Tag: M.W=250-300

Zhao, Peng; Cai, Zehui; Tian, Yange; Li, Junzi; Li, Kangchen; Li, Minyan; Bai, Yunping; Li, Jiansheng published the artcile< Effective-compound combination inhibits the M2-like polarization of macrophages and attenuates the development of pulmonary fibrosis by increasing autophagy through mTOR signaling>, Category: esters-buliding-blocks, the main research area is polarization macrophage pulmonary fibrosis autophagy mTOR signaling; Autophagy; Effective-compound combination; Macrophage; Pulmonary fibrosis; mTOR signal.

The M2 polarization of macrophages substantially contributes to the progression of pulmonary fibrosis (PF). Effective-compound combination (ECC), which is composed of isoliquiritigenin, icariin, nobiletin, peimine, and paeoniflorin, ameliorated bleomycin-induced PF in rats. Hence, we investigated the anti-PF mechanism of ECC with a focus on the suppression of M2 polarization in macrophages in vivo and in vitro. The PF rat model was generated via the intratracheal instillation of bleomycin. Histol. changes, M2 macrophages, and profibrotic mediators were detected. The M2 polarization model was generated by incubating macrophages with IL-4. Quant. PCR and Western blotting were used to measure mRNA and protein levels, resp. ECC attenuated bleomycin-induced PF in rats, which might be associated with reduced macrophage infiltration, M2 polarization, and profibrotic mediator expression. Furthermore, ECC significantly suppressed M2 polarization in IL-4-treated macrophages, which was accompanied by the upregulation of autophagy. An autophagy inhibitor abrogated the inhibitory effect of ECC on M2 polarization. In addition, ECC decreased the levels of p-p70S6K/p-4EBP and p-AKT473/p-GSK3β, which are critical regulators of autophagy. ECC can ameliorate PF, which might be associated with the inhibition of M2 polarization through the promotion of autophagy via mTOR signaling suppression.

International Immunopharmacology published new progress about Animal tissue. 112-63-0 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, and the molecular formula is C19H34O2, Category: esters-buliding-blocks.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Elham, Ghasemian; Sima, Sadrai; Javad, Shokri; Shahram, Sayadi published the artcile< Analytical method validation, pharmacokinetics and bioequivalence study of dimethyl fumarate in healthy Iranian volunteers>, SDS of cas: 112-63-0, the main research area is validation pharmacokinetics bioequivalence dimethyl fumarate.

Pharmacokinetic evaluation of Di-Me Fumarate (DMF) in the Iranian population wasn’t studied. So, the aim of this research is the validation of the anal. method and evaluation of the pharmacokinetic properties and bioequivalence of the generic form of this drug vs. the reference product. 2 Single-dose, test, and reference DMF products were orally administered to 24 healthy volunteers. The washout period was 28 d between the treatments. Monomethyl fumarate as the metabolite of DMF was analyzed by liquid chromatog.-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and the method was validated. Also, the pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated for bioequivalence evaluation. The anal. method was validated and linear over the range of 31.25-4000 ng/mL (R2 = 0.997). In addition, the method was precise and accurate in the low, medium, and high concentrations The results indicated that the 2 products had similar pharmacokinetics. Further, the 90% CI of the mean ratios of the test vs. the reference products of the log-transformed area under the concentration-time curve over 10 h (0.99 to 1.02) and peak concentration (0.98 to 1.03) were within the acceptable range of 0.8 to 1.25 and the generic product of DMF could be similar to that of the reference product. The applied anal. method is selective, accurate, precise, and repeatable for the anal. of monomethyl fumarate (MMF) in plasma. Also, the bioequivalence study showed no significant difference between the pharmacokinetic parameters of these 2 products. So, the DMF test product can be claimed to be bioequivalent with the reference product.

International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences published new progress about Drug bioequivalence. 112-63-0 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, and the molecular formula is C19H34O2, SDS of cas: 112-63-0.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Li, Xiaoning; Li, Yehui; Wang, Xiang; Peng, Qingrui; Hui, Wei; Hu, ·Aiyun; Wang, Haijun published the artcile< Zr-DBS with Sulfonic Group: A Green and Highly Efficient Catalyst for Alcoholysis of Furfuryl Alcohol to Ethyl Levulinate>, Electric Literature of 112-63-0, the main research area is zirconium dodecylbenzenesulfonate alcoholysis catalyst furfuryl alc ethyl levulinate; green chem synergetic effect.

The alcoholysis of furfuryl alc. (FA) produce Et levulinate (EL) plays a crucial role in the field of biomass conversion. In this work, a novel Zr-base catalyst with sulfonic groups in its structure was prepared by the co-precipitation of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate and ZrOCl2 (Zr-DBS) under non-toxic conditions. It was found that Zr-DBS has an excellent catalytic performance for this reaction and an EL yield of 95.27% could be achieved. Besides, Zr-DBS could be easily separated from the reaction system and reused at least four times without a significantly decrease in activity. Meanwhile, Zr-DBS was characterized by Fourier transform IR spectroscopy (FT-IR), powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), N2 adsorption-desorption, inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) and temperature-programmed desorption of ammonia (NH3-TPD). The main reason for the high catalytic activity of the Zr-DBS was that the synergetic effects of Lewis and Bronsted acid sites and appropriate textural properties.

Catalysis Letters published new progress about Acidity. 112-63-0 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, and the molecular formula is C19H34O2, Electric Literature of 112-63-0.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Krall, Jacob; Jensen, Claus Hatt; Bavo, Francesco; Falk-Petersen, Christina Birkedal; Haugaard, Anne Staehr; Vogensen, Stine Byskov; Tian, Yongsong; Nittegaard-Nielsen, Mia; Sigurdardottir, Sara Bjork; Kehler, Jan; Kongstad, Kenneth Thermann; Gloriam, David E.; Clausen, Rasmus Praetorius; Harpsoee, Kasper; Wellendorph, Petrine; Froelund, Bente published the artcile< Molecular Hybridization of Potent and Selective γ-Hydroxybutyric Acid (GHB) Ligands: Design, Synthesis, Binding Studies, and Molecular Modeling of Novel 3-Hydroxycyclopent-1-enecarboxylic Acid (HOCPCA) and trans-γ-Hydroxycrotonic Acid (T-HCA) Analogs>, Recommanded Product: (9Z,12Z)-Methyl octadeca-9,12-dienoate, the main research area is hydroxybutyric acid ligand preparation binding affinity structure activity relationship; mol modeling hydroxybutyric acid ligand; hydroxycyclopentenecarboxylic acid analog preparation GHB ligand high affinity; hydroxycrotonic acid analog preparation GHB ligand high affinity.

γ-Hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) is a neuroactive substance with specific high-affinity binding sites. To facilitate target identification and ligand optimization, we herein report a comprehensive structure-affinity relationship study for novel ligands targeting these binding sites. A mol. hybridization strategy was used based on the conformationally restricted 3-hydroxycyclopent-1-enecarboxylic acid (HOCPCA) and the linear GHB analog trans-4-hydroxycrotonic acid (T-HCA). In general, all structural modifications performed on HOCPCA led to reduced affinity. In contrast, introduction of diarom. substituents into the 4-position of T-HCA led to high-affinity analogs (medium nanomolar Ki) for the GHB high-affinity binding sites as the most high-affinity analogs reported to date. The SAR data formed the basis for a three-dimensional pharmacophore model for GHB ligands, which identified mol. features important for high-affinity binding, with high predictive validity. These findings will be valuable in the further processes of both target characterization and ligand identification for the high-affinity GHB binding sites.

Journal of Medicinal Chemistry published new progress about Molecular modeling. 112-63-0 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, and the molecular formula is C19H34O2, Recommanded Product: (9Z,12Z)-Methyl octadeca-9,12-dienoate.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Cook, Barry; Dingwall, John G. published the artcile< Nitric acid oxidation of 3-phosphono-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohexanone>, Formula: C19H34O2, the main research area is oxidation phosphonotrimethylcyclohexanone; cyclohexanone phosphono oxidation; alkane dicarboxylic acid phosphono.

Ammonium metavanadate catalyzed nitric acid oxidation of cyclohexanone (I) gave a mixture of the three dicarboxylic acids Me2CRCH2CMeR1[P(O)(OH)2] [R = CO2H, R1 = CH2CO2H (II), R = CH2CO2H, R1 = CO2H (III), R = R1 = CO2H (IV)] which were characterized by isolation (II) or synthesis (III, IV).

Phosphorus and Sulfur and the Related Elements published new progress about Oxidation. 112-63-0 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, and the molecular formula is C19H34O2, Formula: C19H34O2.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Hopkins, Brett Andrew; Zavesky, Blane; White, Derick published the artcile< Thioetherification of Aryl Halides with Thioacetates>, Application of C19H34O2, the main research area is thioarene preparation; thioacetate aryl halide thioetherification palladium catalyst.

A palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling of thioacetates RSC(O)CH3 (R = t-Bu, Ph, furan-2-ylmethyl, 4-methylcyclohexyl, etc.) and aryl halides R1Br (R1 = Ph, isoquinolin-8-yl, 4-phenylphenyl, cyclohex-1-en-1-yl, etc.) is described herein. Using a catalyst screening kit, tBuBrettPhos Pd G3 was found to be a unique catalyst for this reaction, affording the desired thioarene products RSR1 in high yields under mild reaction conditions. The thioacetate starting materials are readily available, allowing for quick access to these more lab friendly reagents. Reactions described herein range from the late-stage coupling of complex thioacetates to the first report of a mild set of conditions for thiomethylation of aryl halides.

Journal of Organic Chemistry published new progress about Acetates Role: RCT (Reactant), RACT (Reactant or Reagent). 112-63-0 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, and the molecular formula is C19H34O2, Application of C19H34O2.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Smith, J. R.; Campbell, S. A.; Ratcliffe, N. M.; Dunleavy, M. published the artcile< Polyheterocycles containing alkene spacer linkages. Part I. Synthesis and electropolymerization of 3-styrylthiophenes>, Reference of 112-63-0, the main research area is thickness electrode deposited polystyrylthiophene film; indium tin electrode deposited polystyrylthiophene; platinum electrode deposited polystyrylthiophene; porosity electrodeposited polystyrylthiophene film; poorly conducting polystyrylthiophene film synthesis; supporting electrolyte styrylthiophene electrochem polymerization; Hammett sigma constant styrylthiophene electrooxidation; elec potential substituted styrylthiophene oxidation; cyclic voltammogram substituted styrylthiophene.

The synthesis and electrochem. behavior of novel thiophene compounds containing a substituted Ph group separated by an alkene spacer are described. In such systems, it was proposed that the mol. geometry should allow the π-electron d. of the Ph group to be delocalized with that of the thiophene ring by means of the alkene spacer. The presence of this unsaturated linkage should also minimize steric hindrance between the two rings. A number of such monomers exhibiting a range of electronic effects were prepared and their electrochem. behavior investigated. Although films were deposited on the anode surface by electropolymerization, the conductivities were of the order of 10-6 S cm-1. The nature of the films was investigated by electrochem. and microscopic techniques. Potentiodynamic studies indicated that the alkene spacer linkage may be subject to irreversible electrooxidation Polymer redox peaks, characteristic of anion mobility within conductive polymers, were absent from the cyclic voltammograms. SEM observations showed that the films were exceptionally smooth and homogeneous.

Synthetic Metals published new progress about Electric conductivity. 112-63-0 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, and the molecular formula is C19H34O2, Reference of 112-63-0.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Rether, Carolin; Schmuck, Carsten published the artcile< Carboxylate Binding by Indole-Based Guanidinium Receptors: Acylguanidinium Cations are Better than Aromatic Guanidinium Cations>, Application of C19H34O2, the main research area is carboxylate binding indole guanidinium receptor acylguanidinium cation.

The synthesis of three new indole-based guanidinium cations 3, 4, and 16, that feature two different types of anion binding sites, either an acylguanidinium cation (3) or an aromatic guanidinium cation (4) or both (16), is presented. NMR binding studies with N-acetylalaninecarboxylate as substrate in dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) show that the acylated guanidinium cation is a significantly better anion binding site than the aromatic cation by at least one order of magnitude. Therefore, in dication 16, which possesses both binding sites, stepwise formation of the 1:1 and the 1:2 complex is observed with similar affinities for each binding site to those determined for the monocations 3 and 4. However, a more detailed anal. using isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) studies revealed that this apparent similarity in affinity is due to completely different thermodn. reasons. For example, whereas substrate binding by the acylguanidinium cation in 3 is controlled by enthalpy, complex formation by the same binding site in dication 16 is driven by entropy. Simply looking at association constants or ΔG values can, therefore, be misleading. A thorough understanding of mol. recognition events requires closer inspection of ΔH and ΔS.

European Journal of Organic Chemistry published new progress about Acid-base titration. 112-63-0 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, and the molecular formula is C19H34O2, Application of C19H34O2.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Alford, E. J.; Schofield, K. published the artcile< Cinnolines. XXXI. The nature of the 3-position. Some experiments with 3-substituted cinnolines>, COA of Formula: C19H34O2, the main research area is .

3-Hydroxycinnoline (I) (0.5 g.) and 10 cc. POCl3, refluxed 8 h., decomposed with ice and NaOH, and extracted with Et2O gave 0.05 g. 3-chlorocinnoline (II), m. 90-1°. I (5 g.), 25cc. H2O, and 0.75 g. NaOH in 20 cc. H2O treated at 95° during 10 min. with 4.5 cc. Me2SO4, then with 0.75 g. NaOH in 20 cc. H2O, stirred 20 min., extracted with CHCl3, the extract evaporated, and the residue crystallized from Me2CO gave 3.0 g. 2,3-dihydro-3-oxo-2-methylcinnoline (III), m. 135.5-6.5°, which had a green fluorescence in aqueous solution and decomposed to a tar in hot alkali. A similar experiment with 40 cc. 2N NaOH and 6 cc. Me2SO4 gave a tar which on extraction with hot Me2CO left 0.17 g. insoluble material, crystallizing from alc. or CHCl3-ligroine as the anhydro salt of 3-hydroxy-1-methylcinnolinium hydroxide (IIIa), C9H8ON2, m. 280-3°. I (0.5 g.) dissolved during 0.5 h. in CH2N2-Et2O [from 1 cc. MeN(NO)CO2Et] produced 0.27 g. III; in a similar reaction 0.5 g. 3-hydroxyquinoline (IV) formed 0.57 g. 3-methoxyquinoline [picrate, m. 220-2° (from dioxane)]. Addition of 15 cc. concentrated NH4OH during 0.75 h. to 1 g. III, 20 cc. alc., and 5 g. Zn dust at reflux, refluxing an addnl. 5.25 h., evaporation in vacuo, and crystallization from C6H6-ligroine produced 0.44 g. 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-3-oxo-2-methylcinnoline, m. 91-2.5°. Refluxing 1 g. III, 1 g. red P, and 10 cc. HI (d. 1.65-1.70) 8 h., cooling, filtering, neutralizing with NaOH, and extracting with Et2O gave 0.45 g. material from which oxindole, m. 125-6.5°, was isolated on recrystallization from H2O, C6H6-ligroine, and finally ligroine; the neutral aqueous solution from the Et2O extraction was made alk. with 20 cc. 4N NaOH and 20 cc. H2O, distilled into 80 cc. 4N HCl, and the distillate evaporated to 0.37 g. MeNH2.HCl, converted with HOAc, ο-C6H4(CO)2O, and anhydrous NaOAc to N-methylphthalimide, m. 133-5° (from HOAc or vacuum sublimation), and to the picrate, m. 208-12° (decomposition) (from EtOAc). pKa values for I (8.64) and IV (8.07) were determined in 0.002M aqueous solution by titration with 0.11N NaOH. IV (0.5 g.), 7 cc. saturated aqueous (NH4)2SO3, and 7 cc. concentrated NH4OH heated 8 h. at 130-40° gave 0.05 g. 3-aminoquinoline (V), m. 80-3° (from PhMe). I was unchanged in the Bucherer reaction. 4-Methylcinnoline, 5 cc. pyridine, and 2.2 g. Cl3CCHO, heated 2 h. at 95° and poured into H2O precipitated 3.85 g. 4-(3,3,3-trichloro-2-hydroxypropyl)cinnoline, m. 165-6° (decomposition) (from EtOH); 3-methylcinnoline (VI) did not give a similar reaction. VI.MeI (VII), m. 204-6.5° (decomposition) (from MeOH), was prepared by refluxing 1.25 g. VI, 1.25 cc. MeI, and 8 cc. EtOH 2.5 h. VII (0.36 g.), 0.25 g. p-Me2NC6H4CHO, and 25 cc. Ac2O, refluxed 2 h. at 160°, produced a small yield of a deeply colored styryl compound, C19H20N3I, m. 353-5° (decomposition) (from alc.), the color of which was destroyed by acid or alkali. 3-Bromocinnoline (VIII) (0.2 g.), refluxed 2 h. with 2 cc. POCl3, was slowly and partially converted to II; the reaction in 3 cc. POCl3 at 95° was slightly more rapid. VIII (0.25 g.) in 3 cc. 5% MeOH-KOH was reduced by refluxing 2 h. with 0.15 g. 5% Pd-C and 0.1 g. 90% N2H4.H2O, diluted with 3 cc. H2O, extracted with Et2O, and converted to 0.15 g. cinnoline picrate, m. 191-4° (from dioxane). VIII (0.5 g.), 0.06 g. CuSO4, and 8 cc. concentrated NH4OH heated 20 h. at 130-40° formed 0.37 g. 3-aminocinnoline (IX), m. 165-6.5° (from EtOAc-ligroine), obtained in the same yield from II at 160-70°. IX, refluxed 5 min. with Ac2O, gave 3-acetamidocinnoline, m. 225-6° (from H2O), but did not seem to form a diazonium salt readily. Heating 0.25 g. VIII and 0.13 g. Na in 4 cc. MeOH 17 h. at 110-20° in a sealed tube gave 0.24 g. crude 3-methoxycinnoline, m. 40-2°, isolated as the picrate, m. 155-7.5° (from alc.); in an experiment on twice the above scale with undried MeOH, the Na salt of I, m. above 270°, was obtained and converted with acid in aqueous solution to 0.25 g. I, m. 200-2°. pKa values for IX (3.63) and V (4.96) were determined in M/90 aqueous solution by titration with 0.91N HCl. UV absorption spectra (λmaximum and λmin., and log ε values given) of I, II, III, IV, and IX in 95% MeOH, 0.01N NaOH, and 0.01N HCl and of I in H2O and IV in 95% EtOH are reported. The evidence for lactam-lactim tautomerism in I and other interaction between the N-2 and the C-3 substituents is discussed.

Journal of the Chemical Society published new progress about Ionization. 112-63-0 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, and the molecular formula is C19H34O2, COA of Formula: C19H34O2.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Wu, Jiarui; Zhang, Li; Chen, Ying; Tan, Jianbo published the artcile< Linear and Star Block Copolymer Nanoparticles Prepared by Heterogeneous RAFT Polymerization Using an ω,ω-Heterodifunctional Macro-RAFT Agent>, Category: esters-buliding-blocks, the main research area is linear star block copolymer nanoparticle heterodifunctional macro RAFT agent.

Herein, an ω,ω-heterodifunctional macromol. reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (macro-RAFT) agent containing two different RAFT end groups was synthesized and employed to mediate aqueous photoinitiated RAFT dispersion polymerization of a methacrylic monomer. Because of the different RAFT controllability of two RAFT end groups toward methacrylic monomers, the RAFT end group with good controllability dominated the polymerization while the other RAFT end group with poor controllability was unreacted, leading to the formation of linear block copolymers. Because of the unique structure of the linear block copolymers, a diverse set of block copolymer nanoparticles with rich RAFT groups at the interface of the hydrophilic corona/the hydrophobic core were successfully prepared Finally, μ-A(BC)C agent star block copolymer nanoparticles were prepared by RAFT seeded emulsion polymerization of an acrylic monomer, which enables the further morphol. control over polymer nanoparticles. We believe that the utilization of an ω,ω-heterodifunctional macro-RAFT agent in heterogeneous RAFT polymerization will offer considerable opportunities for the rational synthesis of well-defined mol. architectures and polymer nanoparticles.

ACS Macro Letters published new progress about Branched polymers, star-branched Role: NAN (Nanomaterial), PRP (Properties), SPN (Synthetic Preparation), PREP (Preparation) (miktoarm). 112-63-0 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, and the molecular formula is C19H34O2, Category: esters-buliding-blocks.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics