Month: November 2022

Effect of the koji variety of Aspergillus species on the flavor formation of imo-shochu (Part 2) difference in volatile compounds and sensory evaluations of imo-shochu was written by Shiraishi, Yohei;Okutsu, Kayu;Yoshizaki, Yumiko;Futagami, Taiki;Tamaki, Hisanori;Wagu, Yutaka;Takamine, Kazunori. And the article was included in Nippon Jozo Kyokaishi in 2021.Application In Synthesis of Octyl acetate The following contents are mentioned in the article:

In order to clarify the effects of differences in koji type on the variety of the aroma and taste of imo-shochu. the author prepared imo-shochu with yellow, black, and white koji and investigated their aroma components and sensory characteristics. GC-MS analyses revealed that the concentrations of higher alcs., acetic acid Et esters, and sulfur compounds were higher in imo-shochu prepared with yellow koji than those with black or white koji. The aldehyde and terpene contents in imo-shochu prepared with white or black koji were higher than that with yellow koji. Meanwhile, imo-shochu prepared with white koji contained more DL-2-methylbutyrate, and imo-shochu prepared with black koji contained more Me salicylate and 1-octen-3-ol compared to the other shochu. Results of sensory evaluations, showed that imo-shochu prepared with yellow koji had stronger koji-like, baked confectionery-like, and herb-like flavors. Imo-shochu prepared with white koji was evaluated as roasted and sharp, and that with black koji evaluated as roasted, oily, and mild. Furthermore, it was first demonstrated that the shochu prepared with different types of koji could be distinguished by their sensory characteristics in blind tests. From the above results, the empirical fact that differences in the flavor of imo-shochu by the variety of koji was confirmed at the chem. level. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Octyl acetate (cas: 112-14-1Application In Synthesis of Octyl acetate).

Octyl acetate (cas: 112-14-1) belongs to esters. Esters are also usually derived from carboxylic acids. It may also be obtained by reaction of acid anhydride or acid halides with alcohols or by the reaction of salts of carboxylic acids with alkyl halides. Liquid esters of low volatility serve as softening agents for resins and plastics. Esters also include many industrially important polymers. Polymethyl methacrylate is a glass substitute sold under the names Lucite and Plexiglas; polyethylene terephthalate is used as a film (Mylar) and as textile fibres sold as Terylene, Fortrel, and Dacron.Application In Synthesis of Octyl acetate

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Effect of the koji variety of Aspergillus species on the flavor formation of imo-shochu (Part 2) difference in volatile compounds and sensory evaluations of imo-shochu was written by Shiraishi, Yohei;Okutsu, Kayu;Yoshizaki, Yumiko;Futagami, Taiki;Tamaki, Hisanori;Wagu, Yutaka;Takamine, Kazunori. And the article was included in Nippon Jozo Kyokaishi in 2021.Category: esters-buliding-blocks The following contents are mentioned in the article:

In order to clarify the effects of differences in koji type on the variety of the aroma and taste of imo-shochu. the author prepared imo-shochu with yellow, black, and white koji and investigated their aroma components and sensory characteristics. GC-MS analyses revealed that the concentrations of higher alcs., acetic acid Et esters, and sulfur compounds were higher in imo-shochu prepared with yellow koji than those with black or white koji. The aldehyde and terpene contents in imo-shochu prepared with white or black koji were higher than that with yellow koji. Meanwhile, imo-shochu prepared with white koji contained more DL-2-methylbutyrate, and imo-shochu prepared with black koji contained more Me salicylate and 1-octen-3-ol compared to the other shochu. Results of sensory evaluations, showed that imo-shochu prepared with yellow koji had stronger koji-like, baked confectionery-like, and herb-like flavors. Imo-shochu prepared with white koji was evaluated as roasted and sharp, and that with black koji evaluated as roasted, oily, and mild. Furthermore, it was first demonstrated that the shochu prepared with different types of koji could be distinguished by their sensory characteristics in blind tests. From the above results, the empirical fact that differences in the flavor of imo-shochu by the variety of koji was confirmed at the chem. level. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Isopentyl hexanoate (cas: 2198-61-0Category: esters-buliding-blocks).

Isopentyl hexanoate (cas: 2198-61-0) belongs to esters. Esters typically have a pleasant smell; those of low molecular weight are commonly used as fragrances and are found in essential oils and pheromones. Many esters have the potential for conformational isomerism, but they tend to adopt an s-cis (or Z) conformation rather than the s-trans (or E) alternative, due to a combination of hyperconjugation and dipole minimization effects. The preference for the Z conformation is influenced by the nature of the substituents and solvent, if present. Lactones with small rings are restricted to the s-trans (i.e. E) conformation due to their cyclic structure.Category: esters-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Formulation and evaluation of ezetimibe loaded solid lipid nanoparticles was written by Chilukuri, Chandraprakash;Haq, S. Muhammad Fazal Ul. And the article was included in World Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences in 2022.SDS of cas: 31566-31-1 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Ezetimibe is an anti Hyperlipidemic drug with low bioavailability (35%) and poor aqueous solubility (0-00846 mg/L.) The present study was focused to enhance the bioavailability of ezetimibe. Drug loaded solid lipid nanoparticles were prepared by using high shear homogenization and ultrasonication method using glycerol mono sterate as lipid and tween 80, poloxamer 188 as surfactants. Prepared solid lipid nanoparticles were characterized for particle size, surface morphol. and thermal properties. Evaluation studies like entrapment efficiency, Invitro drug release studies, and stability studies. The optimized formulation of ezetimbe loaded solid lipid nanoparticles exhibited particle size (432 nm), zeta potential (-13.8mV) and poly dispersity index (0.168). Thermal property studies performed by using differential scanning calorimetry showed no chem. interaction between drug and lipid. Entrapment efficiency of optimized formulation was found to be 88.72 ± 0.21%. scanning electron microscope study revealed solid lipid nanoparticles were spherical in shape with smooth surface. invitro drug release studies showed a drug release of 89.2 ± 0.2% for optimized formulation. Stability studies performed on the optimized formulation at different temperatures for 2 mo revealed there is slight decrease in the stability of drug loaded solid lipid nanoparticles. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Glyceryl monostearate (cas: 31566-31-1SDS of cas: 31566-31-1).

Glyceryl monostearate (cas: 31566-31-1) belongs to esters. Carboxylic acid esters of low molecular weight are colourless, volatile liquids with pleasant odours, slightly soluble in water. Esters contain a carbonyl center, which gives rise to 120° C–C–O and O–C–O angles. Unlike amides, esters are structurally flexible functional groups because rotation about the C–O–C bonds has a low barrier. Their flexibility and low polarity is manifested in their physical properties; they tend to be less rigid (lower melting point) and more volatile (lower boiling point) than the corresponding amides. SDS of cas: 31566-31-1

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Infrared characterization of MgCl₂ supported Ziegler-Natta catalysts with monoester and diester as a modifier was written by Yang, C. B.;Hsu, C. C.;Park, Y. S.;Shurvell, H. F.. And the article was included in European Polymer Journal in 1994.Application In Synthesis of 2-Ethylhexyl benzoate The following contents are mentioned in the article:

An IR study of MgCl₂-supported TiCl₄ Ziegler-Natta catalysts for propylene polymerization using Lewis base modifiers was carried out. Two series of catalysts were prepared, differing mainly by the method used to prepare the MgCl₂ support. One was prepared by precipitation and the other by ball-milling. Four different Lewis bases, of which two are diesters (di-2-Et phthalate and diisobutyl phthalate) and two are monoesters (Et benzoate and 2-Et hexyl benzoate), were employed. The IR investigation of the catalyst was focused on the identification of complexes formed. The diester-containing catalysts contain significant amounts of TiCl₄-diester complexes and phthaloyl mono- and di-chlorides complexed to MgCl₂, whereas the monoester-containing catalysts are virtually free of these compounds The chlorides are formed from the reaction of TiCl₄ and diester weakly bonded to MgCl₂. The TiCl₄-monoester complex is relatively weak so that the coordination of monoester with MgCl₂ is much more favorable. The effects of the complexes, particularly their relative amounts, on the catalyst activity was investigated by carrying out propylene polymerizations with catalysts prepared by precipitation and by ball-milling method at three different activation temperatures This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 2-Ethylhexyl benzoate (cas: 5444-75-7Application In Synthesis of 2-Ethylhexyl benzoate).

2-Ethylhexyl benzoate (cas: 5444-75-7) belongs to esters. Volatile esters with characteristic odours are used in synthetic flavours, perfumes, and cosmetics. Certain volatile esters are used as solvents for lacquers, paints, and varnishes. Esterification is the general name for a chemical reaction in which two reactants (typically an alcohol and an acid) form an ester as the reaction product. Esters are common in organic chemistry and biological materials.Application In Synthesis of 2-Ethylhexyl benzoate

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Assessing the kinetic model of hydro-distillation and chemical composition of Aquilaria malaccensis leaves essential oil was written by Samadi, Mahtab;Abidin, Zurina Zainal;Yunus, Robiah;Biak, Dayang Radiah Awang;Yoshida, Hiroyuki;Lok, Eng Hai. And the article was included in Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering in 2017.HPLC of Formula: 5444-75-7 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

This study aimed to model the kinetic of hydro-distillation of Aquilaria malaccensis leaves oil in order to understand and optimize the extraction process. In addition, this study, for the first time, aimed to identify the chem. compositions of the A. malaccensis leave-oil. By assessing both first-order kinetic model and the model of simultaneous washing and diffusion, the result indicated that the model of simultaneous washing and diffusion better described the hydro-distillation mechanism of the essential oil from A. malaccensis leaves. The optimum time, solid to liquid ratio and the heating power for extracting the highest amount of essential oil were found to be around 3 h, 1:10 (g · ml^-1) and 300 W, resp. Yellow essential oil with a strong smell and a yield of 0.05 v/w was extracted by hydro-distillation Clevenger apparatus Chem. compounds of the essential oil were analyzed using gas chromatog.-mass spectroscopy (GC/MS), which resulted in identification of 42 compounds that constitute 93% of essential oil. Among the identified components, Pentadecanal (32.082%), 9-Octadecenal, (Z) (15.894%), and Tetradecanal (6.927%) were the major compounds Considering the fact that all the identified major components possessed pesticidal properties, A. malaccensis leaves could be regarded as a promising natural source for producing pesticides. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 2-Ethylhexyl benzoate (cas: 5444-75-7HPLC of Formula: 5444-75-7).

2-Ethylhexyl benzoate (cas: 5444-75-7) belongs to esters. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits. Many esters have the potential for conformational isomerism, but they tend to adopt an s-cis (or Z) conformation rather than the s-trans (or E) alternative, due to a combination of hyperconjugation and dipole minimization effects. The preference for the Z conformation is influenced by the nature of the substituents and solvent, if present. Lactones with small rings are restricted to the s-trans (i.e. E) conformation due to their cyclic structure.HPLC of Formula: 5444-75-7

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Quantitative calculation method to compare the reactive sites of different methyl esters was written by Ni, Zi-hao;Li, Fa-she;Wang, Hua;Xiao, Quan;Wu, Yong-hui;Ding, Bao-ping. And the article was included in Fuel in 2022.Recommanded Product: Methyl heptanoate The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Me ester is the main component of biodiesel, which plays a crucial role in constructing chem. kinetic models for the combustion. The carbon chain length and the degree of unsaturation have a significant influence on the mol. properties and reactivity of Me esters. In this study, to explore the difference in chain length and reactive sites of Me esters, the quantum chem. approach is used to examine the chem. reaction sites of Me butyrate, Me crotonate, Me heptanoate, and Me enanthate. Based on d. functional theory, the structure of the four Me ester mols. is optimized under the M06-2X method, and the global reactivity (including mol. electrostatic surface potential, frontier MO) and local reactivity (including Fukui function, charge, and natural bond orbital) are analyzed. At the same time, the visualization results are also obtained. The results show that the reactive sites of saturated Me ester occur in the structure of the ester group, and the reactive sites of Me crotonate occur on the ester group and the double bond. Further, the reactivity of Me crotonate is stronger than that of the three saturated Me esters. As the carbon chain grows, the reactivity of saturated Me esters gradually increases. Overall, the results provide a theor. basis for revealing the different structural properties of Me esters and subsequent chem. kinetic calculations This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Methyl heptanoate (cas: 106-73-0Recommanded Product: Methyl heptanoate).

Methyl heptanoate (cas: 106-73-0) belongs to esters. Esters perform as high-grade solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers, and are one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides alcoholysis is another way to produce esters. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with alcohols to produce esters. Anydrous conditions are recommended since both acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with water.Recommanded Product: Methyl heptanoate

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Essential Oil Composition, Antimicrobial, Cytotoxic, and Cyclooxygenase Inhibitory Areas of Activity of Pistacia lentiscus from Palestine was written by Jaradat, Nidal;Al-Maharik, Nawaf;Hawash, Mohammed;Abualhasan, Murad N.;Qadi, Mohammad;Ayesh, Ola;Marar, Roa’a Abu;Kharroub, Hamsa;Abu-Hait, Taqwa;Arar, Mohammad;Mousa, Ahmed. And the article was included in Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering in 2022.Electric Literature of C11H22O2 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

The current study aimed to extract and identify the chem. compounds of Pistacia lentiscus essential oil (PLEO) from Palestine and to assess its antimicrobial, cytotoxic, and cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitory activities. The hydro-distilled PLEO was analyzed utilizing the gas chromatog.-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) apparatus Pistacia lentiscus essential oil (PLEO) was tested for its antimicrobial properties utilizing a broth microdilution method. In addition, an MTS assay was employed to test the cytotoxic activity on a cervical cancer cell line (HeLa). An in-vitro COX inhibition test kit was used to measure the COX inhibitory activity. Twenty-nine mols. were characterized, representing 100% of the total PLEO. Limonene (43.78%), α-pinene (29.45%), and β-pinene (7.54%) were characterized as the major PLEO components. The results revealed that PLEO has broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity against the tested microbial strains and has cytotoxic activity against HeLa cancer cells with an IC50 value of 169.68 ± 2.56μg/mL. Promising COX-1 and COX-2 inhibitory activities were also demonstrated. The chem. components of PLEO from Palestine were identified here for the first time and showed biol. effects against the screened microbes, HeLa cells, and COX enzyme. Further in-vivo investigations are required to assess these activities and other pharmacol. effects. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Isopentyl hexanoate (cas: 2198-61-0Electric Literature of C11H22O2).

Isopentyl hexanoate (cas: 2198-61-0) belongs to esters. Esters perform as high-grade solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers, and are one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market. Esterification is the general name for a chemical reaction in which two reactants (typically an alcohol and an acid) form an ester as the reaction product. Esters are common in organic chemistry and biological materials.Electric Literature of C11H22O2

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Influence of different solid lipids on the properties of a novel nanostructured lipid carrier containing Antarctic krill oil was written by Lin, Yunwei;Yin, Wenting;Li, Yujie;Liu, Guoqin. And the article was included in International Journal of Food Science and Technology in 2022.Name: Glyceryl monostearate The following contents are mentioned in the article:

This study aimed to investigate the effect of solid lipids (lauric acid (LAU), myristic acid (MYR), stearic acid (STE), glycerol monostearate (GMS), glycerol 1,3-distearate (GDS), glycerol tristearate (GTS), glycerol trimyristate (GTM) and glycerol trilaurate (GTL)) on the characteristics of novel nanostructured lipid carrier (NLC) containing Antarctic krill oil through ultrasound. The fatty acids (LAU, MYR, STE and GMS) were unsuitable solid lipid materials, as apparent stratification was quickly observed during the NLC preparation NLCs were successfully prepared using GTS, GTM, GTL and GDS. The zeta potential of all NLCs exceeded -30 mV indicating good uniformity and stability. These NLCs appeared spherical or oval. Differential calorimetry and X-ray diffraction anal. revealed these NLCs formed imperfect crystals. As the carbon chain length of triglycerides increased from C12 to C18, the particle size of NLCs increased from 235.8 ± 2.3 nm to 340.5 ± 2.2 nm, the degree of recrystallization increased from 39.06% to 49.99%, while the EPA encapsulation efficiency decreased from 88.72 ± 0.47% to 72.86 ± 1.06%. NLC prepared with GDS had the smallest particle size (112.4 ± 0.4 nm), the lowest recrystallization and the highest EPA encapsulation efficiency (>99%). GDS was the most suitable to prepare high encapsulate efficiency krill oil-loaded NLC. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Glyceryl monostearate (cas: 31566-31-1Name: Glyceryl monostearate).

Glyceryl monostearate (cas: 31566-31-1) belongs to esters. Esters perform as high-grade solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers, and are one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market. Esterification is the general name for a chemical reaction in which two reactants (typically an alcohol and an acid) form an ester as the reaction product. Esters are common in organic chemistry and biological materials.Name: Glyceryl monostearate

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Atmospheric degradation of industrial fluorinated acrylates and methacrylates with Cl atoms at atmospheric pressure and 298K was written by Rivela, Cynthia B.;Blanco, Maria B.;Teruel, Mariano A.. And the article was included in Atmospheric Environment in 2018.Electric Literature of C7H6F6O2 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

The gas-phase reaction of Cl atom with 2,2,2-trifluoroethylacrylate (k₁), 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoroisopropylacrylate (k₂), 2,2,2-trifluoroethylmethacrylate (k₃) and 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoroisopropylmethacrylate (k₄), have been investigated at 298K and 1atm using the relative method by gas chromatog. coupled with flame ionization detection (GC-FID). The values obtained are (in cm³ mol.^-1 s^-1): k₁(Cl+CH₂=CHC(O)OCH₂CF₃) = (2.41±0.57)×10^-10, k₂(Cl+CH₂=CHC(O)OCH(CF₃)₂) = (1.39±0.34)×10^-10, k₃(Cl+CH₂=C(CH₃)C(O)OCH₂CF₃) = (2.22±0.45)×10^-10, and k₄(Cl+CH₂=C(CH₃)C(O)OCH(CF₃)₂ = (2.44±0.52)×10^-10). Products identification studies were performed by solid-phase microextraction (SPME) method, with on-fiber products derivatization using o-(2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorobenzyl) hydroxylamine hydrochloride, coupled with gas chromatog. with mass spectrometry detection (GC-MS). Chloroacetone, trifluoroacetaldehyde and formaldehyde were observed as degradation products and a general mechanism is proposed. Addnl., reactivity trends and atm. implications are discussed. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 1,1,1,3,3,3-Hexafluoroisopropylmethacrylate (cas: 3063-94-3Electric Literature of C7H6F6O2).

1,1,1,3,3,3-Hexafluoroisopropylmethacrylate (cas: 3063-94-3) belongs to esters. Carboxylic acid esters of low molecular weight are colourless, volatile liquids with pleasant odours, slightly soluble in water. Because of their lack of hydrogen-bond-donating ability, esters do not self-associate. Consequently, esters are more volatile than carboxylic acids of similar molecular weight.Electric Literature of C7H6F6O2

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Identification of key aromas of Chinese muskmelon and study of their formation mechanisms was written by Xiao, Zuobing;Xie, Yongheng;Niu, Yunwei;Zhu, Jiancai. And the article was included in European Food Research and Technology in 2021.Synthetic Route of C8H16O2 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

The volatile compounds found in melons (Cucumis melo L.) obtained from three cultivars [Jiashi (JS), Xizhoumi17 (XZM) and Minqin (MQ)] were comprehensively analyzed by gas chromatog.-olfactometry (GC-O), gas chromatog.-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and GC-flame photometric detection (GC-FPD). The result showed that 46, 45 and 69 volatile compounds were detected in XZM, JS and MQ samples by GC-MS, resp. Besides, 6, 8 and 9 sulfur compounds were detected by GC-FPD, resp. Di-Me sulfide, 1-propanethiol, 3-mercapto-3methylbutanol, 3-methyl-2-buten-1-thiol were detected for the first time in melon. 25 key aroma compounds were identified in MQ muskmelon by omission tests, among which (Z)-6-nonenal, (Z)-6-nonen-1-ol, 3-methylbutanal, 2-methylbutyl acetate, hexanal and Me thioacetate were particularly important. The interaction between three aroma compounds containing nine-carbon straight-chain structure and five thioesters in MQ muskmelon was studied by comparing their olfactory threshold and OAV values. Among the 18 binary mixtures, 8 mixtures showed a synergistic effect, 2 mixtures presented an additive effect, 2 mixtures showed no interaction, 6 mixtures exhibited a masking effect. There is a synergistic effect between (Z)-6-nonenal, (Z)-6-nonen-1-ol and (E, Z)-3,6-nonadien-1-ol, the aroma intensity of the mixture can be predicted by modified vector model. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Methyl heptanoate (cas: 106-73-0Synthetic Route of C8H16O2).

Methyl heptanoate (cas: 106-73-0) belongs to esters. Volatile esters with characteristic odours are used in synthetic flavours, perfumes, and cosmetics. Certain volatile esters are used as solvents for lacquers, paints, and varnishes. Because of their lack of hydrogen-bond-donating ability, esters do not self-associate. Consequently, esters are more volatile than carboxylic acids of similar molecular weight.Synthetic Route of C8H16O2

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics