Tag: M.W=150-200

Bychek, Roman M. published the artcileSynthesis of Functionalized Difluorocyclopropanes: Unique Building Blocks for Drug Discovery, Computed Properties of 5205-11-8, the publication is Chemistry – A European Journal (2018), 24(47), 12291-12297, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

Difluorocyclopropane-containing building blocks for drug discovery were synthesized from the functionalized alkenes and TMSCF₃/NaI. Novel fluorinated acids, amines, amino acids, alcs., ketones and sulfonyl chlorides were obtained.

Chemistry – A European Journal published new progress about 5205-11-8. 5205-11-8 belongs to esters-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Alkenyl,Benzene,Ester, name is 3-Methylbut-2-en-1-yl benzoate, and the molecular formula is C12H14O2, Computed Properties of 5205-11-8.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ester,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Luo, Ming published the artcileIntegrative analysis of multiple metabolomes and transcriptome revealed color expression mechanism in red skin root syndrome of Panax ginseng, Safety of Methyl 3-phenyl-2-propenoate, the publication is Industrial Crops and Products (2022), 114491, database is CAplus.

Red skin root syndrome causes reduction of both production and quality of Panax ginseng (ginseng). However, its development process and key metabolites are still unknown. Multiple metabolomes including non-targeted metabolome, and anthocyanins-targeted and carotenoids-targeted metabolomes were performed on field grown red skin and healthy ginseng. The detected metabolites were analyzed in combination with previous transcriptome results. The total metabolite profiles revealed that primary metabolites especially citrate was decreased, but secondary metabolites mainly involved in phenylpropanoid pathway were increased in red skin ginseng compared to those in healthy ginseng. Targeted metabolome found that each gram of fresh red skin ginseng sample contained 8 μg β-carotene, 0.56 μg α-carotene, 0.017 μg rutin, 0.248 μg chalcone, and some anthocyanins including 0.023 μg cyanidin and 0.037 μg quercetin 3-O-glucoside, albeit in low concentrations but higher than those in healthy ginseng. Furthermore, integrative metabolome and transcriptome anal. revealed that changes of metabolites related to anthocyanins synthesis were correlated with the related gene expression patterns. Addnl., jasmonate (JA) and its precursor 12-oxophytodienoic acid increased their concentrations dramatically in red skin ginseng, suggesting the possible role of JA or JA signaling pathway in regulating red skin syndrome. Consistently, the expressions of 17 MYB transcription factors were differentially regulated in red skin ginseng. JA related cis-elements are widely distributed at their promoters. Taken together, our study revealed reduction of primary metabolism but increase of secondary metabolism in red skin ginseng. MYB transcription factors of JA signal pathway were supposed to mediate accumulation of anthocyanins and carotenoids that contributed to the development of red skin ginseng.

Industrial Crops and Products published new progress about 103-26-4. 103-26-4 belongs to esters-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Alkenyl,Benzene,Ester,Protease,Tyrosinase,Natural product, name is Methyl 3-phenyl-2-propenoate, and the molecular formula is C10H10O2, Safety of Methyl 3-phenyl-2-propenoate.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ester,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Park, Seung Yeon published the artcileDimethyl itaconate attenuates palmitate-induced insulin resistance in skeletal muscle cells through the AMPK/FGF21/PPARδ-mediated suppression of inflammation, Application In Synthesis of 617-52-7, the publication is Life Sciences (2021), 120129, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

Itaconate (ITA), a derivative of the tricarboxylic acid cycle, has been documented to have a direct antimicrobial effect by inhibiting isocitrate lyase and suppressing proinflammatory cytokines in LPS-treated macrophages. However, the effects of di-Me ITA (DITA), a membrane-permeable derivative of ITA, on insulin signaling and inflammation in skeletal muscle in an obese state remain to be elucidated. Thus, this study was designed to investigate the effects of DITA on the impairment of insulin signaling and inflammation in palmitate-treated C2C12 myocytes. Western blotting was used to determine the expression of insulin signaling associated genes, inflammatory markers, fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), and PPARδ expression, as well as AMPK phosphorylation in mouse skeletal muscle cells. Secreted proinflammatory cytokine levels were detected by ELISA. Insulin signaling was assessed by glucose uptake assay. Treating C2C12 myocytes with DITA attenuated palmitate-induced aggravation of insulin signaling markers, such as insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) and Akt phosphorylation and inflammatory markers, such as NFκB and IκB phosphorylation. AMPK phosphorylation, as well as PPARδ and myokine FGF21 expression, were enhanced in C2C12 myocytes by DITA treatment. siRNA-mediated suppression of AMPK or FGF21 expression abolished the effects of DITA on insulin resistance and inflammation in palmitate-treated C2C12 myocytes. In sum, DITA suppresses inflammation through the AMPK/FGF21/PPARδ signaling, thereby alleviating insulin resistance in palmitate-treated C2C12 myocytes. The current study appears to be an essential basis for performing animal experiments to develop insulin resistance therapeutics.

Life Sciences published new progress about 617-52-7. 617-52-7 belongs to esters-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Alkenyl,Aliphatic hydrocarbon chain,Ester, name is Dimethyl itaconate, and the molecular formula is C7H10O4, Application In Synthesis of 617-52-7.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ester,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Patel, Meera published the artcileDescriptive aroma profiles of fresh sweet basil cultivars (Ocimum spp.): Relationship to volatile chemical composition, Recommanded Product: Methyl 3-phenyl-2-propenoate, the publication is Journal of Food Science (2021), 86(7), 3228-3239, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

Few studies have linked sensory descriptions of the aroma profiles of fresh, sweet basil varieties with their volatile chem. Using a recently developed lexicon for fresh basil, a descriptive panel characterized the aroma profiles of seven basil varieties. Chem. anal. of fresh basil leaves was performed using GC-MS headspace anal. Anal. of variance probed for differences in the sensory attributes among varieties and principal component anal. (PCA) related the sensory profiles to volatile chem. composition Three com. specialty basils, “Queenette Thai” (QT), “Sweet-Dani” (SD) lemon basil, and MC-9 (cinnamon basil) had strong anise, lemon, and cinnamon-like aromas, resp. These basils were distinguished from breeding lines of traditional Italian sweet basils where SB-22, CB-1, and CB-39 exhibited strong anise-like aroma and SB-17 had strong “general spice” aromas, characteristic of a warm spice blend. The PCA accounted for 58.7% of the variation in the data and characterized the samples in two dimensions: general spice-citrus and cinnamon-like-anise. There was a strong correspondence between the sensory attributes and volatile chem. composition SD associated with lemon aroma and citral content; QT, CB-1, and CB-39 associated with anise aroma and Me chavicol; and MC-9 associated with the cinnamon-like aroma, Me cinnamate. SB-17 and SB-22 associated with general spice aroma and were in close proximity to the spice-like volatiles, 1,8 cineole, and eugenol, associated with clove aroma. We constructed precise sensory/chem. profiles for fresh basil aroma that can be used to guide breeding programs for variety improvement to meet consumer expectations or market demand.

Journal of Food Science published new progress about 103-26-4. 103-26-4 belongs to esters-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Alkenyl,Benzene,Ester,Protease,Tyrosinase,Natural product, name is Methyl 3-phenyl-2-propenoate, and the molecular formula is C10H10O2, Recommanded Product: Methyl 3-phenyl-2-propenoate.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ester,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Lin, Jui-Teng published the artcileEfficacy modeling of new multi-functional benzophenone-based system for free-radical/cationic hybrid-photopolymerization using 405 nm LED, Synthetic Route of 10287-53-3, the publication is Journal of Polymer Research (2022), 29(3), 100, database is CAplus.

This article presents, for the first time, the kinetics and the general conversion features of a 3-component system, benzophenone-triphenylamine(BT)/iodonium/Amine, based on proposed mechanism of Liu et al., for both free radical polymerization (FRP) of acrylates and the free radical promoted cationic polymerization (CP) of epoxides using the new multi-functional initiator of BT. The additives, iodonium and amine, Et 4-(dimethylamino)benzoate (EDB), have the dual function of (i) regeneration BT and (ii) produce of extra radicals for improved FRP and CP. Analytic formulas are developed to explore the new features including: (i) the conversion efficacy (CE) of FRP is an increasing function of the light intensity, the effective absorption coefficient, and the concentration sum of each of the components, BT, Iod, amine, for transient state. However, CE at steady-state is independent to the light intensity; (ii) the trifunctional hybrid structures of BT3 leads to larger light absorption than other types of BT; it also provides more active sites for the H-abstraction in the presence of EDB, leading to high CE; (iii) the efficacy of FRP is an increasing function of the amine (EDB) concentration, in contrast to that of CP having an opposite dependence; (iv) the consumption rate of BT3 in the BT3/Iod/EDB system is slower than that of the BT3/Iod system due to photoredox catalytic cycle, and the larger initiator regeneration (RGE)in the three-component system.

Journal of Polymer Research published new progress about 10287-53-3. 10287-53-3 belongs to esters-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Amine,Benzene,Ester, name is Ethyl 4-dimethylaminobenzoate, and the molecular formula is C11H15NO2, Synthetic Route of 10287-53-3.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ester,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Sen, Anirban published the artcileMechanistically Guided One Pot Synthesis of Phosphine-Phosphite and Its Implication in Asymmetric Hydrogenation, Related Products of esters-buliding-blocks, the publication is European Journal of Organic Chemistry (2022), 2022(2), e202101447, database is CAplus.

Although hybrid bidentate ligands are known to yield highly enantioselective products in asym. hydrogenation (AH), synthesis of these ligands is an arduous process. Herein, a one pot, atom-economic synthesis of a hybrid phosphine-phosphite (L1) is reported. After understanding the reactivity difference between an O-nucleophile vs. C-nucleophile, one pot synthesis of Senphos (L1) was achieved (72%). When L1 was treated with [Rh], ³¹P NMR revealed bidentate coordination to Rh. Senphos, in the presence of rhodium, catalyzes the AH of Methyl-2-acetamido-3-phenylacrylate and discloses an unprecedented turn over frequency of 2289, along with excellent enantio-selectivity (92%). The generality is demonstrated by hydrogenating an array of alkenes. The AH operates under mild conditions of 1-2 bar H₂ pressure, at room temperature The practical relevance of L1 is demonstrated by scaling-up the reaction to 1 g and by synthesizing DOPA, a drug widely employed for the treatment of Parkinson’s disease. Computational insights indicate that the R isomer is preferred by 3.8 kcal/mol over the S isomer.

European Journal of Organic Chemistry published new progress about 617-52-7. 617-52-7 belongs to esters-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Alkenyl,Aliphatic hydrocarbon chain,Ester, name is Dimethyl itaconate, and the molecular formula is C12H15NO, Related Products of esters-buliding-blocks.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ester,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Balcerak, Alicja published the artcileNovel photoinitiators based on difluoroborate complexes of squaraine dyes for radical polymerization of acrylates upon visible light, Recommanded Product: Ethyl 4-dimethylaminobenzoate, the publication is Polymer Chemistry (2022), 13(2), 220-234, database is CAplus.

The present article describes the efficiency of novel two-component photoinitiators based on a typical squaraine dye and its difluoroborate analogs for the radical polymerization of acrylate monomers. The role of photosensitizers in photoinitiating systems was played by squaraine derivatives, such as 2,4- bis (3,5-dimethylpyrrol-2-yl)squaraine (PSQ1) and 2,4- bis (4-ethyl-3,5-dimethylpyrrol-2-yl)squaraine (PSQ2) and difluoroborate complexes of these compounds, such as BPSQ1 and BPSQ2, named BODIPY dyes. These dyes absorb radiation in visible region of the spectrum, from 400 nm to 600 nm and show high molar absorption coefficients of about 10⁵ dm³ mol^-1 cm^-1. Therefore, they may be used as sensitizers, e.g. in photopolymerization experiments The synthesized dyes were combined with various co-initiators and used as visible-light photoinitiators for the radical polymerization of 2-ethyl-2-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-propanediol triacrylate (TMPTA). The proposed systems show different photoinitiation abilities, which are related to the structure of both sensitizer and co-initiator and the concentration of applied photoinitiator. Novel derivatives of squaric acid could be the starting point for the design of new photoinitiating systems for radical and cationic polymerization based on squaraine dyes.

Polymer Chemistry published new progress about 10287-53-3. 10287-53-3 belongs to esters-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Amine,Benzene,Ester, name is Ethyl 4-dimethylaminobenzoate, and the molecular formula is C11H15NO2, Recommanded Product: Ethyl 4-dimethylaminobenzoate.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ester,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Kaisarly, Dalia published the artcileEffects of application method on shrinkage vectors and volumetric shrinkage of bulk-fill composites in class-II restorations, Recommanded Product: Ethyl 4-dimethylaminobenzoate, the publication is Dental Materials (2022), 38(1), 79-93, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

Upon initial proximal wall construction, the favorable C-factor of class-II cavities may become unfavorable. This study investigated the application method on bulk-fill resin composite polymerization shrinkage. Occluso-proximal class-II cavities were prepared in 40 molars and bonded with a self-etch adhesive (Adhese Universal). The study groups varied according to the resin composite application: group-1: bulk application, Tetric EvoCeram Bulk Fill (TBF); group-2: proximal wall construction (TBF) and occlusal cavity filling (TBF); group-3: thin flowable liner layer, Tetric EvoFlow Bulk Fill (TEF) and bulk filling (TBF); group-4: flowable liner (TEF), proximal wall (TBF), occlusal cavity (TBF); and group-5: bulk application, SDR (3 mm) and capping layer (TBF, 1 mm). Each resin composite increment was scanned twice using micro-CT (uncured, cured 40 s) at a resolution of 16μm. Shrinkage vectors and volumetric polymerization shrinkage were evaluated and statistically analyzed (one-way ANOVA). SEM images were used to investigate the tooth-restoration interface. Shrinkage vectors differed significantly among the groups and were greatest in gp5-fl/SDR (47.6μm), followed by gp1-TBF (23.8μm) and least in gp5-fl/SDR+TBF (11.1μm). Volumetric shrinkage varied significantly with the use of SDR (gp5-fl/SDR: 2.6%) and TEF (gp4-fl/TEF: 2.5%) to TBF (gp4-fl/TEF+wl/TBF: 0.6%) in the incremental application. Building a proximal resin composite wall yielded smaller shrinkage vectors than the bulk application. Applying a thin flowable liner decreased the shrinkage vectors, even more when building a proximal wall. A thin flowable liner is recommended when building a proximal resin composite wall.

Dental Materials published new progress about 10287-53-3. 10287-53-3 belongs to esters-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Amine,Benzene,Ester, name is Ethyl 4-dimethylaminobenzoate, and the molecular formula is C11H15NO2, Recommanded Product: Ethyl 4-dimethylaminobenzoate.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ester,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Liu, Ying published the artcileEnhanced photocatalytic activity over flower-like sphere Ag/Ag₂CO₃/BiVO₄ plasmonic heterojunction photocatalyst for tetracycline degradation, HPLC of Formula: 1877-71-0, the publication is Chemical Engineering Journal (Amsterdam, Netherlands) (2018), 242-254, database is CAplus.

A novel ternary Ag/Ag₂CO₃/BiVO₄ plasmonic heterojunction photocatalyst was successfully fabricated by a precipitation method over BiVO₄, followed by light reduction The obtained composites were characterized by various measurements and the photocatalytic performances of the as-prepared composites were assessed by the degradation of tetracycline (TC) under visible-light illumination. The ternary plasmonic heterojunction photocatalyst exhibits higher and wider absorption in the visible and UV regions than the pure BiVO₄ and it displays superior performance in the degradation of tetracycline. The highest efficiency of Ag/Ag₂CO₃/BiVO₄ photocatalyst to degrade TC is up to 94.9% at 150 min. On the basis of the obtained exptl. results, the probable photocatalytic mechanism of the enhanced activity is discussed. The degradation of tetracycline is not only influenced by ^·OH, but also caused by valence-band holes (h⁺). Therefore, the improved photocatalytic activity of Ag/Ag₂CO₃/BiVO₄ is due to the enhanced absorbance under the visible light, the facilitated charge transfer and the inhibited recombination of electron-hole pairs. The likely degradation pathway was proposed on the basis of the intermediate products detected by GC-MS. Moreover, the surface plasmon resonance and the elec. field enhancement were simulated by the three dimensional finite difference time domain (FDTD) method.

Chemical Engineering Journal (Amsterdam, Netherlands) published new progress about 1877-71-0. 1877-71-0 belongs to esters-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Carboxylic acid,Benzene,Ester, name is 3-(Methoxycarbonyl)benzoic acid, and the molecular formula is C9H8O4, HPLC of Formula: 1877-71-0.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ester,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Chi, Ki Whan published the artcileA substituent effect on the palladium(II) catalyzed [3,3]-sigmatropic rearrangement of allylic esters, Safety of 3-Methylbut-2-en-1-yl benzoate, the publication is Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society (1994), 15(2), 98-100, database is CAplus.

To a solution of I( X=p-MeO,p-Me,p-Cl,m-CF₃,p-NO₂, etc.) in THF at 25° was added bis(acetonitrile)palladium(II) chloride catalysts to yield II(X as above) in more than 97% GC yield. Pseudo-first-order rate constants(k_p) were obtained by least-square method from the slope of substrate concentration vs. time; the second-order rate constants(k₂) were then calculated from a division of k_p by the concentration of catalysts. A Hammett plot of k₂ vs. σ shows a good linear correlation (s=0.977) and retardation of the reaction rate is directly proportional to the strength of electron-withdrawing ability of the substituents (ρ= -1.05). A cyclization-induced mechanism was postulated. Since the rate decreases proportional to σ, the rate-determining step is the second step in which the pos.-charged intermediate is produced,. The small absolute value of ρ is attributed to the delocalization of pos. charge over the neighboring oxygen atoms in the transition state.

Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society published new progress about 5205-11-8. 5205-11-8 belongs to esters-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Alkenyl,Benzene,Ester, name is 3-Methylbut-2-en-1-yl benzoate, and the molecular formula is C12H14O2, Safety of 3-Methylbut-2-en-1-yl benzoate.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ester,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics