Tag: 100-200

Sour beer production in India using a coculture of Saccharomyces pastorianus and Lactobacillus plantarum: optimization, microbiological, and biochemical profiling was written by Mahanta, Sachin;Sivakumar, P. S.;Parhi, Pankaj;Mohapatra, Ranjan K.;Dey, Gargi;Panda, Smita H.;Sireswar, Srijita;Panda, Sandeep K.. And the article was included in Brazilian Journal of Microbiology in 2022.Recommanded Product: 5-Hexyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one This article mentions the following:

The study’s objective was to develop a co-fermentation process with appropriate fermentation parameters to produce a sour beer (similar to a Belgium sour beer) with an ethanol content of 6-8% (volume/volume) using a coculture of Saccharomyces pastorianus and Lactobacillus plantarum. Statistical optimization was conducted to determine fermentation conditions to produce a sour beer with âˆ?3 mg/mL of lactic acid, similar to the traditional sour beer levels. Studies were conducted on the microbial dynamics and volatile compounds produced during this fermentation and aging process. GC-MS studies revealed the generation of novel bioactive compounds as well as the depletion of some volatile compounds during co-fermentation The study detailed a 5-day co-fermentation process of S. pastorianus and L. plantarum and a 21-day aging process to prepare a sour beer with biochem. properties along the lines of traditional lambic beers. The interrelationship between the two microorganisms and the biochem. changes in the sour beer fermentation process was elucidated and the sensorial attributes have been described. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 5-Hexyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one (cas: 706-14-9Recommanded Product: 5-Hexyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one).

5-Hexyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one (cas: 706-14-9) belongs to esters. Esters perform as high-grade solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers, and are one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market. Polyesters are important plastics, with monomers linked by ester moieties. Esters contain a carbonyl center, which gives rise to 120° C–C–O and O–C–O angles. Unlike amides, esters are structurally flexible functional groups because rotation about the C–O–C bonds has a low barrier. Their flexibility and low polarity is manifested in their physical properties; they tend to be less rigid (lower melting point) and more volatile (lower boiling point) than the corresponding amides. Recommanded Product: 5-Hexyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Improved synthesis of 3-methylpyrrole was written by Lancaster, Roscoe E. Jr.;VanderWerf, Calvin A.. And the article was included in Journal of Organic Chemistry in 1958.Name: Ethyl 4-methyl-1H-pyrrole-3-carboxylate This article mentions the following:

Pure 3-methylpyrrole (I) was synthesized in 37.8% yield starting with K phthalimide (II) by condensation of aminoacetone (III) with di-Et oxalacetate (IV) and subsequent hydrolysis and decarboxylation of the product, 2-carboxy-3-carbethoxy-4-methylpyrrole (V). The chief improvement is the method for in situ synthesis of III and in the improvement of the subsequent steps as well as the more complete characterization of I. II (250 g.) with 200 g. ClCH₂Ac heated gently until reaction started, the reaction allowed to go to completion at room temperature, and the product isolated gave 269 g. N-acetonylphthalimide (VI), m. 116.0-16.8° (H₂O). Concentrated HCl (150 ml.) and 75 ml. H₂O refluxed 4 hrs. with 50 g. crude VI, cooled, the pH brought to 1.5, the filtrate slowly added to 45 g. IV Na salt in 400 ml. H₂O while the temperature was maintained at 75° and the pH at 5 with small additions of NaOH solution, the mixture cooled, the precipitate removed, the pH of the filtrate adjusted to 8, the solution heated 0.5 hr. at 75°, reacidified, and separated gave 25.5 g. V, m. 195.7-6.8°. V (67 g.) refluxed 24 hrs. with 440 g. KOH in 1250 ml. H₂O, the pH adjusted to 9, cooled, and collected gave after acidification of the filtrate 42.5 g. 3-carbethoxy-4-methylpyrrole (VII), m. 152.6-3.7°. VII (22 g.) on dry distillation gave 10.6 g. I, b₇₄₀ 142-3°, n²⁰_D 1.4970, n²⁵_D 1.4949. The absorption bands in the infrared spectra of I and 2-methylpyrrole (II) were compared in a table and the infrared spectra of 12.25% solutions of I and II in CHCl₃ taken and the curves shown in figures. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Ethyl 4-methyl-1H-pyrrole-3-carboxylate (cas: 2199-49-7Name: Ethyl 4-methyl-1H-pyrrole-3-carboxylate).

Ethyl 4-methyl-1H-pyrrole-3-carboxylate (cas: 2199-49-7) belongs to esters. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits, including apples, durians, pears, bananas, pineapples, and strawberries. Esters are more polar than ethers but less polar than alcohols. They participate in hydrogen bonds as hydrogen-bond acceptors, but cannot act as hydrogen-bond donors, unlike their parent alcohols. This ability to participate in hydrogen bonding confers some water-solubility.Name: Ethyl 4-methyl-1H-pyrrole-3-carboxylate

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Oxidative rearrangement of alkynes to carboxylic acid esters by [hydroxy(tosyloxy)iodo]benzene in methanol was written by Moriarty, Robert M.;Vaid, Radhe K.;Duncan, Michael P.;Vaid, Beena K.. And the article was included in Tetrahedron Letters in 1987.Safety of Methyl 2-thienylacetate This article mentions the following:

RR¹CHCO₂Me (I; R = Pr, Bu, Ph, C₆H₄Ac-4, thienyl; R¹ = H, Me, Et) were prepared by oxidative rearrangement of RCCR¹ with [hydroxy(tosyloxy)iodo]benzene in MeOH. Hydrolysis of I gave RR¹CHCO₂H. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Methyl 2-thienylacetate (cas: 19432-68-9Safety of Methyl 2-thienylacetate).

Methyl 2-thienylacetate (cas: 19432-68-9) belongs to esters. Carboxylic acid esters of low molecular weight are colourless, volatile liquids with pleasant odours, slightly soluble in water. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides alcoholysis is another way to produce esters. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with alcohols to produce esters. Anydrous conditions are recommended since both acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with water.Safety of Methyl 2-thienylacetate

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Insight into the role of fluorinated dendrimers in ruthenium(II) catalyst for asymmetric transfer hydrogenation: The stabilizing effects from experimental and DFT approach was written by Wang, Wei-Wei;Li, Zhi-Ming;Su, Ling;Wang, Quan-Rui;Wu, Ying-Li. And the article was included in Journal of Molecular Catalysis A: Chemical in 2014.Safety of Ethyl 3-oxo-3-(thiophen-2-yl)propanoate This article mentions the following:

Bis(tetrafluorophenoxy)benzyl-based fluorinated dendrimeric esters of a nonracemic (hydroxyphenylsulfonyl)diphenylethanediamine such as I (R = 2,3,5,6-F₄C₆H) were prepared as ligands for reusable enantioselective ruthenium hydrogenation catalysts. While the enantioselectivity of acetophenone hydrogenation varied little with dendrimer generation, the recyclability varied significantly; the ruthenium catalyst derived from [RuCl₂(p-cymene)]₂ and I was used 26 times with little decrease in yield or enantioselectivity, while the corresponding first- and third-generation ligands were only able to be used fewer than ten times. DFT calculations of the ruthenium chloride and hydride complexes of the second generation dendrimeric ligand indicated that the ruthenium complexes derived from I formed well-defined semi-rigid structures which incorporated π-π stacking and hydrogen bonding interactions to stabilize them. A dendrimeric ligand incorporating a bis(tetrafluorophenoxy)benzyloxybenzoate was prepared; the ruthenium catalyst derived from it was used 15 times at room temperature with little decrease in yield and enantioselectivity, but could only be used six times at 80°, while the ruthenium complex derived from I was used 23 times under similar conditions. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Ethyl 3-oxo-3-(thiophen-2-yl)propanoate (cas: 13669-10-8Safety of Ethyl 3-oxo-3-(thiophen-2-yl)propanoate).

Ethyl 3-oxo-3-(thiophen-2-yl)propanoate (cas: 13669-10-8) belongs to esters. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits, including apples, durians, pears, bananas, pineapples, and strawberries. Esters contain a carbonyl center, which gives rise to 120° C–C–O and O–C–O angles. Unlike amides, esters are structurally flexible functional groups because rotation about the C–O–C bonds has a low barrier. Their flexibility and low polarity is manifested in their physical properties; they tend to be less rigid (lower melting point) and more volatile (lower boiling point) than the corresponding amides. Safety of Ethyl 3-oxo-3-(thiophen-2-yl)propanoate

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

5,6,7-Trisubstituted 4-aminopyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidines as novel inhibitors of adenosine kinase was written by Perner, Richard J.;Gu, Yu-Gui;Lee, Chih-Hung;Bayburt, Erol K.;McKie, Jeffery;Alexander, Karen M.;Kohlhaas, Kathy L.;Wismer, Carol T.;Mikusa, Joe;Jarvis, Michael F.;Kowaluk, Elizabeth A.;Bhagwat, Shripad S.. And the article was included in Journal of Medicinal Chemistry in 2003.Safety of Ethyl 2-(4-fluorophenyl)acetate This article mentions the following:

The synthesis and structure-activity relationship of a series of 5,6,7-trisubstituted 4-aminopyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidines as novel non-nucleoside adenosine kinase inhibitors is described. A variety of alkyl, aryl, and heteroaryl substituents were found to be tolerated at the C5, C6, and C7 positions of the pyridopyrimidine core. These studies have led to the identification of analogs that are potent inhibitors of adenosine kinase with in vivo analgesic activity. Compounds thus prepared and tested included 5,6-bis(3-fluoro-4-methylphenyl)-7-(2-thienyl)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-amine hydrochloride, 5-(4-bromo-2-thienyl)-6-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-7-(2-thienyl)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-amine hydrochloride, 5-(3-bromophenyl)-7-[6-(4-morpholinyl)-3-pyridinyl]-6-phenylpyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-amine hydrochloride, etc. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Ethyl 2-(4-fluorophenyl)acetate (cas: 587-88-2Safety of Ethyl 2-(4-fluorophenyl)acetate).

Ethyl 2-(4-fluorophenyl)acetate (cas: 587-88-2) belongs to esters. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits. Esters are more polar than ethers but less polar than alcohols. They participate in hydrogen bonds as hydrogen-bond acceptors, but cannot act as hydrogen-bond donors, unlike their parent alcohols. This ability to participate in hydrogen bonding confers some water-solubility.Safety of Ethyl 2-(4-fluorophenyl)acetate

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Improved preparation of 3-methylpyrrole. Laboratory note was written by Elguero, Jose;Jacquier, Robert;Shimizu, Bernard. And the article was included in Bulletin de la Societe Chimique de France in 1967.Category: esters-buliding-blocks This article mentions the following:

An improved synthesis of 3-methylpyrrole (I) and the N.M.R. spectra of the intermediates and product are given. Thus, 20 g. 3-carbethoxy-4-methyl-2-pyrrolecarboxylic acid is refluxed 1 hr. with 300 ml. 40% KOH, cooled, acidified with dilute HCl, filtered, washed with water, and dried to give 70% 4-methylpyrrole-2,3-dicarboxylic acid (II), m. 225°. II (12 g.) is added to 1 g. powd. Cu and heated under 50 mm. to dist. 87% I. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Ethyl 4-methyl-1H-pyrrole-3-carboxylate (cas: 2199-49-7Category: esters-buliding-blocks).

Ethyl 4-methyl-1H-pyrrole-3-carboxylate (cas: 2199-49-7) belongs to esters. Carboxylic acid esters of low molecular weight are colourless, volatile liquids with pleasant odours, slightly soluble in water. Esters are more polar than ethers but less polar than alcohols. They participate in hydrogen bonds as hydrogen-bond acceptors, but cannot act as hydrogen-bond donors, unlike their parent alcohols. This ability to participate in hydrogen bonding confers some water-solubility.Category: esters-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Formation and stabilization mechanism of β-cyclodextrin inclusion complex with C10 aroma molecules was written by Deng, Changyue;Cao, Chuan;Zhang, Yingying;Hu, Jingwei;Gong, Yongqiang;Zheng, Mingming;Zhou, Yibin. And the article was included in Food Hydrocolloids in 2022.Application In Synthesis of 5-Hexyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one This article mentions the following:

The formation and stabilization mechanisms of inclusion complexes (ICs) between β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) and five C10 aroma mols. were simultaneously investigated using exptl. methods and mol. dynamics (MD) simulation. XRD, thermodn., FTIR and NMR analyses confirmed the formation of inclusion complexes, which had a new crystal structure and better thermal stability. MD simulation based on the mol. level including mol. structure (RMSD and Rg), solubility (RDF and SASA), interaction energy (Coul, vdW and H-bonds), and solvation and binding free energy, further clarified the properties of the inclusion complexes. The aroma mols. cause conformational changes in the inclusion complexes. The solubility of the inclusion complexes was lower than that of β-CD. The main driving force for the spontaneous entrance of aroma mols. into the cavity is van der Waals interactions. H-bonds are closely related to conformational changes, interactions and solubility In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 5-Hexyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one (cas: 706-14-9Application In Synthesis of 5-Hexyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one).

5-Hexyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one (cas: 706-14-9) belongs to esters. Carboxylic acid esters of low molecular weight are colourless, volatile liquids with pleasant odours, slightly soluble in water. Because of their lack of hydrogen-bond-donating ability, esters do not self-associate. Consequently, esters are more volatile than carboxylic acids of similar molecular weight.Application In Synthesis of 5-Hexyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Copper-catalyzed N-H/S-H functionalization: A strategy for the synthesis of benzothiadiazine derivatives was written by Dogan, Sengul Dilem. And the article was included in Tetrahedron in 2017.Category: esters-buliding-blocks This article mentions the following:

A copper-mediated N-S bond-forming reaction via N-H/S-H activation is described. This reaction occurs under mild conditions with high efficiency, step economy, and tolerates a wide variety of functional groups, providing an efficient means of accessing biol. important 1,2,4-benzothiadiazin-3(4H)-ones. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-Cyanophenylisocyanate (cas: 16413-26-6Category: esters-buliding-blocks).

3-Cyanophenylisocyanate (cas: 16413-26-6) belongs to esters. Esters perform as high-grade solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers, and are one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market. Because of their lack of hydrogen-bond-donating ability, esters do not self-associate. Consequently, esters are more volatile than carboxylic acids of similar molecular weight.Category: esters-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Gold N-Heterocyclic Carbene Catalysts for the Hydrofluorination of Alkynes Using Hydrofluoric Acid: Reaction Scope, Mechanistic Studies and the Tracking of Elusive Intermediates was written by Gauthier, Raphael;Tzouras, Nikolaos V.;Zhang, Ziyun;Bedard, Sandrine;Saab, Marina;Falivene, Laura;Van Hecke, Kristof;Cavallo, Luigi;Nolan, Steven P.;Paquin, Jean-Francois. And the article was included in Chemistry – A European Journal in 2022.Electric Literature of C10H14O4 This article mentions the following:

An efficient and chemoselective methodol. deploying gold-N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) complexes as catalysts in the hydrofluorination of terminal alkynes using aqueous HF has been developed. Mechanistic studies shed light on an in situ generated catalyst, formed by the reaction of Broensted basic gold pre-catalysts with HF in water, which exhibits the highest reactivity and chemoselectivity. The catalytic system has a wide alkyl substituted-substrate scope, and stoichiometric as well as catalytic reactions with tailor-designed gold pre-catalysts enable the identification of various gold species involved along the catalytic cycle. Computational studies aid in understanding the chemoselectivity observed through examination of key mechanistic steps for phosphine- and NHC-coordinated gold species bearing the triflate counterion and the elusive key complex bearing a bifluoride counterion. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Diethyl 2-(prop-2-yn-1-yl)malonate (cas: 17920-23-9Electric Literature of C10H14O4).

Diethyl 2-(prop-2-yn-1-yl)malonate (cas: 17920-23-9) belongs to esters. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits. Liquid esters of low volatility serve as softening agents for resins and plastics. Esters also include many industrially important polymers. Polymethyl methacrylate is a glass substitute sold under the names Lucite and Plexiglas; polyethylene terephthalate is used as a film (Mylar) and as textile fibres sold as Terylene, Fortrel, and Dacron.Electric Literature of C10H14O4

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Fractionated stir bar sorptive extraction using conventional and solvent-assisted approaches for enhanced identification capabilities of aroma compounds in beverages was written by Ochiai, Nobuo;Sasamoto, Kikuo;Sasaki, Tetsuya;David, Frank;Sandra, Pat. And the article was included in Journal of Chromatography A in 2020.SDS of cas: 695-06-7 This article mentions the following:

For successful profiling of aroma carriers in food samples, a highly efficient extraction method is mandatory. A two-step stir bar sorptive extraction (SBSE) approach, namely fractionated SBSE (Fr-SBSE), was developed to improve both the organoleptic and the chem. identification of aroma compounds in beverages. The first extraction consists of a conventional mSBSE using three polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) stir bars (1stmSBSE). This is followed by a solvent-assisted mSBSE performed on the same sample using three solvent-swollen PDMS stir bars (2nd SA-mSBSE). The 1stmSBSE mainly extracts apolar/medium polar solutes with log Kow values >2, while the 2nd SA-mSBSE mainly extracts polar solutes with log Kow values <2. After this two-step fractionation procedure, either thermal desorption (TD) or liquid desorption – large volume injection (LD-LVI), followed by GC-MS is performed on each set of three stir bars. A real-life sample of roasted green tea was used for method development. The performance of the Fr-SBSE method is further illustrated with sensory evaluations and GC-MS anal. for a stout beer sample. Compared to an extraction procedure with SA-mSBSE only, Fr-SBSE including a 1stmSBSE and a 2nd SA-mSBSE reduced co-elution of aroma compounds in the chromatograms and was capable of providing improved mass spectral quality for identification of 17 addnl. compounds in roasted green tea, and 12 addnl. compounds in stout beer, resp. Moreover, odor description and characterization were clearly improved. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 5-Ethyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one (cas: 695-06-7SDS of cas: 695-06-7).

5-Ethyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one (cas: 695-06-7) belongs to esters. Volatile esters with characteristic odours are used in synthetic flavours, perfumes, and cosmetics. Certain volatile esters are used as solvents for lacquers, paints, and varnishes. Esters are more polar than ethers but less polar than alcohols. They participate in hydrogen bonds as hydrogen-bond acceptors, but cannot act as hydrogen-bond donors, unlike their parent alcohols. This ability to participate in hydrogen bonding confers some water-solubility.SDS of cas: 695-06-7

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics