Category: esters-buliding-blocks

Al-Gharibeh, Elyasa published the artcileIgnition and combustion characteristics of decanoic acid derived alkyl esters in a fuel ignition tester, COA of Formula: C11H22O2, the main research area is ignition combustion decanoate alkyl ester fuel tester.

This work investigated the combustion characteristics of decanoic acid derived alkyl esters in an ASTM standard Fuel Ignition Tester (FIT), with special emphasis on the influence of carbon number variation for the alkyl moiety within the alkoxy group on the autoignition delay times. The compounds of interest include Me, Et, Pr, and Bu decanoate. Higher carbon numbers lead to an increase in reactivity in terms of the decreased ignition delay times for Me through Pr decanoate. However, there was a small reduction in relative reactivity for Bu decanoate. With increasing air temperature, while the ignition delay times showed a monotonic reduction for all the four fuels, the maximum rate of pressure rise exhibited a non-linear variation. Specifically, the maximum rate of pressure rise was found to increase at of 700-758 K and then decrease within 758-825 K. The post-combustion peak pressures also exhibited a similar trend. This reduction in reactivity with increasing temperature correlates to the neg. temperature coefficient behavior. In addition, all the test fuels show a two-stage ignition response at the lowest oxidizer temperatures investigated. Therefore, the current experiments demonstrate the suitability of the FIT as a research tool that can be used to extract information on fuel reactivity other than the widely studied metric of the derived cetane number

Fuel published new progress about Biodiesel fuel. 110-42-9 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Methyl decanoate, and the molecular formula is C11H22O2, COA of Formula: C11H22O2.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Ghani, Naila published the artcileComparison of Photo-Esterification Capability of Bismuth Vanadate with Reduced Graphene Oxide Bismuth Vanadate (RGO/BiVO4) Composite for Biodiesel Production from High Free Fatty Acid Containing Non-Edible Oil, Recommanded Product: Methyl docosanoate, the main research area is bismuth vanadate reduced graphene oxide composite photoesterification capability.

Biodiesel has gained much more attention as an alternative and renewable energy source due to the continuous exhaustion of petroleum reserves and their inauspicious environmental effects. Non-edible feedstocks are economically viable for the production of biodiesel but the presence of higher amount of free fatty acids (FFAs) in these oils is a main hurdle for getting good quality biodiesel. This issue can be addressed through esterification prior to transesterification of oil. This work was designed to evaluate soapnut oil as a source for biodiesel production Moreover, the catalytic activity of two sunlight active photocatalysts; BiVO4 and RGO/BiVO4 was also compared for the esterification of higher FFA content present in soapnut oil. BiVO4 and RGO/BiVO4 were characterized through SEM, XRD and FT-IR. Exptl. results revealed that RGO/BiVO4 exhibited higher catalytic activity as compare to BiVO4 for the esterification of FFA under sunlight irradiation Different process variables were optimized and maximum conversion of FFA (88%) was obtained at 3 : 1 methanol to oil ratio, 5% catalyst dose, 300 rpm stirring speed and 3 h of reaction time. Esterified oil was then transesterified by using MgO-KOH heterogeneous catalyst and maximum yield (94%) of soapnut Me esters (SNMEs) was obtained at 9 : 1 methanol to oil ratio, 3% catalyst dose, 2 h reaction time, 80°C temperature and at 300 rpm stirring speed. The physic-chem. anal. of synthesized biodiesel revealed that it meets ASTM standards

ChemistrySelect published new progress about Biodiesel fuel. 929-77-1 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Methyl docosanoate, and the molecular formula is C23H46O2, Recommanded Product: Methyl docosanoate.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Yilmaz, Nadir published the artcileDetermination of the Optimum Blend Ratio of Diesel, Waste Oil Derived Biodiesel and 1-Pentanol Using the Response Surface Method, Application In Synthesis of 929-77-1, the main research area is diesel waste oil biodiesel pentanol blend response surface method.

Higher alcs. can be included as a third component in biodiesel-diesel mixtures to improve fuel properties and reduce emissions. Determining the optimum concentrations of these fuels according to the purpose of engine use is important both environmentally and economically. In this study, eight different concentrations of diesel (D), waste oil derived biodiesel (WOB), and 1-pentanol (P) ternary mixtures were determined by the design of exptl. method (DOE). In order to determine the engine performance and exhaust emission parameters of these fuels, they were tested on a diesel engine with a constant load of 6 kW and a constant engine speed of 1800 rpm. Using the test results obtained, a full quadratic math. model with a 95% confidence level was created using the Response Surface Method (RSM) to predict five different output parameters (BSFC, BTE, CO, HC, and NOx) according to the fuel mixture ratios. The R2 accuracy values of the outputs were found at the reliability level. According to the criteria that BTE will be maximum and BSFC, CO, HC, and NOx emissions will be min., the optimization determined that the fuel mixture 79.09% D-8.33% WOB-12.58% P concentration (DWOBPopt) will produce the desired result. A low prediction error was obtained with the confirmation test. As a result, it is concluded that the optimized fuel can be an alternative to the commonly accepted B7 blend and can be used safely in diesel engines.

Energies (Basel, Switzerland) published new progress about Biodiesel fuel. 929-77-1 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Methyl docosanoate, and the molecular formula is C23H46O2, Application In Synthesis of 929-77-1.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Vellaiyan, Suresh published the artcileWater in waste-derived oil emulsion fuel with cetane improver: Formulation, characterization and its optimization for efficient and cleaner production, Quality Control of 929-77-1, the main research area is cetane water oil emulsion fuel optimization cleaner production.

The present study aims to formulate the water emulsified waste-derived biodiesel with cetane improver and find its optimum concentration for an efficient and cleaner production from the diesel engines. A waste-derived Lemon peel oil (LPO) is emulsified in diesel fuel along with water, and 2-Ethylhexyl nitrate (EHN). Four levels of each parameter have been chosen for the fuel preparation The experiments are performed in a naturally aspirated diesel engine at maximum brake power conditions based on the L16 orthogonal array. A gray-relational anal. is opted to optimize the performances and emissions responses, and the statistical influence of the operating parameters is estimated based on the anal. of variance. A comprehensive study has also been conducted to understand the improvement in performance and emission parameters at the optimum level. From the results, the optimum condition of LPO, water, and EHN is identified as 20%, 10%, and 2%, resp. The water concentration in base fuel has a contribution of 65.94% on overall engine behavior, whereas the contribution of LPO and EHN is 26.72% and 7.34%, resp. Besides, the confirmation experiment at the optimum condition shows that the signal-to-noise ratio is improved by 40.8% compared to the initial best condition.

Fuel Processing Technology published new progress about Biodiesel fuel. 929-77-1 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Methyl docosanoate, and the molecular formula is C23H46O2, Quality Control of 929-77-1.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Na Rungsi, Artita published the artcileTuning the porosity of sulfur-resistant Pd-Pt/MCM-41 bimetallic catalysts for partial hydrogenation of soybean oil-derived biodiesel, Synthetic Route of 929-77-1, the main research area is sulfur palladium platinum MCM41 soybean oil partial hydrogenation catalyst.

Partial hydrogenation of soybean oil-derived fatty acid Me esters was studied using MCM-41 mesoporous silica-supported Pd-Pt bimetallic catalysts with tunable porosity under mild reaction conditions (100°C, 0.4 MPa H2, 4 h). This process produced partially hydrogenated fatty acid Me esters (H-FAME) as a new type of high-quality biodiesel fuel enriched in monounsaturated fatty acid Me esters (mono-FAME), which is a potential source for formulating high blends of biodiesel fuel with petrodiesel. MCM-41 supports with various structural properties and morphologies were synthesized by self-assembly with different amounts of ammonia solution as a mineralizing agent. Bimetallic Pd-Pt nanoparticles with a Pd/Pt at. ratio of 4 were stepwise impregnated on three MCM-41 supports, resulting in a series of Pd-Pt/MCM-41 bimetallic catalysts with tunable porosity (0.89-1.79 cm3 g-1), average pore size (3.2-8.5 nm), and particle size (0.12-0.62μm). The Pd-Pt/MCM-41 catalyst prepared with the least amount of ammonia produced the best partial hydrogenation conversion of polyunsaturated FAME into mono-FAME, ascribed to nano-aggregation resulting in a dual-pore system containing large pores for fast mol. diffusion; a high turnover frequency (1920 h-1), larger k1 rate constant (0.60 gcat-1h-1), and smaller k2 rate constant (0.37 gcat-1h-1) were obtained. Furthermore, this Pd-Pt/MCM-41 catalyst exhibited excellent sulfur resistance in the synthesis of H-FAME, even though the feedstocks contained approx. 5 ppm of sulfur contaminates. These results demonstrate that the sulfur-resistant Pd-Pt/MCM-41 bimetallic catalysts with stable and dual pore system are beneficial for obtaining higher quality BDF to reduce our reliance on fossil fuels.

Fuel published new progress about Biodiesel fuel. 929-77-1 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Methyl docosanoate, and the molecular formula is C23H46O2, Synthetic Route of 929-77-1.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Sun, Bin published the artcileSynthesis and evaluation of alkyl methacrylate-norbornene anhydride copolymers with various pendants as pour point depressants for soybean biodiesel-diesel blends, SDS of cas: 142-90-5, the main research area is alkyl methacrylate norbornene copolymer biodiesel diesel pour point depressant.

Adding more biodiesel in petrochem. diesel is one of the effective methods to alleviate the global petrochem. energy shortage, but the high-proportional biodiesel-diesel blends are always limited by the poor cold flow properties. To address this issue, a series of alkyl methacrylate-norbornene anhydride copolymers (CnMC-NA, n = 12, 14, 16, 18) with different molar ratios were synthesized as pour point depressants for B30 (30 vol% biodiesel + 70 vol% diesel). Results showed that C14MC-NA (6:1) presented the best depressive effects at 0.2 wt% dosage, and the cloud point (CP), cold filter plugging point (CFPP) and pour point (PP) of B30 have reduced by 3, 9 and 10 °C, resp. To further improve their depressive efficiency, nine kinds of alcs. were optimized and grafted modification with C14MC-NA (6:1). The effect of these alcoholysis modified copolymers on CP, CFPP and PP of B30 were systematic researched. Results indicated that long-chain alcs. modified C14MC-NA exhibited better depressive effects on B30 than that of aromatic alcs. and short-chain alcs. Among that, C14MC-NA-C14at 0.15 wt% dosage exhibited the best reduction on CP, CFPP and PP of B30 by 5, 12 and 15 °C, resp. Addnl., the mechanism was discussed by polarizing optical microscopy, rheol. anal., differential scanning calorimeter and low-temperature x-ray diffractometer.

Fuel published new progress about Biodiesel fuel. 142-90-5 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Dodecyl 2-methylacrylate, and the molecular formula is C16H30O2, SDS of cas: 142-90-5.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Kalu-Uka, Godwin Mong published the artcileProspects for biodiesel production from Macrotermes nigeriensis: Process optimization and characterization of biodiesel properties, Application In Synthesis of 929-77-1, the main research area is biodiesel production macrotermes nigeriensis process optimization.

The use of insects as feedstock for biodiesel production has sparsely been studied and very little is known of the fuel properties and engine performance of insect biodiesel. In this study, biodiesel was initially produced from an insect feedstock M. nigeriensis, then its physicochem. properties were characterized. The biodiesel was produced via the three-step process of lipid extraction, acid esterification (1 wt% H2SO4) and alk. transesterification (0.5 wt% NaOH). The optimal reaction time, temperature and methanol-oil molar ratio for the acid-esterification process resulted in a free fatty acid conversion of 96.58%. The volumetric yield, fatty acid Me esters content and physicochem. properties of M. nigeriensis biodiesel were analyzed using various anal. equipment such as the GC-HRMS, and 1H NMR. Anal. of the production process showed that 86.54 vol% biodiesel was obtained from M. nigeriensis oil. Further anal. showed that the biodiesel contained 96.72% fatty acid Me esters. The composition of the fatty acid Me esters was found to be 48% saturated esters and 52% monosatd. esters. The biodiesel d. (841 kg m-3), viscosity (2.32 mm2 s-1), flash point (125°C), pour point (-15°C), cetane number (51.4), higher heating value (41.8 MJ kg-1) and acid value (0.44 mgKOH.g-1) were in compliance with the ASTM D6751 standards One of the important results to highlight is the remarkably low viscosity of the biodiesel, which is attributed to the high concentration of monounsaturated fatty acid Me esters. Lower viscosity of fuel helps to improve fuel atomization and combustion efficiency, and hence lower emissions. The absence of polyunsaturated fatty acid esters also indicates that the biodiesel will have good oxidation stability.

Biomass and Bioenergy published new progress about Biodiesel fuel. 929-77-1 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Methyl docosanoate, and the molecular formula is C23H46O2, Application In Synthesis of 929-77-1.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Pereira, F. N. published the artcileObtaining a reduced kinetic mechanism for methyl decanoate using layerless neural networks, Product Details of C11H22O2, the main research area is reduced kinetic methyl decanoate layerless neural network.

Major efforts in the search for techniques for the development of reduced kinetic mechanisms for biodiesel were observed, since these mechanisms may have thousands of species. This paper proposes a reduction strategy and presents the development of a reduced kinetic mechanism for piloted jet diffusion flame of Me decanoate (MD). The strategy consists of applying the DRG, Directed Relation Graph, technique for initial reduction, and the use of Layerless Neural Network (LNN) to define the main chain and obtain a skeletal mechanism. Hence the hypotheses of steady-state and partial equilibrium are applied, and the assumptions are justified by an asymptotic anal. The main advantage of the strategy is to reduce the work required to solve the system of chem. equations by at least two orders of magnitude for MD, since the number of species is decreased in the same order.

Fuel published new progress about Biodiesel fuel. 110-42-9 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Methyl decanoate, and the molecular formula is C11H22O2, Product Details of C11H22O2.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Li, Ang published the artcileExperimental and Modeling Study on Autoignition of a Biodiesel/n-Heptane Mixture and Related Surrogate in a Heated Rapid Compression Machine, Quality Control of 110-42-9, the main research area is exptl modeling autoignition biodiesel heptane mixture rapid compression.

In this paper, ignition delay time of two kinds of biodiesel, soybean oil Me ester (SME) and waste cooking oil Me ester (WCOME) blended with n-heptane, were measured in a heated rapid compression machine (RCM). To meet the requirement of measuring high boiling fuels like biodiesel, several modifications were applied in RCM platform, which embodied in global preheating, reactant preparation, and gas dilution Along with these methodologies, ignition delay times of SME30 and WCOME30 (30% biodiesel and 70% n-heptane in volume fraction) were measured at 15 bar, within temperature range of 641-772 K. Both biodiesels exhibited typical two-stage ignition characteristics and pronounced neg. temperature coefficient behaviors. To better investigate the ignition process of biodiesel, novel surrogate fuels have been formulated including Me decanoate, n-hexadecane, Me trans-3-hexenoate, and 1,4-hexadiene, according to Chem. Deconstruction Methodol. Autoignition properties of surrogate and target biodiesel were investigated under the same conditions in RCM and good agreements have been found in point-to-point validation experiments, which verified good performance of quaternary surrogate fuels for biodiesel. Furthermore, kinetic models of biodiesel were proposed on the basis of surrogate fuels, which consisted of 4901 species and 18 669 reactions. The novel model has good predictions in ignition delay times in low-to-intermediate temperature regions measured in RCM, and the kinetic model has great potentials in revelation of autoignition mechanisms and in development of CFD applications in internal combustion engines.

Energy & Fuels published new progress about Biodiesel fuel. 110-42-9 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Methyl decanoate, and the molecular formula is C11H22O2, Quality Control of 110-42-9.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Shetye, Laukik published the artcilePoly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) synthesis in Nostoc muscorum from biodiesel industry waste: a sustainable model of bioplastic production, Category: esters-buliding-blocks, the main research area is Nostoc muscorum biodiesel industry waste bioplastic glycerol.

Poly-3-hydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyvalerate [P(HB-co-HV)] co-polymer has superior material properties than poly-3-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) and hence exhibits wide applications, especially in the biomedical industry. But the high cost of production restricts its market potential when directly competing with synthetic polymers. Hence, the current study proposes a cost-effective model of [P(HB-co-HV)] synthesis in Nostoc muscorum using biodiesel industry waste containing glycerol as the principal organic substrate. It is the first report on [P(HB-co-HV)] synthesis in N. muscorum using unrefined glycerol as a carbon source. Our findings show that N. muscorum accumulated 31.3% cell dry weight of [P(HB-co-HV)] from the biodiesel waste production media. FTIR and GC-MS anal. confirmed the polymer obtained was [P(HB-co-HV)]. Gel permeation chromatog. anal. estimates the weight average mol. weight (Mw) of the co-polymer to be 315,420 g mol-1 with a number average mol. weight (Mn) of 74,043 g mol-1 and a polydispersity index (P.D.I.) of 4.25. TGA/DTA anal. shows that its thermal decomposition temperature [Td(100%)] was 246°C and the melting temperature (Tm) was 158°C resp. The tensile strength, elongation to break, and Young’s modulus of the [P(HB-co-HV)] films were 25.8 MPa, 62.2%, and 0.98 GPa, resp. The results indicate that cyanobacteria can synthesize PHA co-polymers similar to heterotrophic bacteria. Also, the proposed PHA synthesis model envisages a reduction in the production cost of PHA co-polymer since expensive synthetic media gets replaced with cheap and readily available raw material.

Journal of Applied Phycology published new progress about Biodiesel fuel. 5405-41-4 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Ethyl 3-hydroxybutanoate, and the molecular formula is C6H12O3, Category: esters-buliding-blocks.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics