Category: esters-buliding-blocks

Alexandre da Silva, Vivaldo Jr. published the artcileEffect of supercritical carbon dioxide over the esterification of levulinic acid with ethanol using montmorillonite K10 as catalyst, Formula: C7H12O3, the main research area is carbon dioxide levulinic acid ethanol montmorillonite catalyst.

Alkyl levulinates are green chems. that have the ability to modify phys. properties of both gasoline and diesel, which makes their use as fuel additives of great importance. An interesting route for their production is the Et esterification using solid catalysts, which still needs improvement. The use of supercritical CO2 (scCO2) as solvent may enhance the reaction yield, in such a way that the objective of this work was to combine the use of a solid catalyst (montmorillonite K10) and scCO2 to achieve the esterification of levulinic acid to obtain Et levulinate. Moreover, understanding the relationship between the amount of CO2, reactants and the catalyst can be a key to determine how scCO2 works in this type of reaction. The results obtained after a systematic study have shown that the combined effect of scCO2 and montmorillonite K10 allow the obtainment of 90.9 % of conversion after 126 min of reaction at 180 °C, with a molar ratio of 6:1 and 10 wt% of catalyst, while reactions performed using the same conditions and without scCO2 provided 82.9 % of conversion after 138 min. Furthermore, the presence of scCO2 also helped montmorillonite K10 to retain its catalytic activity after 4 reuse cycles, while under the absence of scCO2, a decrease in the levulinic acid conversion was already observed in the first reuse cycle. The results presented in this work are a step further for the use of montmorillonite K10 along with scCO2 in industrial scale.

Journal of CO2 Utilization published new progress about Gasoline Role: PRP (Properties), TEM (Technical or Engineered Material Use), USES (Uses). 539-88-8 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Ethyl 4-oxopentanoate, and the molecular formula is C7H12O3, Formula: C7H12O3.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Manzocchi, E. published the artcileFeeding cows with hay, silage, or fresh herbage on pasture or indoors affects sensory properties and chemical composition of milk and cheese, Safety of Ethyl octanoate, the main research area is milk cheese feeding cow silage herbage indoor sensory property; cheese sensory profile; dairy cow; herbage utilization method; milk sensory profile.

In European countries, silage-free feeding is an ancient tradition and has a particularly pos. reputation among consumers. In the present study, we compared grass-based forages from the same plot conserved as hay or silage or fed fresh either on pasture or indoors, and we evaluated the differences in sensory properties of milk and uncooked pressed cheese. All herbage from the first cut of a grassland dominated by perennial ryegrass was harvested on the same day and preserved either as hay or silage. The first regrowth of the same plot was used for strip grazing or green feeding indoors. Balanced by breed, 24 Montbeliarde and 24 Holstein cows were allocated to the 4 treatments. Apart from the forages, the late-lactation cows received 3 kg/d of dry matter from concentrate After 2 wk of dietary adaptation, the bulk milk of 3 subgroups, each with 4 cows, was collected. Part of the milk was pasteurized, and part was left raw and partly transformed to small-sized Cantal-type cheese ripened for 9 wk. Milk and cheese underwent descriptive sensory anal. by a trained sensory panel, as well as analyses of physicochem. traits. Volatile organic compounds of the cheeses were also analyzed. Raw and pasteurized milk from hay-fed cows had less intense odors of cooked milk, cream, and barnyard than milk from grazing cows, whereby the effect of pasteurization did not differ between herbage utilization methods. Cheeses obtained from cows fed fresh herbage (grazing and indoors) were clearly yellower than cheeses from silage- and hay-fed cows, which coincided with the color intensity perceived by the panelists. Moreover, cheeses from cows fed fresh herbage had more intense barnyard and dry fruit flavors, were perceived as creamier and having less lactic odor, and exhibited more fat exudation than those from cows fed conserved herbage. Only a few differences were observed in milk and cheeses from hay-fed compared with silage-fed cows, and those differences were far less pronounced than those of milk and cheeses from cows fed fresh herbage. In conclusion, the present study did not substantiate assumptions of clear sensory differences of milk and uncooked pressed cheese from hay-fed compared with silage-fed cows. For the first time, this study reports that the global flavor intensity of cheeses from indoor green-fed cows is similar to that of cheeses derived from cows fed conserved forages, whereas cheeses from grazing cows have the greatest global flavor intensity.

Journal of Dairy Science published new progress about Agrostis idahoensis. 106-32-1 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Ethyl octanoate, and the molecular formula is C10H20O2, Safety of Ethyl octanoate.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Yang, Lin published the artcileHighly efficient synthesis of pharmaceutically relevant chiral 3-N-substituted-azacyclic alcohols using two enantiocomplementary short chain dehydrogenases, SDS of cas: 539-88-8, the main research area is keto ester dehydrogenase catalyst enantioselective reduction; hydroxy ester preparation; ketoarene dehydrogenase catalyst enantioselective reduction; aryl alc preparation.

Two stereocomplementary alc. dehydrogenases from Flavobacterium psychrophilum (FpADH) and Flavobacterium sp. was reported. (FsADH), which showed the potential industrial application in highly efficient synthesis of a series of enantiomerically pure 3-N-substituted-azacyclic alochols. Both the enzymes showed high catalytic activity toward the model substrate N-Boc-4-piperidone (NBPO) and presented a strict enantioselectivity for the corresponding alc. products. In addition, both enzymes showed broad substrate scope, including ketoesters, acryl ketones and heterocyclic ketones. Using glucose dehydrogenase coexpressed with each of the enzymes to realize the efficient coenzyme recycling, various pharmaceutically relevant chiral 3-N-Boc azacyclic alcs. were asym. synthesized at high substrate concentrations (343.7-643.8 g/L) and low equilvelent of NADP+ (0.1 mM) with excellent enantioselectivity (> 99.5% e.e), which have met the requirements of biocatalytic processes in the industry and demonstrated the feasibility of FpADH and FsADH for industrial application in the biotransformation of chiral 3-N-substituted-azacyclic alcs. The mol. basis of the enantioselectivity and catalytic efficiency of both enzymes were revealed the by mol. docking and MD simulation anal.

Biochemical Engineering Journal published new progress about Aryl ketones Role: RCT (Reactant), RACT (Reactant or Reagent). 539-88-8 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Ethyl 4-oxopentanoate, and the molecular formula is C7H12O3, SDS of cas: 539-88-8.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Abd El-Kader, Essam M. published the artcileMetabolomics reveals ionones upregulation in MeJA elicited Cinnamomum camphora (camphor tree) cell culture, Safety of Methyl octanoate, the main research area is Cinnamomum metabolomics ionone methyl jasmonate.

Cell suspension culture offers an approach for elucidating secondary metabolites biosynthetic pathways and its regulatory mechanism. In this work, Cinnamomum camphora (camphor tree) a plant enriched in essential oil components and employed in traditional medicine for the treatment of several conditions was subjected to callus induction. Callus growth was optimized in terms of medium type and concentration of plant growth regulators, revealing that Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing 2.0 mg L-1 naphthalene acetic acid plus 1.0 mg L-1 6-benzylaminopurine yielded the best combination for callus growth. Moreover, an MS-based metabolomics approach was used to compare volatile profile of intact leaf vs. callus. Few reports in planta have addressed differences in volatiles composition between cell cultures (callus) and its original explants using such large scale anal. approaches. Headspace solid phase microextraction coupled to gas chromatog. mass spectrometry was utilized to profile C. camphora leaf volatiles with a total of 47 volatiles including monoterpenoids viz., cineole and β-phellandrene as major constituents. In contrast, callus volatile profile showed qual. and quant. differences from that of leaf tissue and with its aroma being mostly dominated by aldehydes viz., benzaldehyde. Me jasmonate (MeJA) phytohormone elicitation effect was further applied with the aim of enhancing flavors volatiles production Multivariate data analyses revealed that MeJA led to the upregulation of ionones production first time to be reported in C. comphora. This study extends our knowledge regarding ionones formation and to extend MeJA as a potential inducer of such flavor volatile class in planta.

Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture published new progress about Biomarkers. 111-11-5 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Methyl octanoate, and the molecular formula is C9H18O2, Safety of Methyl octanoate.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Menshhein, Guilherme published the artcileConcentration of renewable products of crude bio-oil from thermal cracking of the methyl esters in castor oil, Application of Methyl octanoate, the main research area is crude bio methyl ester castor oil thermal cracking.

Castor oil has been widely used as raw material to obtain compounds such as paints, solvents, rubbers, polyurethane polymers and chem. inputs. Then, one highlighted route is thermal cracking of castor oil to produce bio-oil, mainly composed of heptaldehyde and Me undecenoate, which are used as precursors of lactones in the food and beverage industry. The main aim of this study was to evaluate the separation heptaldehyde and Me undecenoate by distillation of bio-oil from thermal cracking of the Me esters in castor oil (MECO). Distilled fractions were analyzed by gas chromatog. (GC). Thus, it was possible to concentrate the fractions of heptaldehyde and Me undecenoate in a section with a distillation system at atm. pressure with a distillation rate of 5.0 mL min-1 at 270°C, which motivates new researches for up-scaling of the process.

Renewable Energy published new progress about Lactones Role: OCU (Occurrence, Unclassified), OCCU (Occurrence). 111-11-5 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Methyl octanoate, and the molecular formula is C9H18O2, Application of Methyl octanoate.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Menshhein, Guilherme published the artcileConcentration of renewable products of crude bio-oil from thermal cracking of the methyl esters in castor oil, COA of Formula: C11H22O2, the main research area is crude bio methyl ester castor oil thermal cracking.

Castor oil has been widely used as raw material to obtain compounds such as paints, solvents, rubbers, polyurethane polymers and chem. inputs. Then, one highlighted route is thermal cracking of castor oil to produce bio-oil, mainly composed of heptaldehyde and Me undecenoate, which are used as precursors of lactones in the food and beverage industry. The main aim of this study was to evaluate the separation heptaldehyde and Me undecenoate by distillation of bio-oil from thermal cracking of the Me esters in castor oil (MECO). Distilled fractions were analyzed by gas chromatog. (GC). Thus, it was possible to concentrate the fractions of heptaldehyde and Me undecenoate in a section with a distillation system at atm. pressure with a distillation rate of 5.0 mL min-1 at 270°C, which motivates new researches for up-scaling of the process.

Renewable Energy published new progress about Lactones Role: OCU (Occurrence, Unclassified), OCCU (Occurrence). 110-42-9 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Methyl decanoate, and the molecular formula is C11H22O2, COA of Formula: C11H22O2.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Penrhyn-Lowe, Oliver B. published the artcileImpact of multi-vinyl taxogen dimensions on high molecular weight soluble polymer synthesis using transfer-dominated branching radical telomerisation, Application of Dodecyl 2-methylacrylate, the main research area is vinyl taxogen transfer dominated branching radical telomerisation.

Complex macromol. architectures offer innovation opportunities through the formation of new polymers with novel phys. and chem. behavior. Optimally existing com. feedstocks are used as the introduction of new small mol. chemistries may extend regulatory requirements at high expense. In a highly orthogonal synthesis strategy, we recently utilized telomerisation approaches, conventionally targeting small mol. dimerization, to generate high mol. weight branched polymers. Transfer-dominated branching radical telomerisation (TBRT) employs radical reactions, but yields branched polymers with extended backbones resembling those conventionally formed via step-growth polymerization Here we examine the impact of taxogen dimensions on the outcomes of TBRT using multi-vinyl taxogens ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA), 1,6-hexanediol dimethacrylate (HDMA) and 1,12-dodecanediol dimethacrylate (LDMA). Marked differences in gelation behaviors were correlated to the dimensions of the taxogen, notably due to the shifting balance of intermol. and intramol. branching processes occurring during TBRT.

Polymer Chemistry published new progress about Gelation. 142-90-5 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Dodecyl 2-methylacrylate, and the molecular formula is C16H30O2, Application of Dodecyl 2-methylacrylate.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Flynn, Sean published the artcileExpanding the monomer scope of linear and branched vinyl polymerisations via copper-catalysed reversible-deactivation radical polymerisation of hydrophobic methacrylates using anhydrous alcohol solvents, Safety of Dodecyl 2-methylacrylate, the main research area is linear branched vinyl hydrophobic methacrylate alc solvent radical polymerization.

Cu-Catalyzed reversible-deactivation radical polymerization of hydrophobic methacrylate monomers in anhydrous alcs. has been expanded to explore the scope of this unusual choice of solvent. A range of linear methacrylic homopolymers with well-targeted mol. weight and low dispersity (D = 1.12-1.53) have been generated in anhydrous methanol and isopropanol with relative ease. These solvents are normally considered antisolvents and employed to precipitate such polymers; therefore, our studies have assessed the polymerization reaction mixture homogeneity and extent of reaction control. Statistical copolymerizations with the bi-functional monomer, ethylene glycol di-methacrylate (EGDMA), has led to branched statistical copolymers with weight average mol. weights up to Mw = 1.76 × 106 g mol-1; subsequent triple-detection size exclusion chromatog. studies have provided insight into the impact of monomer structure on the extent of branching within the final isolated polymers. The ability to control branched copolymer mol. weights under these conditions through variation of EGDMA concentrations was seen to be highly dependent on methacrylate monomer chem. A number of factors which are likely to effect branching reactions during the polymerization of hydrophobic methacrylates in anhydrous alcs. are discussed.

Polymer Chemistry published new progress about Homogeneity. 142-90-5 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Dodecyl 2-methylacrylate, and the molecular formula is C16H30O2, Safety of Dodecyl 2-methylacrylate.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Liu, Xu published the artcileRing-contraction of hantzsch esters and their derivatives to pyrroles via electrochemical extrusion of ethyl acetate out of aromatic rings, Application In Synthesis of 140-11-4, the main research area is Hantzsch ester electrochem ring contraction; pyrrolyl ester preparation.

Electrochem. ring-contraction of HEs and theirs pyridine derivatives was developed to obtain polysubstituted pyrroles. This process provided an orthogonal utilization of Hantzsch esters for the well-documented application as side chain or hydrogen donors. The formal transformation showed an extrusion of Et acetate out of the pyridine ring in a single step. In addition to the novel transformation, this study also discovered the Lewis acid’s intermol. control of regioselectivity during an intramol. electrochem. process. The reaction provided a number of polysubstituted pyrroles that have never been accessed, including pharmaceutical intermediates and photoswitches. An unusual 4-electron continuous reduction drives the unprecedented anionic dearomatization/ring-contraction/rearomatization pathway.

Green Chemistry published new progress about Esters Role: RCT (Reactant), SPN (Synthetic Preparation), RACT (Reactant or Reagent), PREP (Preparation) (Hantzsch). 140-11-4 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Benzyl acetate, and the molecular formula is C9H10O2, Application In Synthesis of 140-11-4.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Baig, Farrukh published the artcileYeasts Influence Host Selection and Larval Fitness in Two Frugivorous Carpophilus Beetle Species, Application of Benzyl acetate, the main research area is Frugivorous larval fitness yeast; Microbes; Multitrophic interactions; Mutualism; Phytobiome; Preference and performance.

Abstract: We explored how gut-associated yeasts influence olfactory behavior and resource use in two pest species of Carpophilus beetle that co-exist in Australian stone fruits. Mol. anal. of yeasts isolated from the gut of C. davidsoni (prefers ripe fruits) and C. hemipterus (prefers overripe and rotting fruits) revealed that the predominant species were Pichia kluyveri and Hanseniaspora guilliermondii. In olfactory attraction and oviposition trials, adult beetles preferred H. guilliermondii over P. kluyveri, and follow up GC-MS anal. revealed unambiguous differences between the odor profiles of these yeasts. In contrast to behavioral trials, larval feeding assays showed that fruit substrates inoculated with P. kluyveri yielded significantly faster development times, higher pupal mass, and a greater number of adult beetles, compared to H. guilliermondii – in other words, the lesser preferred yeast (by foraging adults) was more suitable for larval survival. Moreover, while larvae of both species survived to adulthood when fed solely on P. kluyveri (i.e. without a fruit substrate), only larvae of C. davidsoni could develop on H. guilliermondii; and only C. davidsoni reached adulthood feeding on a yeast-free fruit substrate. We discuss how these findings may relate to adaptations towards early colonising of fruits by C. davidsoni, enabling differences in resource use and potentially resource partitioning in the two beetles. More broadly, consideration of microbial interactions might help develop host selection theory. Our results could pave the way to more powerful attractants to mass-trap and monitor Carpophilus pests in fruit orchards.

Journal of Chemical Ecology published new progress about Carpophilus hemipterus Role: BSU (Biological Study, Unclassified), BIOL (Biological Study). 140-11-4 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Benzyl acetate, and the molecular formula is C9H10O2, Application of Benzyl acetate.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics