Month: December 2022

Bharte, Supriya published the artcileThe enhanced lipid productivity of Chlorella minutissima and Chlorella pyrenoidosa by carbon coupling nitrogen manipulation for biodiesel production, Synthetic Route of 929-77-1, the main research area is Chlorella lipid biodiesel carbon coupling nitrogen manipulation; Changing carbon-nitrogen content; Chlorella minutissima; Chlorella pyrenoidosa; Fatty acid methyl esters; Lipid production; Sulpho-phospho-vanillin assay.

Biodiesel production from microalgae has been researched extensively and attempted to commercialize on a large scale, but there are major hurdles in the production process like harvesting and low lipid content, which should be studied to enhance the process and make it economical. Present study aimed to improve the lipid productivity of Chlorella minutissima and Chlorella pyrenoidosa by modifying the carbon and nitrogen content of the medium. Both organisms were grown in BG11 medium for the first 6 days and thereafter grown in a modified BG11 medium completely deprived of nitrogen for 2 to 10 days. Nitrogen deprivation increased the lipid productivity of Chlorella minutissima to 20% and that of Chlorella pyrenoidosa to 17.6% by day 6. This was further coupled with carbon addition in the form of citric acid (5 g/L), sodium acetate (5 g/L), sodium carbonate (5 g/L), and sodium potassium tartarate (5 g/L), which increased the total lipid productivity of Chlorella minutissima up to 24% and that of Chlorella pyrenoidosa up to 23%. The highest lipid productivity of up to 24% for Chlorella minutissima and up to 23% for Chlorella pyrenoidosa was observed with nitrogen deprivation coupled with sodium acetate. Acidic transesterification revealed the presence of fatty acid Me esters, majority of which consisted of hexadecenoic acid Me ester and octadecanoic acid Me ester. Maximum of 3% fatty acid Me esters for Chlorella minutissima and 4% for Chlorella pyrenoidosa were obtained under nitrogen deprivation and sodium acetate as a carbon source. Thus, nitrogen deprivation coupled with sodium acetate as an increased carbon source in BG11 medium helps to increase the lipid productivity of Chlorella minutissima and Chlorella pyrenoidosa, and produces long-chain fatty acid Me esters of C17 and C19 along with C21, C25, and C29.

Environmental Science and Pollution Research published new progress about Biodiesel fuel. 929-77-1 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Methyl docosanoate, and the molecular formula is C23H46O2, Synthetic Route of 929-77-1.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Fuad Hossain, Md. published the artcileIdentification and culturing of cyanobacteria isolated from freshwater bodies of Sri Lanka for biodiesel production, Synthetic Route of 111-11-5, the main research area is Croococcidiopsis Cephalothrix Leptolyngbya methyl octanoate biodiesel Sri Lanka; Biodiesel; Cyanobacteria; Gas chromatography.

The present study was carried out to investigate cyanobacteria as a potential source for biodiesel production isolated from fresh water bodies of Sri Lanka. FAME component was identified using gas chromatog. (GC). Atotal of 74 uni-algal cultures were obtained from Biofuel and Bioenergy laboratory of the National Institute of Fundamental Studies (NIFS), Kandy, Sri Lanka. The total lipid content was recorded highest in Oscillatoria sp. (31.9 ± 2.01% of dry biomass) followed by Synechococcus sp. (30.6 ± 2.87%), Croococcidiopsis sp. (22.7 ± 1.36%), Leptolyngbya sp. (21.15 ± 1.99%), Limnothrixsp. (20.73 ± 3.26%), Calothrix sp. (18.15 ± 4.11%) and Nostoc sp. (15.43 ± 3.89%), Cephalothrixsp. (13.95 ± 4.27%), Cephalothrix Komarekiana (13.8 ± 3.56%) and Westiellopsisprolifica (12.80 ± 1.97%). FAME anal. showed cyanobacteria contain Me palmitoleate, Linolelaidic acid Me ester, Cis-8,11,14-eicosatrienoic acid Me ester, Cis-10-heptadecanoic acid Me ester, Me myristate, Me pentadecanoate, Me octanoate, Me decanoate, Me laurate, Me tridecanoate, Me palmitoleate, Me pentadeconoate, Me heptadeconoate, Linolaidic acid Me ester, Me erucate, Me myristate, Myristoloeic acid, Me palmitate, Cis-9-oleic acid Me ester, Me arachidate and Cis-8,11,14-ecosatrieconoic acid Me ester. The present study revealed that cyanobacteria isolated from Sri Lanka are potential source for biodiesel industry because of their high fatty acid content.

Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences published new progress about Biodiesel fuel. 111-11-5 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Methyl octanoate, and the molecular formula is C9H18O2, Synthetic Route of 111-11-5.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Fuad Hossain, Md. published the artcileIdentification and culturing of cyanobacteria isolated from freshwater bodies of Sri Lanka for biodiesel production, Formula: C11H22O2, the main research area is Croococcidiopsis Cephalothrix Leptolyngbya methyl octanoate biodiesel Sri Lanka; Biodiesel; Cyanobacteria; Gas chromatography.

The present study was carried out to investigate cyanobacteria as a potential source for biodiesel production isolated from fresh water bodies of Sri Lanka. FAME component was identified using gas chromatog. (GC). Atotal of 74 uni-algal cultures were obtained from Biofuel and Bioenergy laboratory of the National Institute of Fundamental Studies (NIFS), Kandy, Sri Lanka. The total lipid content was recorded highest in Oscillatoria sp. (31.9 ± 2.01% of dry biomass) followed by Synechococcus sp. (30.6 ± 2.87%), Croococcidiopsis sp. (22.7 ± 1.36%), Leptolyngbya sp. (21.15 ± 1.99%), Limnothrixsp. (20.73 ± 3.26%), Calothrix sp. (18.15 ± 4.11%) and Nostoc sp. (15.43 ± 3.89%), Cephalothrixsp. (13.95 ± 4.27%), Cephalothrix Komarekiana (13.8 ± 3.56%) and Westiellopsisprolifica (12.80 ± 1.97%). FAME anal. showed cyanobacteria contain Me palmitoleate, Linolelaidic acid Me ester, Cis-8,11,14-eicosatrienoic acid Me ester, Cis-10-heptadecanoic acid Me ester, Me myristate, Me pentadecanoate, Me octanoate, Me decanoate, Me laurate, Me tridecanoate, Me palmitoleate, Me pentadeconoate, Me heptadeconoate, Linolaidic acid Me ester, Me erucate, Me myristate, Myristoloeic acid, Me palmitate, Cis-9-oleic acid Me ester, Me arachidate and Cis-8,11,14-ecosatrieconoic acid Me ester. The present study revealed that cyanobacteria isolated from Sri Lanka are potential source for biodiesel industry because of their high fatty acid content.

Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences published new progress about Biodiesel fuel. 110-42-9 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Methyl decanoate, and the molecular formula is C11H22O2, Formula: C11H22O2.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Changmai, Bishwajit published the artcileBiodiesel production using a renewable mesoporous solid catalyst, HPLC of Formula: 929-77-1, the main research area is biodiesel production renewable mesoporous solid catalyst.

Heterogeneous solid catalysts have been largely developed for biodiesel production, because of their attractive acid-base properties, strong hydrothermal stability, and efficient recovery/reusability. In this framework, developing bio-waste derived heterogeneous catalysts has attracted immense attention for several catalytic applications, owing to their inexpensive, high abundance, non-toxic, and adequate acid-base properties. In the present work, we investigated the catalytic performance of a biomass-derived orange peel ash (OPA), which contains a porous structure, as a raw heterogeneous catalyst for the transesterification of soybean oil to biodiesel. About 98% conversion of soybean oil to biodiesel was obtained under the optimized reaction conditions i.e., 6:1 methanol:oil ratio, 7 weight% catalyst loading, 7 h reaction time at ambient reaction temperature, which ascribed to the presence of abundant basic sites in the developed OPA catalyst. The catalyst can be reused for five successive cycles and shows good stability towards the biodiesel production

Industrial Crops and Products published new progress about Biodiesel fuel. 929-77-1 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Methyl docosanoate, and the molecular formula is C23H46O2, HPLC of Formula: 929-77-1.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Shetye, Laukik published the artcilePoly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) synthesis in Nostoc muscorum from biodiesel industry waste: a sustainable model of bioplastic production, Category: esters-buliding-blocks, the main research area is Nostoc muscorum biodiesel industry waste bioplastic glycerol.

Poly-3-hydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyvalerate [P(HB-co-HV)] co-polymer has superior material properties than poly-3-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) and hence exhibits wide applications, especially in the biomedical industry. But the high cost of production restricts its market potential when directly competing with synthetic polymers. Hence, the current study proposes a cost-effective model of [P(HB-co-HV)] synthesis in Nostoc muscorum using biodiesel industry waste containing glycerol as the principal organic substrate. It is the first report on [P(HB-co-HV)] synthesis in N. muscorum using unrefined glycerol as a carbon source. Our findings show that N. muscorum accumulated 31.3% cell dry weight of [P(HB-co-HV)] from the biodiesel waste production media. FTIR and GC-MS anal. confirmed the polymer obtained was [P(HB-co-HV)]. Gel permeation chromatog. anal. estimates the weight average mol. weight (Mw) of the co-polymer to be 315,420 g mol-1 with a number average mol. weight (Mn) of 74,043 g mol-1 and a polydispersity index (P.D.I.) of 4.25. TGA/DTA anal. shows that its thermal decomposition temperature [Td(100%)] was 246°C and the melting temperature (Tm) was 158°C resp. The tensile strength, elongation to break, and Young’s modulus of the [P(HB-co-HV)] films were 25.8 MPa, 62.2%, and 0.98 GPa, resp. The results indicate that cyanobacteria can synthesize PHA co-polymers similar to heterotrophic bacteria. Also, the proposed PHA synthesis model envisages a reduction in the production cost of PHA co-polymer since expensive synthetic media gets replaced with cheap and readily available raw material.

Journal of Applied Phycology published new progress about Biodiesel fuel. 5405-41-4 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Ethyl 3-hydroxybutanoate, and the molecular formula is C6H12O3, Category: esters-buliding-blocks.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Kim, Seong Ju published the artcileEffect of thermochemically fractionation before hydrothermal liquefaction of herbaceous biomass on biocrude characteristics, Category: esters-buliding-blocks, the main research area is Miscanthus kenaf phenol hydrothermal liquefaction high performance liquid chromatog.

Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) of fractionated two types herbaceous biomass (kenaf and miscanthus) by dilute acid, organosolv, alk., or demineralization process was carried out under ethanol water co-solvent at 350°C for 30 min to examine the biocrude yield and characteristics. The biocrude properties were comprehensively characterized by HPLC, elemental, GC-MS, and TGA anal. Fractionation technologies before HTL effectively increased biocrude yield up to 38% compared to that of untreated herbaceous biomass (31%), except for organosolv fractionation of miscanthus, especially, HTL after alk. fractionation showed high yield and energy recovery ratio up to 70%. Elemental anal. showed that HHV of biocrude was neg. affected by hydrolysis reaction of high lignin content after dilute acid fractionation. The GC-MS anal. revealed that carbohydrates-derived compound significantly increased in the biocrude obtained after organosolv and alk. fractionation due to holocellulose increases through fractionation process. Addnl., TGA results indicated that the ratio of high-boiling-point compounds in biocrude obtained after demineralization was expanded compared with untreated due to ash removal, which could act as a catalyst.

Renewable Energy published new progress about Biodiesel fuel. 539-88-8 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Ethyl 4-oxopentanoate, and the molecular formula is C7H12O3, Category: esters-buliding-blocks.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Kim, Seong Ju published the artcileEffect of thermochemically fractionation before hydrothermal liquefaction of herbaceous biomass on biocrude characteristics, HPLC of Formula: 623-50-7, the main research area is Miscanthus kenaf phenol hydrothermal liquefaction high performance liquid chromatog.

Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) of fractionated two types herbaceous biomass (kenaf and miscanthus) by dilute acid, organosolv, alk., or demineralization process was carried out under ethanol water co-solvent at 350°C for 30 min to examine the biocrude yield and characteristics. The biocrude properties were comprehensively characterized by HPLC, elemental, GC-MS, and TGA anal. Fractionation technologies before HTL effectively increased biocrude yield up to 38% compared to that of untreated herbaceous biomass (31%), except for organosolv fractionation of miscanthus, especially, HTL after alk. fractionation showed high yield and energy recovery ratio up to 70%. Elemental anal. showed that HHV of biocrude was neg. affected by hydrolysis reaction of high lignin content after dilute acid fractionation. The GC-MS anal. revealed that carbohydrates-derived compound significantly increased in the biocrude obtained after organosolv and alk. fractionation due to holocellulose increases through fractionation process. Addnl., TGA results indicated that the ratio of high-boiling-point compounds in biocrude obtained after demineralization was expanded compared with untreated due to ash removal, which could act as a catalyst.

Renewable Energy published new progress about Biodiesel fuel. 623-50-7 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Ethyl 2-hydroxyacetate, and the molecular formula is C4H8O3, HPLC of Formula: 623-50-7.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Rosli, Siti-Suhailah published the artcileModeling to enhance attached microalgal biomass growth onto fluidized beds packed in nutrients-rich wastewater whilst simultaneously biofixing CO2 into lipid for biodiesel production, Application In Synthesis of 111-11-5, the main research area is Chlorella microalgal biomass carbon dioxide biofixation biodiesel fluidized bioreactor.

One way to reconcile an issue associating with the harvesting of microalgal biomass is via the application of attached growth cultivation mode, whereby the mature microalgal biomass can be facilely harvested from the support material. Accordingly, the objectives of present works were to model the attached growth of Chlorella vulgaris onto polyurethane foam support material in a fluidized bed bioreactor while simultaneously bioremediating real nutrients-rich wastewater and biofixing CO2 for biodiesel production The math. models accounting the impact of various interactions between light intensities and CO2 concentrations in culture medium on growing attached microalgal biomass were initially improved. The successful practicality of models was confirmed from the anal. of statistical accuracy while predicting the growth of attached microalgal biomass in real nutrients-rich wastewater. When the microalgal growth reached the stationary growth phase, all the nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorous sources of compounds) were completed impoverished, accentuating the bioremediation potentiality in satisfying the effluent discharged requirements. Subsequently, the modeling of microalgal CO2 biofixation also unveiled that the highest CO2 biofixation rate was transpiring in parallel with the growth rate of attached microalgal biomass during the exponential growth phase. Upon the harvesting, the neutral lipid from mature attached microalgal biomass was found to contain 97.7% (by weight of lipid) of fatty acid Me esters (FAMEs) mixture, heralding the biodiesel purity. Assessment of biodiesel quality showed a balance composition among the saturated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated FAMEs mixture with high in C16 and C18 FAME species for the materialization of efficient combustion.

Energy Conversion and Management published new progress about Biodiesel fuel. 111-11-5 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Methyl octanoate, and the molecular formula is C9H18O2, Application In Synthesis of 111-11-5.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Khajone, Vijay B. published the artcileBronsted acid functionalized phthalocyanine on perylene diimide framework knotted with ionic liquid: An efficient photo-catalyst for production of biofuel component octyl levulinate at ambient conditions under visible light irradiation, HPLC of Formula: 539-88-8, the main research area is Bronsted acid functionalized phthalocyanine perylene diimide framework esterification; biofuel octyl levulinate visible light irradiation ionic liquid photocatalyst.

Novel Broensted acid functionalized phthalocyanine on perylene diimide framework knotted with ionic liquid (BAFPcPDIL) was synthesized and confirmed by instrumentation techniques. DRS-spectrum and Hammett value has been determined to confirm band-gap and proton levels of photo-catalyst, resp. The photo-catalytic performance was evaluated by production of octyl levulinate (OL) using levulinic acid (LA) with n-octyl alc. (OA) under visible light irradiations. Response surface methodol. (RSM) with Box-Behnken design (BBD) with 29 experiments was applied to explore consequences of 4 crucial process variables: catalyst loading (A), molar ratio of reactants (B) and power of visible light (C), duration in hour (D) on OL yield. From the model, the optimum conditions for the utmost conversion were found as: 10 mg catalyst with (1:1) alc. to LA molar ratio under 12 W lamp, in 12 h for completing esterification reaction with 95.58% yield of OL. With optimum conditions, various alkyl esters such as Me levulinate 92.14%, Et levulinate 93.12%, Pr levulinate 91.45%, isoPr levulinate 92.38%, Bu levulinate 85.13%, n-pentyl levulinate 86.35%, n-hexyl levulinate 89.57%, CMe3 levulinate 91.58%, were successfully synthesized with excellent yields. The plausible photocatalytic mechanism of the esterification reaction was also described. The study was extended on blending of OL with diesel sample in 10-30%, found comparable result of d., kinematic viscosity, calorific values, cetane number, flash, fire and pour point of the blended samples with blank diesel sample and appreciable changes in exhaust gases of 25% blended diesel sample. Addnl., BAFPcPDIL displayed good recyclability without loss of photo reactivity after 4 runs.

Fuel published new progress about Biodiesel fuel. 539-88-8 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Ethyl 4-oxopentanoate, and the molecular formula is C7H12O3, HPLC of Formula: 539-88-8.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Mohler, Rachel E. published the artcileTowards comprehensive analysis of oxygen containing organic compounds in groundwater at a crude oil spill site using GC×GC-TOFMS and Orbitrap ESI-MS, Computed Properties of 110-42-9, the main research area is organic compound groundwater crude oil spill comprehensive analysis; Bemidji; Biodegradation; GC×GC-TOFMS; High resolution mass spectrometry; Metabolites; Orbitrap ESI-MS.

In this study, both GC × GC-TOFMS and Orbitrap ESI-MS were used to characterize the oxygen containing organic compounds, OCOCs, present in groundwater at a site where a crude oil pipeline ruptured decades ago. This is the only side-by-side comparison of results from these two methods analyzed by the same laboratory GC × GC-TOFMS anal. shows OCOCs identified at the crude oil-release site are consistent with, and structurally similar to, those identified at previously studied fuel release sites. Mol. structures close to the release point differ from those found downgradient, becoming less complex and with different compound classes dominating. As with the GC × GC-TOFMS, the Orbitrap revealed that the composition of OCOCs present in groundwater close to the source area was distinctly different from that seen downgradient; however, the chem. structures increased significantly in size and complexity from wells near the source to the farthest downgradient well. Investigation into this finding suggests that the presence and structures of these non-GC-able OCOCs are consistent with organic matter resulting from biosynthesis or other processes found in natural water systems and are unlikely to be intermediates (metabolites) along petroleum biodegradation pathways.

Chemosphere published new progress about Biodegradation. 110-42-9 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Methyl decanoate, and the molecular formula is C11H22O2, Computed Properties of 110-42-9.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics