Tag: M.W=200-250

Morisawa, Yasuhiro published the artcileStudies on anticoccidial agents. 10. Synthesis and anticoccidial activity of 5-nitronicotinamide and its analogs, Formula: C9H10N2O4, the main research area is coccidiostat nitronicotinamide derivative; nicotinamide derivative anticoccidial.

5-Nitronicotinamide [1462-88-0] and 12 derivatives (I: R1 = H, Cl, Me, OMe, OEt, OPr, OCH2PH, OPh, NHEt, NEt2, NHCH2Ph; R2 = H, Me; R3 = H, Me) were prepared and the parent compound (I; R1 = R2 = R3 = H) and the 2-methyl (I; R1 = Me, R2 = R3 = H) [27715-68-0] and 4-methyl (I; R1 = R3 = H, R2 = Me) [60524-53-0] derivatives had marked to excellent activity against Eimeria tenella, while the 6-methyl derivative (I; R1 = R2 = H, R3 = Me) [60524-54-1] had only slight activity. Of 67 N-substituted derivatives of 5-nitronicotinamide, 21 showed excellent coccidiostatic effects, with optimal activity associated with the N-lower alkyl, alkanoyl, alkenoyl, and aromatic acyl derivatives 5-Nitronicotinamide was prepared from 5-bromonicotinoyl chloride by treatment with NH3 followed by oxidation with fuming H2SO4 and 30% H2O2, while the amide N-substituted derivatives were prepared by conventional means.

Journal of Medicinal Chemistry published new progress about Coccidiosis. 51984-71-5 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Ethyl 2-methyl-5-nitro-3-pyridinecarboxylate, and the molecular formula is C9H10N2O4, Formula: C9H10N2O4.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Hwang, Jee-hyun published the artcileEmployment of cytology for in vitro skin irritation test using a reconstructed human epidermis model, Keraskin, Application In Synthesis of 6259-76-3, the main research area is skin irritation epidermis irritant model Keraskin; Cytology; Dermal toxicity; Reconstructed human epidermis model; Skin irritation.

Skin irritation tests using reconstructed human epidermis (RhE) employ viability as an endpoint, but color interference or borderline results are often problematic. We examined whether the cytol. of cells from treated RhE could determine skin irritancy. Six chems. (three irritants; DnP, 1-B, PH, three non-irritants; DP, APA, HS) were evaluated in a RhE, Keraskin. DP, HS, and PH were clearly classified with viability, but DnP, 1-B, and APA were often falsely determined, due to borderline values falling near the cutoff, 50%. In histol., the tissues treated with DnP, 1-B, and PH showed erosion of the stratum corneum, vacuolization, and necrosis in the basal layer. DP- and HS-treated tissues showed relatively normal morphol. but APA induced necrosis similar to irritants. Cytol. revealed that DnP, 1-B or PH depleted cells and induced irregular and abnormal cell shapes. In contrast, relatively regular and normal shapes and clear distinction between the nucleus and cytoplasm was observed for DP, APA and HS. To further confirm it, addnl. 10 substances, including false positives from OECD TG 439, were tested. Overall (16 substances in total), cytol.: total area predicted the skin irritancy of test chems. with the highest accuracy (87.5%) followed by cytol.: cell count (81.3%), histol. (75%) and viability (68.8%), confirming the utility of cytol. as an alternative endpoint in the skin irritation test using RhE.

Toxicology In Vitro published new progress about Cytotoxicity. 6259-76-3 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Hexyl 2-hydroxybenzoate, and the molecular formula is C13H18O3, Application In Synthesis of 6259-76-3.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Zeng, Lin published the artcileComparative Analysis of Volatile Compounds in Tieguanyin with Different Types Based on HS-SPME-GC-MS, Application In Synthesis of 6259-76-3, the main research area is Tieguanyin volatile compound HSSPME GCMS comparative analysis; Tieguanyin; aroma; oolong tea; volatile compounds.

Tieguanyin (TGY) is one kind of oolong tea that is widely appreciated for its aroma and taste. To study the difference of volatile compounds among different types of TGY and other oolong teas, solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatog.-mass spectrometry and chemometrics anal. were conducted in this experiment Based on variable importance in projection > 1 and aroma character impact > 1, the contents of heptanal (1.60-2.79μg/L), (E,E)-2,4-heptadienal (34.15-70.68μg/L), (E)-2-octenal (1.57-2.94μg/L), indole (48.44-122.21μg/L), and (E)-nerolidol (32.64-96.63μg/L) in TGY were higher than in other varieties. With the increase in tea fermentation, the total content of volatile compounds decreased slightly, mainly losing floral compounds Heavily fermented tea contained a higher content of monoterpenoids, whereas low-fermentation tea contained higher contents of sesquiterpenes and indole, which could well distinguish the degree of TGY fermentation Besides, the volatiles anal. of different grades of TGY showed that the special-grade tea contained more aroma compounds, mainly alcs. (28%). (E,E)-2,4-Heptadienal, (E)-2-octenal, benzeneacetaldehyde, and (E)-nerolidol were the key volatile compounds to distinguish different grades of TGY. The results obtained in this study could help enrich the theor. basis of aroma substances in TGY.

Foods published new progress about Fermentation. 6259-76-3 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Hexyl 2-hydroxybenzoate, and the molecular formula is C13H18O3, Application In Synthesis of 6259-76-3.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Fusco, Laura published the artcileSkin irritation potential of graphene-based materials using a non-animal test, Formula: C13H18O3, the main research area is graphene based material skin irritation potential health hazard.

Besides inhalation, skin contact may be considered one of the most relevant exposure routes to graphene-based materials (GBMs). However, very few data on the cutaneous toxicity of these materials are available, so far. This study is focused on skin irritation potential of a panel of GBMs: few-layer graphene (FLG), exfoliated by ball milling of graphite, FLG exfoliated by ultrasonication using sodium dodecyl sulfate (FLG-SDS) or sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate (FLG-SDBS), CVD-graphene, obtained by chem. vapor deposition, graphene oxide (GO) and reduced GO (rGO). Skin irritation was assessed using the SkinEthic Reconstructed human Epidermis (RhE), following the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) Test Guideline (TG) 439. Even though not validated for nanomaterials, the OCED TG 439 turned out to be applicable also for GBM testing, since no interference with the methylthiazolyldiphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) reduction, used as a final readout, was found. Furthermore, direct epidermal exposure to powd. GBMs mimics the actual human exposure, avoiding interference by the cell culture medium (protein corona formation). Only GBMs prepared with irritant surfactants (FLG-SDS and FLG-SDBS), but not the others, reduced RhE viability at levels lower than those predicting skin irritation (�0%), suggesting irritant properties.

Nanoscale published new progress about Ball milling. 6259-76-3 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Hexyl 2-hydroxybenzoate, and the molecular formula is C13H18O3, Formula: C13H18O3.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Tang, Shuqin published the artcileA Cocktail of Industrial Chemicals in Lipstick and Nail Polish: Profiles and Health Implications, Application In Synthesis of 71617-10-2, the main research area is industrial chem lipstick nail polish health exposure risk assessment.

Beauty products contain various industrial chems. to increase their functionality and appearance. The frequent use of beauty products may increase human exposure to industrial chems., but to date, their chem. components remain poorly characterized. Our work characterized the chem. components in lipstick and nail polish by screening for a total of 231 chems. from seven categories, including organophosphate esters (OPEs), phthalate esters (PAEs), non-PAE plasticizers, bisphenol analogs, parabens, UV stabilizers, and antioxidants. Their total concentrations ranged from 38.9 to 3810 μg/g (median of 193 μg/g) and from 18.6 to 1910 μg/g (307 μg/g) in lipstick (n = 34) and nail polish (n = 15), resp. The chem. compositions differed between lipstick and nail polish, but non-PAE plasticizers generally dominated over other groups of chems. A number of emerging plasticizers, OPEs, and UV stabilizers have rarely been reported in personal care products or environmental samples but were found at very high levels in beauty products, raising concern about their environmental release and human exposure risk. Although the employment of a hazard quotient approach suggested low health risks for exposure to industrial chems. from the use of beauty products, potential mixture effects from the chem. cocktail and occupational exposure to beauty products should not be overlooked.

Environmental Science & Technology Letters published new progress about Antioxidants. 71617-10-2 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Isopentyl 3-(4-methoxyphenyl)acrylate, and the molecular formula is C15H20O3, Application In Synthesis of 71617-10-2.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Mancuso, Raffaella published the artcileSynthesis, computational evaluation and pharmacological assessment of acetylsalicylic esters as anti-inflammatory agents, Safety of Hexyl 2-hydroxybenzoate, the main research area is aspirin acetylsalicylic ester antiinflammatory toxicity.

A convenient approach to the synthesis of alkyl esters of aspirin (ASA-OR) has been developed. The synthesis of ASA-OR has been realized in two steps: (1) direct esterification of salicylic acid with alcs. in the presence of dicyclohexylcarbodiimide to give alkyl salicylates (SAL-OR); (2) acetylation of SAL-OR with acetyl chloride to yield ASA-OR. Mol. mechanics simulations, performed to calculate the kinetic radii of several ASA-OR, indicated that the pentyl and hexyl acetylsalicylates possess the best properties to cross cell membranes. The in vitro biol. tests demonstrate their anti-inflammatory activity, superimposable to that of aspirin. The results of our study suggest that ASA-OR may be used as anti-inflammatory drugs for topical application.

Medicinal Chemistry Research published new progress about Cell membrane. 6259-76-3 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Hexyl 2-hydroxybenzoate, and the molecular formula is C13H18O3, Safety of Hexyl 2-hydroxybenzoate.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Cadena-Aizaga, M. Isabel published the artcileAssessment of anthropogenic pollution by UV filters using macrophytes as bioindicators, Computed Properties of 71617-10-2, the main research area is macrophyte bioindicator UV filter anthropogenic pollution; Anthropogenic contamination; Macrophytes; Microwave-assisted extraction; Organic UV filters.

Marine environment pollution has increased in recent decades as a result of anthropogenic activities. Macrophytes can assimilate the compounds dissolved in the water and respond to changes in surround conditions, for that, they can be used as bioindicators of pollution in aquatic environments. Currently organic UV filters have shown ever-increasing in pollution levels in marine ecosystems. The anthropogenic pollution produced by eight organic UV filters in coastal macrophytes was studied. A microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), followed by ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatog. with tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) was applied to 76 macrophyte (seaweeds and seagrass) samples from three different beaches on the Gran Canaria Island (Spain), collected for 6 mo. All studied UV filters were found with different detection frequencies from 16% to 100% in macrophyte samples. Octocrylene (OC) was detected in all the analyzed samples throughout the sampling period. The highest concentration, 19,369 ng·g-1 dry weight (dw), was for this compound in the seagrass Cymodocea nodosa. The bioconcentration ratio was determined for several seaweed groups (red, brown, green). Different bioconcentration grades were obtained. Those above 1000 indicated significant accumulation, which increases the possibility of chronic effects on seaweed and at upper tropic levels.

Science of the Total Environment published new progress about Bioindicators. 71617-10-2 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Isopentyl 3-(4-methoxyphenyl)acrylate, and the molecular formula is C15H20O3, Computed Properties of 71617-10-2.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Picone, Marco published the artcileFragrance materials (FMs) affect the larval development of the copepod Acartia tonsa: An emerging issue for marine ecosystems, SDS of cas: 6259-76-3, the main research area is Acartia tonsa marine ecosystem fragrance material; Acartia tonsa; Copepods; Fragrance materials (FMs); Larval development.

Fragrance materials (FMs) are used in a variety of detergents and cosmetics, including household and personal care products. Despite their widespread use and the growing evidence of their occurrence in surface waters worldwide, very little is known about their toxicity towards marine species, including a key component of the marine food webs such as copepods. Thus, we investigated the toxicity of six of the more long-lasting and stable com. fragrances, including Amyl Salicylate (AMY), Oranger Crystals (ORA), Hexyl Salicylate (HEX), Ambrofix (AMB), Peonile (PEO), and Benzyl Salicylate (BZS), to assess their ability to impair the larval development of the calanoid copepod Acartia tonsa. FMs inhibited the development of A. tonsa significantly at concentrations by far lower than the effect-concentrations reported in the literature for aquatic species. The more toxic FMs were HEX (EC50 = 57 ng L-1), AMY (EC50 = 131 ng L-1) and ORA (EC50 = 766 ng L-1), while the other three compounds exerted toxic effects at concentrations higher than 1000 ng L-1 (LOEC at 1000 ng L-1-1 for PEO and BZS, and at 10,000 ng L-1 for AMB). Early life-stage mortality was unaffected by FMs at all the tested concentrations A comparison with water concentrations of FMs reported in the literature confirmed that FMs, especially HEX and AMY, may act as contaminants of potential concern in many aquatic habitats, including urban areas and remote and polar environments.

Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety published new progress about Acartia tonsa. 6259-76-3 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Hexyl 2-hydroxybenzoate, and the molecular formula is C13H18O3, SDS of cas: 6259-76-3.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Sapozhnikova, Yelena published the artcileSuspect screening of chemicals in food packaging plastic film by comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled to time-of-flight mass spectrometry, Name: Hexyl 2-hydroxybenzoate, the main research area is food packaging plastic film chem screening GC TOF MS.

In this study, chems. extracted from a food packaging plastic film with a series of organic solvents were tentatively identified with comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatog. coupled to time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC×GC-TOF-MS). A total of 91 compounds were tentatively identified in the film extracts, based on high mass spectral matching with the US National Institute of Standards and Technol. (NIST) mass spectral (MS) library. The tentatively identified chems. included common plasticizers: di(2-ethylhexyl) adipate (DEHA), di-Et and di-Bu phthalates; polymer and plastic additives: hexafluorobisphenol A (bisphenol AF), 2,4,7,9-tetramethyl-5-decyn-4,7-diol (TMDD), Me dehydroabietate, and 2,2,4-trimethyl-1,3-pentanediol diisobutyrate (TXIB); UV filters: homosalate, 2-ethyhexyl salicylate (octisalate); fragrances: cedrol and galaxolide, flavoring agents: n-hexyl salicylate and benzophenone. Addnl., representatives of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), alkylated naphthalenes, linear alkylbenzenes, and Ph, biphenyl, and di-Ph compounds were identified. Unexpected discovery of low chlorinated polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in the film extracts suggests their source should be investigated further. The tentatively identified compounds were characterized based on use, source, chem. properties, and previously reported occurrences in plastic food packaging materials, food, or the environment.

LCGC North America published new progress about Food packaging. 6259-76-3 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Hexyl 2-hydroxybenzoate, and the molecular formula is C13H18O3, Name: Hexyl 2-hydroxybenzoate.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

O’Malley, Elissa published the artcileThe presence of selected UV filters in a freshwater recreational reservoir and fate in controlled experiments, Safety of Isopentyl 3-(4-methoxyphenyl)acrylate, the main research area is UV filter freshwater photodegradation biodegradation; Degradation; Environmental half-life; Personal care products; Sunscreen agents.

UV filters present in sunscreen and other cosmetics are directly released into the environment during aquatic recreational activities. The extent to which the wide range of UV filters pose a risk to the environment remains unclear. This study investigated the occurrence and dissipation of selected organic UV filters at a recreational site (Enoggera Reservoir, Queensland, Australia) over 12 h. Furthermore, different possible degradation processes were investigated in a controlled off-site experiment with surface water exposed to natural light. Half-lives were estimated for ten UV filters. In Enoggera Reservoir, seven UV filters were detected, of which the most prevalent were octocrylene, avobenzone (BMDBM) and enzacamene (4-MBC). Summed concentrations of the seven UV filters ranged from 7330 ng L-1 at 13:00 h to 2550 ng L-1 at 21:00 h. In the degradation experiment, four UV filters showed no significant change over time. The fate of these compounds in the environment is likely to be mainly influenced by dispersion. Half-lives of the remaining UV filters were 6.6 h for amiloxate (IMC), 20 h for benzophenone 1, 23 h for octinoxate (EHMC), 30 h for 3-benzylidene camphor, 34 h for 4-MBC and 140 h for dioxybenzone (BP8). The degree of susceptibility to photodegradation and biodegradation was generally consistent within a structural class. The fate and half-lives of UV filters are variable and should be considered on a per site basis when assessing environmental risk.

Science of the Total Environment published new progress about Biodegradation. 71617-10-2 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Isopentyl 3-(4-methoxyphenyl)acrylate, and the molecular formula is C15H20O3, Safety of Isopentyl 3-(4-methoxyphenyl)acrylate.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics