Tag: 100-200

Reaction of silyl enol ethers with arenediazonium salts. Part 2. α-Amination of esters was written by Sakakura Toshiyasu;Hara, Masayasu;Tanaka, Masato. And the article was included in Journal of the Chemical Society, Perkin Transactions 1: Organic and Bio-Organic Chemistry (1972-1999) in 1994.HPLC of Formula: 19432-68-9 This article mentions the following:

Diazonium salts efficiently serve as electrophilic aminating reagents of esters. The reaction of arenediazonium tetrafluoroborates with ketene silyl ketals yielded α-azo or α-hydrazono esters in good to excellent yields under very mild conditions. Hydrogenation of those esters gave α-amino esters quant. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Methyl 2-thienylacetate (cas: 19432-68-9HPLC of Formula: 19432-68-9).

Methyl 2-thienylacetate (cas: 19432-68-9) belongs to esters. Esters typically have a pleasant smell; those of low molecular weight are commonly used as fragrances and are found in essential oils and pheromones. Because of their lack of hydrogen-bond-donating ability, esters do not self-associate. Consequently, esters are more volatile than carboxylic acids of similar molecular weight.HPLC of Formula: 19432-68-9

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Supplementation with Bifidobacterium breve BR03 and B632 strains improved insulin sensitivity in children and adolescents with obesity in a cross-over, randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial was written by Solito, Arianna;Bozzi Cionci, Nicole;Calgaro, Matteo;Caputo, Marina;Vannini, Lucia;Hasballa, Iderina;Archero, Francesca;Giglione, Enza;Ricotti, Roberta;Walker, Gillian Elisabeth;Petri, Antonella;Agosti, Emanuela;Bellomo, Giorgio;Aimaretti, Gianluca;Bona, Gianni;Bellone, Simonetta;Amoruso, Angela;Pane, Marco;Di Gioia, Diana;Vitulo, Nicola;Prodam, Flavia. And the article was included in Clinical Nutrition in 2021.COA of Formula: C6H12O2 This article mentions the following:

Variations in gut microbiota might impact metabolism leading to body weight excess. We assessed the impact of a probiotic supplementation in pediatric obesity on weight, metabolic alterations, selected gut microbial groups, and functionality.Cross-over, double-blind, randomized control trial (BIFI-OBESE trial; NCT03261466). 101 youths (6-18 years, Tanner stage �) with obesity and insulin-resistance on diet were randomized to 2 x 109 CFU/AFU/day of Bifidobacterium breve BR03 (DSM 16604) and B. breve B632 (DSM 24706) (51) or placebo (50) for 8 wk with a 4-wk wash-out period.All subjects (M/F 54/47) completed the first 8 wk, and 82 (M/F 43/39) the last part without adverse events. Mixed-effects models revealed a carry-over effect on many variables in the entire study, narrowing the anal. to the first 8 wk before the wash-out periods. All subjects improved metabolic parameters, and decreased weight and Escherichia coli counts. Probiotics improved insulin sensitivity at fasting (QUICKI, 0.013 CI95%0.0-0.03) and during OGTT (ISI, 0.654 CI95%-0.11-1.41). Cytokines, GLP1, and target microbial counts did not vary. Of 25 SCFAs, acetic acid and acetic acid pentyl-ester relative abundance remained stable in the probiotics, while increased in the placebo (p < 0.02). A signature of five butanoic esters identified three clusters, one of them had better glucose responses during probiotics.An 8 wk treatment with B. breve BR03 and B632 had beneficial effects on insulin sensitivity in youths with obesity. Microbiota functionality could influence metabolic answers to probiotics. Long-term studies to confirm and enrich our findings are justified. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Methyl2-methylbutyrate (cas: 868-57-5COA of Formula: C6H12O2).

Methyl2-methylbutyrate (cas: 868-57-5) belongs to esters. Volatile esters with characteristic odours are used in synthetic flavours, perfumes, and cosmetics. Certain volatile esters are used as solvents for lacquers, paints, and varnishes. Many esters have the potential for conformational isomerism, but they tend to adopt an s-cis (or Z) conformation rather than the s-trans (or E) alternative, due to a combination of hyperconjugation and dipole minimization effects. The preference for the Z conformation is influenced by the nature of the substituents and solvent, if present. Lactones with small rings are restricted to the s-trans (i.e. E) conformation due to their cyclic structure.COA of Formula: C6H12O2

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

β-(Trifluoromethyl)vinyl Sulfonium Salts: Preparation and Reactions with Active Methylene and Methenyl Compounds was written by Lin, Hao;Shen, Qilong;Lu, Long. And the article was included in Journal of Organic Chemistry in 2011.COA of Formula: C9H10O3S This article mentions the following:

Two trifluoromethyl-substituted building blocks β-(trifluoromethyl)vinyl sulfonium salts I and II were developed. Reactions of β-(trifluoromethyl)vinyl sulfonium salt I with active methylene compounds containing electron-withdrawing groups using DBU as the base in DMSO occurred to give trifluoromethyl-substituted cyclopropane derivatives, e.g., III, as the major products. In contrast, reactions of β-(trifluoromethyl)vinyl sulfonium salt II with active methylene compounds occurred with the migration of one of the electron-withdrawing groups to give the products, e.g., IV, as the major products when NaH was used as the base in DMSO. Moreover, when NaH was used as base in THF/CH₂Cl₂ at -78 °C, reaction of β-(trifluoromethyl)vinyl sulfonium salt I gave trifluoromethyl-substituted 2,3-dihydrofuran derivatives, e.g., V, as the major products. A working mechanism was proposed to explain the different behaviors of the β-(trifluoromethyl)vinyl sulfonium salts I or II with active methylene compounds under these different conditions. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Ethyl 3-oxo-3-(thiophen-2-yl)propanoate (cas: 13669-10-8COA of Formula: C9H10O3S).

Ethyl 3-oxo-3-(thiophen-2-yl)propanoate (cas: 13669-10-8) belongs to esters. Esters perform as high-grade solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers, and are one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market. Polyesters are important plastics, with monomers linked by ester moieties. Because of their lack of hydrogen-bond-donating ability, esters do not self-associate. Consequently, esters are more volatile than carboxylic acids of similar molecular weight.COA of Formula: C9H10O3S

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Direct C-H Arylation of Heteroarenes with Copper Impregnated on Magnetite as a Reusable Catalyst: Evidence for CuO Nanoparticle Catalysis in Solution was written by Vasquez-Cespedes, Suhelen;Chepiga, Kathryn M.;Moeller, Nadja;Schaefer, Andreas H.;Glorius, Frank. And the article was included in ACS Catalysis in 2016.Category: esters-buliding-blocks This article mentions the following:

A reusable copper-based catalyst system was employed for the direct arylation of electron-rich heteroarenes. Under mild and operationally simple reaction conditions good yields and selectivities were obtained using diaryliodonium salts as coupling partners. A combination of exptl. methods including kinetic studies, filtration tests, and a series of anal. tools (TXRF, ICP-MS, SEM, XPS, TEM, EFTEM) provide evidence for catalytically active soluble nanoparticles formed from an amorphous heterogeneous precursor. Mechanistic studies hint at a redox-neutral process which promotes counterion dissociation from the diaryliodonium salt by a copper(II) oxide species. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Methyl 2-thienylacetate (cas: 19432-68-9Category: esters-buliding-blocks).

Methyl 2-thienylacetate (cas: 19432-68-9) belongs to esters. Carboxylic acid esters of low molecular weight are colourless, volatile liquids with pleasant odours, slightly soluble in water. Esters contain a carbonyl center, which gives rise to 120° C–C–O and O–C–O angles. Unlike amides, esters are structurally flexible functional groups because rotation about the C–O–C bonds has a low barrier. Their flexibility and low polarity is manifested in their physical properties; they tend to be less rigid (lower melting point) and more volatile (lower boiling point) than the corresponding amides. Category: esters-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling of sterically demanding boronic acids with α-bromocarbonyl compounds was written by Zimmermann, Bettina;Dzik, Wojciech I.;Himmler, Thomas;Goossen, Lukas J.. And the article was included in Journal of Organic Chemistry in 2011.Application In Synthesis of Ethyl 2-(4-fluorophenyl)acetate This article mentions the following:

A catalyst system generated in situ from Pd(dba)₂ and tri(o-tolyl)phosphine mediates the coupling of arylboronic acids with alkyl α-bromoacetates under formation of arylacetic acid esters at unprecedented low loadings. The new protocol, which involves potassium fluoride as the base and catalytic amounts of benzyltriethylammonium bromide as a phase transfer catalyst, is uniquely effective for the synthesis of sterically demanding arylacetic acid derivatives In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Ethyl 2-(4-fluorophenyl)acetate (cas: 587-88-2Application In Synthesis of Ethyl 2-(4-fluorophenyl)acetate).

Ethyl 2-(4-fluorophenyl)acetate (cas: 587-88-2) belongs to esters. Esters are also usually derived from carboxylic acids. It may also be obtained by reaction of acid anhydride or acid halides with alcohols or by the reaction of salts of carboxylic acids with alkyl halides. Esterification is the general name for a chemical reaction in which two reactants (typically an alcohol and an acid) form an ester as the reaction product. Esters are common in organic chemistry and biological materials.Application In Synthesis of Ethyl 2-(4-fluorophenyl)acetate

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Simultaneous Determination of Methyl Nicotinate and Three Salicylic Acid Derivatives in Pain Relief Spray Using HPLC-DAD was written by Ali, Hazim M.. And the article was included in Separations in 2022.Electric Literature of C9H10O3 This article mentions the following:

For the first time, the high-performance liquid chromatog.-diode array detector (HPLC-DAD) approach was operated for the simultaneous assessment of Me nicotinate (MN), Me salicylate (MS), Et salicylate (ES) and 2-hydroxyethyl salicylate (HES) in one pharmaceutical formulation. The limits of detection of MN, HES, MS and ES were found to be 0.0144, 0.0455, 0.0087 and 0.0061μg/mL. The recovery percentages and relative standard deviations ranged from 93.48 to 102.12% and 0.301 to 6.341% for all active ingredients. Accordingly, the previously described data demonstrate the sensitivity, accuracy and precision of the developed method. Therefore, the investigated approach was effectively applied for the simultaneous assessment of MN, HES, MS and ES in DEEP HEAT Spray. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Ethyl 2-hydroxybenzoate (cas: 118-61-6Electric Literature of C9H10O3).

Ethyl 2-hydroxybenzoate (cas: 118-61-6) belongs to esters. Carboxylic acid esters of low molecular weight are colourless, volatile liquids with pleasant odours, slightly soluble in water. Liquid esters of low volatility serve as softening agents for resins and plastics. Esters also include many industrially important polymers. Polymethyl methacrylate is a glass substitute sold under the names Lucite and Plexiglas; polyethylene terephthalate is used as a film (Mylar) and as textile fibres sold as Terylene, Fortrel, and Dacron.Electric Literature of C9H10O3

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

QSAR analysis of the partitioning of terpenes and terpenoids into human milk was written by Agatonovic-Kustrin, Snezana;Gegechkori, Vladimir I.;Morton, David W.. And the article was included in Flavour and Fragrance Journal in 2022.SDS of cas: 105-87-3 This article mentions the following:

Studies have shown that olfactory experience during breastfeeding plays an important role in the later development of certain food preferences in life. Thus, the aim of this study was to predict partitioning of odorous terpenes and terpenoids into breast milk from a predictive QSAR model for drug transfer. A large heterogenous data set based on drugs and their active metabolites that were used to build a QSAR was collected from the literature. Due to the vast structural diversity of these compounds and possibly different mechanisms involved in M/P partitioning, a non-linear artificial neural network (ANN) model was used to develop a predictive QSAR model. The value of the correlation coefficient of predicted vs. exptl. measured M/P values for the final model (14-2-1) was high (R = .82). The descriptors selected in the final model (14-2-1) belong to 3 main categories: (a) solubility/permeability descriptors (dipole moment, polar surface area, aromatic ring count and hydroxyl group count), (b) reactivity descriptors (i.e. HOMO energy) and (c) shape descriptors (different ring size counts, counts of Me groups and mol. depth). Results of this study predict that many volatile terpenes from the essential oils are transferred into breast milk selectively. The highest M/P values (>3.5) were predicted for β-caryophyllene, aromadendrene, alloaromadendrene, and 1,4- and 1,8-cineole, high values for carvacrol (M/P = 3.2), eugenol (M/P = 3.0) and thymol (M/P = 3.6), and moderate values for α-pinene (M/P = 2.3) and low values (M/P = 0.4) for phellandrene and limonene. Our model helps to explain and expand on the current knowledge of volatile compounds in breast milk by predicting that a variety of volatile terpenoids can be found in breast milk. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (E)-3,7-Dimethylocta-2,6-dien-1-yl acetate (cas: 105-87-3SDS of cas: 105-87-3).

(E)-3,7-Dimethylocta-2,6-dien-1-yl acetate (cas: 105-87-3) belongs to esters. Esters typically have a pleasant smell; those of low molecular weight are commonly used as fragrances and are found in essential oils and pheromones. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides alcoholysis is another way to produce esters. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with alcohols to produce esters. Anydrous conditions are recommended since both acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with water.SDS of cas: 105-87-3

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Use of enzymes for pellicular maceration of white grapes was written by Mazza, Giacomo;Marchi, Dora;Cascio, Patrizia;Manassero, Paola. And the article was included in Vignevini in 2004.Application In Synthesis of Ethyl 2-hydroxy-3-phenylpropanoate This article mentions the following:

White grapes of the Sauvignon and Muscat varieties were treated with different com. enzymes. The effect of enzyme addition on aromatic fraction was studied. Musts obtained after treatment with specific enzymes for pellicular maceration (Extrazina DC), showed the best organoleptic quality. The terpene fraction in the Muscat must increased considerably; in particular, higher levels of linalool, nerol and geraniol were found. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Ethyl 2-hydroxy-3-phenylpropanoate (cas: 15399-05-0Application In Synthesis of Ethyl 2-hydroxy-3-phenylpropanoate).

Ethyl 2-hydroxy-3-phenylpropanoate (cas: 15399-05-0) belongs to esters. Esters are also usually derived from carboxylic acids. It may also be obtained by reaction of acid anhydride or acid halides with alcohols or by the reaction of salts of carboxylic acids with alkyl halides. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides alcoholysis is another way to produce esters. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with alcohols to produce esters. Anydrous conditions are recommended since both acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with water.Application In Synthesis of Ethyl 2-hydroxy-3-phenylpropanoate

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Copper-mediated etherification of arenes with alkoxysilanes directed by an (2-aminophenyl)pyrazole group was written by Selvakumar, Jayaraman;Grandhi, Gowri Sankar;Sahoo, Harekrishna;Baidya, Mahiuddin. And the article was included in RSC Advances in 2016.Quality Control of Methyl 2-methoxy-4-methylbenzoate This article mentions the following:

An efficient copper-mediated etherification of inert C-H bonds of (hetero)arenes with reagent-amounts of alkoxysilanes and alkanols was developed using (2-aminophenyl)pyrazole (2-APP) as a removable directing group. The reaction was scalable, rapidly proceeded under an open atm., and tolerated diverse functional groups to provide alkyl aryl ethers in high yields (up to 87%). As an application, the formal synthesis of anti-emetic drug metoclopramide was accomplished. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Methyl 2-methoxy-4-methylbenzoate (cas: 81245-24-1Quality Control of Methyl 2-methoxy-4-methylbenzoate).

Methyl 2-methoxy-4-methylbenzoate (cas: 81245-24-1) belongs to esters. Esters typically have a pleasant smell; those of low molecular weight are commonly used as fragrances and are found in essential oils and pheromones. Esters contain a carbonyl center, which gives rise to 120° C–C–O and O–C–O angles. Unlike amides, esters are structurally flexible functional groups because rotation about the C–O–C bonds has a low barrier. Their flexibility and low polarity is manifested in their physical properties; they tend to be less rigid (lower melting point) and more volatile (lower boiling point) than the corresponding amides. Quality Control of Methyl 2-methoxy-4-methylbenzoate

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Hydrolysis and Clemmensen reduction of 2-ethoxalyl-cyclopentanone was written by Mayer, R.;Buerger, H.;Matauschek, B.. And the article was included in Journal fuer Praktische Chemie (Leipzig) in 1961.Reference of 39163-39-8 This article mentions the following:

The hydrolysis of 2-ethoxalylcyclopentanone (I) yielded either nearly 100% 2-oxocyclopentylideneglycolic acid (II) or with ring cleavage 60% HO₂CCO(CH₂)₄CO₂H (III). Clemmensen reduction of II yielded about 50% 2-oxocyclopentylacetic acid (IV), reduced only under rigorous conditions to cyclopentylacetic acid (V). These results showed that highly enolized α-oxo esters were not, as previously assumed, reduced to α-hydroxy esters, but to the corresponding carboxylic acid esters; this was confirmed by the smooth conversion of 2,5-diethoxalylcyclopentanone (VI) to 2,5-bis(carboxymethyl)cyclopentanone (VII). Cyclopentanone (270 g.) condensed with 438 g. (CO₂Et)₂ and 69 g. Na in 1200 cc. EtOH yielded 245-295 g. I, b_1.3 106°, m. 31-2° (all m.ps. corrected). I (40 g.) added dropwise at 5° to 40 g. K0H in 7 cc. H₂O and 70 cc. EtOH, the mixture diluted with 500 cc. H₂O, acidified with cooling with HCl, and extracted with Et₂O gave 27.34 g. II, m. 63.5-64°, red with aqueous FeCl₃. II pyrolyzed yielded with elimination of CO and CO₂ 8% cyclopentanone. I (18.4 g.) and excess 30% aqueous-alc. KOH refluxed 3 hrs. and steam distilled gave about 4 g. 2-cyclopentylidenecyclopentanone, b₇₅₉ 252-3°, also obtained (3 g.) (b₇₅₀ 251-2°, n²⁰_D 1.5178) from 15.6 g. II. I (9.2 g.), 10 cc. concentrated HCl, and 40 cc. H₂O refluxed 1 hr., washed with Et₂O, and evaporated gave III, needles, m. 94° (C₆H₆), with FeCl₃ dark yellow-olive-green changing to violet, wine-red, and finally nearly colorless. III in 80% H₂SO₄ heated gave nearly 100% adipic acid. III in MeOH heated a few min. with 2,4-(O₂N)₂C₆H₃NHNH₂, acidified with concentrated HCl, refluxed 2 min., and cooled gave the 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazone, yellow leaflets, m. 138° (EtOH). II (20 g.), 20 cc. concentrated HCl, and 200 cc. H₂O refluxed 1 hr. and evaporated yielded III, m. 94° (C₆H₆). I (46 g.) and 150 g. amalgamated Zn granules in 300 cc. 1:2 HCl-H₂O refluxed 5 hrs., extracted with Et₂O, the extract reeextd. with aqueous Na₂CO₃, the alk. extracted acidified with HCl, extracted with Et₂O, and the residue from the extract chromatographed on silica gel gave 6 g. IV, b₁₆ 185-90°, m. 50-2° (petr. ether); the original Et₂O phase evaporated and the residue chromatographed on silica gel gave 0.9 g. lactone IV; in an attached cold trap were condensed some C₂H₄, cyclopentene, and cyclopentane. II (15.6 g.) and 60 g. amalgamated Zn granules in 120 cc. 1:2 HCl-H₂O refluxed 3 hrs. and worked up gave 7.2 g. IV, m. 50-1° (petr. ether). IV (7 g.), 50 g. amalgamated Zn, and 400 cc. 6N HCl refluxed 10 hrs., extracted with Et₂O, the extract reextracted with aqueous Na₂CO₃, the aqueous extract acidified with HCl, and the product isolated with Et₂O gave 4.5 g. V, yellow oil, b₁₁ 120°. VI (57 g.) and 240 g. amalgamated Zn in 720 cc. 1:2 HCl-H₂O refluxed 8 hrs., filtered hot, saturated with Na₂SO₄, and extracted with Et₂O gave 20 g. VII, m. 175-6° (EtOAc). In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Ethyl 2-oxo-2-(2-oxocyclopentyl)acetate (cas: 39163-39-8Reference of 39163-39-8).

Ethyl 2-oxo-2-(2-oxocyclopentyl)acetate (cas: 39163-39-8) belongs to esters. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides alcoholysis is another way to produce esters. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with alcohols to produce esters. Anydrous conditions are recommended since both acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with water.Reference of 39163-39-8

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics