped DVD disk under the co-catalysis of RANEY Ni and USY. According to our measurement, the C₆-C₁₅ cyclic hydrocarbon mixture as obtained has a high d. (0.94 g mL^-1), good volumetric net heat of combustion (NHOC) (41.5 MJ L^-1) and low f.p. (202 K-188 K). In real applications, it can be used as a potential substitute for currently used high-d. aviation fuels. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Diphenyl carbonate (cas: 102-09-0Quality Control of Diphenyl carbonate).

Diphenyl carbonate (cas: 102-09-0) belongs to esters. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits, including apples, durians, pears, bananas, pineapples, and strawberries. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides alcoholysis is another way to produce esters. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with alcohols to produce esters. Anydrous conditions are recommended since both acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with water.Quality Control of Diphenyl carbonate

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Gasification of wastes: The impact of the feedstock type and co-gasification on the formation of volatiles and char was written by Esmaeili, Vahideh;Ajalli, Jalil;Faramarzi, Ali;Abdi, Mehrdad;Gholizadeh, Mortaza. And the article was included in International Journal of Energy Research in 2020.Recommanded Product: 112-14-1 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Summary : A gasification pilot plant was built up in order to investigate the influence of both feedstock type and co-gasification on the distribution and composition of the products. The results showed that at the same process condition, different feedstocks could result in different product yields. For instance, the highest gas yield was obtained from tire gasification, while the lowest one belonged to weed gasification. The characterization of the products showed the presence of different components and functionalities in the samples produced. In addition, the co-gasification of the feedstocks resulted in the products with different specifications than single feeding, proving the existence of different reaction pathways. This means that feedstocks and their derivatives could interact with each other and resulted in nonproportional yields and composition for the char, tar, and gaseous products in comparison with the products from the gasification of the single feedstocks. As an example, the tar from co-gasification had a lower content of acids but a higher content of amines and amides. This confirmed that co-gasification influenced the reaction network significantly, impacting the formation of gases, tar, and char, originated from the cross-interaction among the reaction intermediates derived from the pyrolysis/gasification of the various feedstocks. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Octyl acetate (cas: 112-14-1Recommanded Product: 112-14-1).

Octyl acetate (cas: 112-14-1) belongs to esters. Esters are also usually derived from carboxylic acids. It may also be obtained by reaction of acid anhydride or acid halides with alcohols or by the reaction of salts of carboxylic acids with alkyl halides. Liquid esters of low volatility serve as softening agents for resins and plastics. Esters also include many industrially important polymers. Polymethyl methacrylate is a glass substitute sold under the names Lucite and Plexiglas; polyethylene terephthalate is used as a film (Mylar) and as textile fibres sold as Terylene, Fortrel, and Dacron.Recommanded Product: 112-14-1

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Development of the 1,2,4-triazole-based anticonvulsant drug candidates acting on the voltage-gated sodium channels. Insights from in-vivo, in-vitro, and in-silico studies was written by Kapron, Barbara;Luszczki, Jarogniew J.;Plazinska, Anita;Siwek, Agata;Karcz, Tadeusz;Grybos, Anna;Nowak, Gabriel;Makuch-Kocka, Anna;Walczak, Katarzyna;Langner, Ewa;Szalast, Karolina;Marciniak, Sebastian;Paczkowska, Magdalena;Cielecka-Piontek, Judyta;Ciesla, Lukasz M.;Plech, Tomasz. And the article was included in European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences in 2019.Synthetic Route of C4H7NS The following contents are mentioned in the article:

The treatment of epilepsy remains difficult mostly since almost 30% of patients suffer from pharmacoresistant forms of the disease. Therefore, there is an urgent need to search for new antiepileptic drug candidates. Previously, it has been shown that 4-alkyl-5-substituted-1,2,4-triazole-3-thione derivativatives possessed strong anticonvulsant activity in a maximal electroshock-induced seizure model of epilepsy. In this work, we examined the effect of the chem. structure of the 1,2,4-triazole-3-thione-based mols. on the anticonvulsant activity and the binding to voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSCs) and GABA_A receptors. Docking simulations allowed us to determine the mode of interactions between the investigated compounds and binding cavity of the human VGSC. Selected compounds were also investigated in a panel of ADME-Tox assays, including parallel artificial membrane permeability assay (PAMPA), single cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE) and cytotoxicity evaluation in HepG2 cells. The obtained results indicated that unbranched alkyl chains, from Bu to hexyl, attached to 1,2,4-triazole core are essential both for good anticonvulsant activity and strong interactions with VGSCs. The combined in-vivo, in-vitro and in-silico studies emphasize 4-alkyl-5-substituted-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiones as promising agents in the development of new anticonvulsants. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Isopropylisothiocyanate (cas: 2253-73-8Synthetic Route of C4H7NS).

Isopropylisothiocyanate (cas: 2253-73-8) belongs to esters. Esters perform as high-grade solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers, and are one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market. Polyesters are important plastics, with monomers linked by ester moieties. Esters contain a carbonyl center, which gives rise to 120° C–C–O and O–C–O angles. Unlike amides, esters are structurally flexible functional groups because rotation about the C–O–C bonds has a low barrier. Their flexibility and low polarity is manifested in their physical properties; they tend to be less rigid (lower melting point) and more volatile (lower boiling point) than the corresponding amides. Synthetic Route of C4H7NS

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Development of the 1,2,4-triazole-based anticonvulsant drug candidates acting on the voltage-gated sodium channels. Insights from in-vivo, in-vitro, and in-silico studies was written by Kapron, Barbara;Luszczki, Jarogniew J.;Plazinska, Anita;Siwek, Agata;Karcz, Tadeusz;Grybos, Anna;Nowak, Gabriel;Makuch-Kocka, Anna;Walczak, Katarzyna;Langner, Ewa;Szalast, Karolina;Marciniak, Sebastian;Paczkowska, Magdalena;Cielecka-Piontek, Judyta;Ciesla, Lukasz M.;Plech, Tomasz. And the article was included in European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences in 2019.Product Details of 2253-73-8 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

The treatment of epilepsy remains difficult mostly since almost 30% of patients suffer from pharmacoresistant forms of the disease. Therefore, there is an urgent need to search for new antiepileptic drug candidates. Previously, it has been shown that 4-alkyl-5-substituted-1,2,4-triazole-3-thione derivativatives possessed strong anticonvulsant activity in a maximal electroshock-induced seizure model of epilepsy. In this work, we examined the effect of the chem. structure of the 1,2,4-triazole-3-thione-based mols. on the anticonvulsant activity and the binding to voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSCs) and GABA_A receptors. Docking simulations allowed us to determine the mode of interactions between the investigated compounds and binding cavity of the human VGSC. Selected compounds were also investigated in a panel of ADME-Tox assays, including parallel artificial membrane permeability assay (PAMPA), single cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE) and cytotoxicity evaluation in HepG2 cells. The obtained results indicated that unbranched alkyl chains, from Bu to hexyl, attached to 1,2,4-triazole core are essential both for good anticonvulsant activity and strong interactions with VGSCs. The combined in-vivo, in-vitro and in-silico studies emphasize 4-alkyl-5-substituted-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiones as promising agents in the development of new anticonvulsants. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Isopropylisothiocyanate (cas: 2253-73-8Product Details of 2253-73-8).

Isopropylisothiocyanate (cas: 2253-73-8) belongs to esters. Volatile esters with characteristic odours are used in synthetic flavours, perfumes, and cosmetics. Certain volatile esters are used as solvents for lacquers, paints, and varnishes. Liquid esters of low volatility serve as softening agents for resins and plastics. Esters also include many industrially important polymers. Polymethyl methacrylate is a glass substitute sold under the names Lucite and Plexiglas; polyethylene terephthalate is used as a film (Mylar) and as textile fibres sold as Terylene, Fortrel, and Dacron.Product Details of 2253-73-8

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Effect of polymer molecular weight on structure and performance of PVDF hollow fiber membranes prepared via TIPS process with co-extrusion of solvent using triple orifice spinneret was written by Zhang, Pengfei;Fang, Chuanjie;Rajabzadeh, Saeid;Liu, Wenyi;Jia, Yuandong;Shen, Qin;Zhang, Lei;Wang, Shengyao;Kato, Noriaki;Matsuyama, Hideto. And the article was included in Journal of Membrane Science in 2021.Category: esters-buliding-blocks The following contents are mentioned in the article:

The co-extrusion of solvent at the outer layer of a dope solution in a thermally induced phase separation (TIPS) process has led to significant improvements in membrane characteristics, especially pure water permeability stability. This work investigates the effects of the poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) mol. weight and concentration on the characteristics of hollow fiber membranes prepared using this method. The PVDF mol. weight had little effect on the phase diagram of the PVDF/diphenyl carbonate (DPC) system, and effectively controlled the penetration depth and quantity of the extruded solvent (propylene carbonate (PC)) inside the polymer dope solution as well as the overall performance of the hollow fiber membranes. When the PVDF concentration was low, the PVDF mol. weight was crucial in controlling the penetration of the extruded solvent. For a PVDF/DPC system that led to the mainly bicontinuous structure which resulted from L-L phase separation, the penetration of the PC inside the membrane considerably changed the surface and sublayer structure from a bicontinuous structure with spherulite to a composite spherulite embedded in the bicontinuous structure and isolated spherulite structure. To obtain an appropriate membrane with considerable water permeability stability, it is necessary to choose an appropriate polymer mol. weight and concentration This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Diphenyl carbonate (cas: 102-09-0Category: esters-buliding-blocks).

Diphenyl carbonate (cas: 102-09-0) belongs to esters. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits. Liquid esters of low volatility serve as softening agents for resins and plastics. Esters also include many industrially important polymers. Polymethyl methacrylate is a glass substitute sold under the names Lucite and Plexiglas; polyethylene terephthalate is used as a film (Mylar) and as textile fibres sold as Terylene, Fortrel, and Dacron.Category: esters-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics