Tag: M.W=100-150

Jakimovski, Dejan published the artcileMultiple Sclerosis in Children: Differential Diagnosis, Prognosis, and Disease-Modifying Treatment, Application In Synthesis of 624-49-7, the publication is CNS Drugs (2022), 36(1), 45-59, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

A review. Pediatric-onset multiple sclerosis (POMS) is a rare neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative disease that has a significant impact on long-term phys. and cognitive patient outcomes. A small percentage of multiple sclerosis (MS) diagnoses occur before the age of 18 years. Before treatment initiation, a careful differential diagnosis and exclusion of other similar acquired demyelinating syndromes such as anti-aquaporin-4-associated neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (AQP4-NMOSD) and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody spectrum disorder (MOGSD) is warranted. The recent 2017 changes to the McDonald criteria can successfully predict up to 71% of MS diagnoses and have good specificity of 95% and sensitivity of 71%. Addnl. measures such as the presence of T1-weighted hypointense lesions and/or contrast-enhancing lesions significantly increase the accuracy of diagnosis. In adults, early use of disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) is instrumental to a better long-term prognosis, including lower rates of relapse and disability worsening, and numerous FDA-approved therapies for adult-onset MS are available. However, unlike their adult counterparts, the development, testing, and regulatory approval of POMS treatments have been significantly slower and hindered by logistic and/or ethical considerations. Currently, only two MS DMTs (fingolimod and teriflunomide) have been tested in large phase III trials and approved by regulatory agencies for use in POMS. First-line therapies not approved by the FDA for use in children (interferon-β and glatiramer acetate) are also commonly used and result in a significant reduction in inflammatory activity when compared with non-treated POMS patients. An increasing number of POMS patients are now treated with moderate efficacy therapies such as di-Me fumarate and high-efficacy therapies such as natalizumab, anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies, anti-CD52 monoclonal antibodies, and/or autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. These high-efficacy DMTs generally provide addnl. reduction in inflammatory activity when compared with the first-line medications (up to 62% of relapse-rate reduction). Therefore, a number of phase II and III trials are currently investigating their efficacy and safety in POMS patients. In this review, we discuss potential changes in the regulatory approval process for POMS patients that are recommended for DMTs already approved for the adult MS population, including smaller sample size for pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic studies, MRI-centered primary outcomes, and/or inclusion of teenagers in the adult trials.

CNS Drugs published new progress about 624-49-7. 624-49-7 belongs to esters-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Inhibitor,Natural product, name is Dimethyl fumarate, and the molecular formula is C6H8O4, Application In Synthesis of 624-49-7.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ester,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Burcu Guerdere, Meliha published the artcileSynthesis, Antiproliferative and Cytotoxic Activities, DNA Binding Features and Molecular Docking Study of Novel Enamine Derivatives, Category: esters-buliding-blocks, the publication is Chemistry & Biodiversity (2020), 17(7), e2000139, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

Novel enamine derivatives were synthesized from the reaction of lactone and chalcones and their antiproliferative and cytotoxic activities against six cancer cell lines (e. g., HeLa, HT29, A549, MCF7, PC3 and Hep3B) and one normal cell lines (e. g., FL) were investigated along with their mode of interactions with CT-DNA. Most of the enamine derivatives with IC50 values of 86-168 μM demonstrated much stronger antiproliferative activity than the starting mols. against the cancer cells. While, among the enamine derivatives, four compounds displayed higher cytotoxic potency than the control drugs (5-fluorouracil and cisplatin) against the Hep3B cell lines, these compounds did not exhibit any significant toxicity against normal cells, FL. The UV/VIS spectral data suggest that eight compounds cause hypochromism with a slight bathochromic shift (∼6 nm), indicating that they bind to the DNA by way of an intercalative or minor groove binding mode. The binding constants of the compounds are in the range of 0.1×103 M^-1-2.3×104 M^-1. The antiproliferative activity of studied enamine derivatives could possibly be due to their DNA binding as well as their cytotoxic properties. In addition to these assays, the chalcones and enamine derivatives were investigated by mol. docking to calculate the synergistic effect of antiproliferative activities against six human cancer cell lines.

Chemistry & Biodiversity published new progress about 517-23-7. 517-23-7 belongs to esters-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Tetrahydrofuran,Ketone,Ester, name is 3-Acetyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one, and the molecular formula is C6H8O3, Category: esters-buliding-blocks.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ester,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Humphries, Paul S. published the artcilePyridine-3-propanoic acids: Discovery of dual PPARα/γ agonists as antidiabetic agents, Synthetic Route of 5340-78-3, the publication is Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters (2006), 16(23), 6120-6123, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

A series of novel pyridine-3-propanoic acids was synthesized. A structure-activity relationship study of these compounds led to the identification of potent dual PPARα/γ agonists with varied isoform selectivity. Based on the results of efficacy studies in diabetic (db/db) mice, and the desired pharmacokinetic parameters, I [R,R¹ = CH₂CH₂; R = R¹ = Me] were selected for further profiling.

Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters published new progress about 5340-78-3. 5340-78-3 belongs to esters-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Aliphatic Chain, name is Ethyltert-butylacetate, and the molecular formula is C8H16O2, Synthetic Route of 5340-78-3.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ester,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Bally, Ioana published the artcileSynthesis of carbon-14-labeled isotope-isomeric alkanes. II. Preparation of 2,2,4-trimethylpentane-14C2 labeled at both methyl groups of the isopropyl moiety, Recommanded Product: Ethyltert-butylacetate, the publication is Revue Roumaine de Chimie (1975), 20(11-12), 1471-2, database is CAplus.

Me3CCH2CH(14CH3)2 was prepared in 5 steps from H2C:CCl2 via treatment with Me3COH, and H2O to give Me3CCH2CO2H, which was successively esterified and treated with 14CH3I to give Me3CCH2C(14CH3)2OH:14CH2 and Me3CCH:C(14CH3)2, which were hydrogenated.

Revue Roumaine de Chimie published new progress about 5340-78-3. 5340-78-3 belongs to esters-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Aliphatic Chain, name is Ethyltert-butylacetate, and the molecular formula is C8H16O2, Recommanded Product: Ethyltert-butylacetate.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ester,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Abadleh, Mohammed M. published the artcileFacile synthesis of model 2,4-diaryl-1,3,4-thiadiazino[5,6-h]fluoroquinolones, Synthetic Route of 924-99-2, the publication is Zeitschrift fuer Naturforschung, B: A Journal of Chemical Sciences (2019), 74(6), 507-512, database is CAplus.

A Selected set of 2,4-diaryl-7-oxo-1,2,4-thiadiazino[5,6-h]quinoline-8-carboxylic acids I (Ar = C₆H₅, 4-MeC₆H₅, 4-FC₆H₅, etc.) has been prepared via reaction of the parent 7-chloro-8-nitro-10-cyclopropyl-6-fluoroquinolone with the appropriate N’-(aryl)benzothiohydrazides in presence of triethylamine. Structures of the new heterocyclics I are supported by spectral data and confirmed by single-crystal X-ray crystallog. for I (Ar = C₆H₅).

Zeitschrift fuer Naturforschung, B: A Journal of Chemical Sciences published new progress about 924-99-2. 924-99-2 belongs to esters-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Alkenyl,Amine,Aliphatic hydrocarbon chain,Ester, name is Ethyl 3-(dimethylamino)acrylate, and the molecular formula is C7H13NO2, Synthetic Route of 924-99-2.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ester,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Waring, Paul published the artcileThe dihydropteridine reductase (human brain) [substrate] activity of some lipophilic quinonoid dihydropterins, COA of Formula: C8H16O2, the publication is European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry (1987), 22(2), 83-90, database is CAplus.

I [R¹ = Et, Pr, Me(CH₂)₅, PhCH₂CH₂, and neopentyl; R² = H] and I (R¹ = H, R² = neopentyl) were prepared by reduction of the corresponding II with PtO₂. Oxidation of I‘s gave the corresponding III which were good substrates for dihydropteridine reductase from human brain when compared with the natural cofactor quinonoid dihydrobiopterin III [R¹ = 6R (1R,2′S)-1′,2′-dihydroisopropyl, R² = H), III (R¹ = Me, R² = H), III (R¹ = H, R² = Me) and quinonoid dihydrofolic acid III (R¹ = p-methylaminobenzoylglutamic acid, R² = H). In contrast 5-(2-propylimino) and 5-(2-octylimino)-2,4-diaminopyrimidin-6(1H)-ones were devoid of substrate or inhibitor activities. The potential use of these lipophilic pterins in the therapy of diseases where there is a deficiency of tetrahydrobiopterin is discussed.

European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry published new progress about 5340-78-3. 5340-78-3 belongs to esters-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Aliphatic Chain, name is Ethyltert-butylacetate, and the molecular formula is C8H14O2, COA of Formula: C8H16O2.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ester,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Gold, Ralf published the artcileLong-term safety and efficacy of dimethyl fumarate for up to 13 years in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: Final ENDORSE study results, Computed Properties of 624-49-7, the publication is Multiple Sclerosis Journal (2022), 28(5), 801-816, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

Di-Me fumarate (DMF) demonstrated favorable benefit-risk in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) patients in phase-III DEFINE and CONFIRM trials, and ENDORSE extension. The main aim of this study is assessing DMF safety/efficacy up to 13 years in ENDORSE. Randomized patients received DMF 240 mg twice daily or placebo (PBO; Years 0-2), then DMF (Years 3-10; continuous DMF/DMF or PBO/DMF); maximum follow-up (combined studies), 13 years. By Jan. 2020, 1736 patients enrolled/dosed in ENDORSE (median follow-up 8.76 years (ENDORSE range: 0.04-10.98) in DEFINE/CONFIRM and ENDORSE); 52% treated in ENDORSE for ≥6 years. Overall, 551 (32%) patients experienced serious adverse events (mostly multiple sclerosis (MS) relapse or fall; one progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy); 243 (14%) discontinued treatment due to adverse events (4% gastrointestinal (GI) disorders). Rare opportunistic infections, malignancies, and serious herpes zoster occurred, irresp. of lymphocyte count. For DMF/DMF (n = 501), overall annualized relapse rate (ARR) remained low (0.143 (95% confidence interval (CI), 0.120-0.169)), while for PBO/DMF (n = 249), ARR decreased after initiating DMF and remained low throughout (ARR 0-2 years, 0.330 (95% CI, 0.266-0.408)); overall ARR (ENDORSE, 0.151 (95% CI, 0.118-0.194)). Over 10 years, 72% DMF/DMF and 73% PBO/DMF had no 24-wk confirmed disability worsening. Sustained DMF safety/efficacy was observed in patients followed up to 13 years, supporting DMF’s pos. benefit/risk profile for long-term RRMS treatment.

Multiple Sclerosis Journal published new progress about 624-49-7. 624-49-7 belongs to esters-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Inhibitor,Natural product, name is Dimethyl fumarate, and the molecular formula is C6H8O4, Computed Properties of 624-49-7.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ester,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Turgis, R. published the artcileKetone functionalized task specific ionic liquids for selective tantalum extraction, Application of 3-Acetyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one, the publication is Separation and Purification Technology (2018), 174-182, database is CAplus.

A novel family of ketone functionalized task specific ionic liquids (TSILs) was designed for the selective extraction of tantalum from sulfuric acid medium. We report the synthesis of functionalized hydrophobic ionic liquids based on piperidium, imidazolium or pyridinium cations bearing ketone moieties and their application in the liquid/liquid extraction of Ta(V). Recovery processes for Ta after extraction were performed and the recyclability of the TSIL was demonstrated. An eco-friendly process based on a TSIL was proposed for the extraction and stripping of tantalum from sulfuric acidic medium. Such system can be used as an alternative to the methyl-iso-Bu ketone (MIBK) which is the most commonly used extractant for the separation and purification of niobium and tantalum by solvent extraction

Separation and Purification Technology published new progress about 517-23-7. 517-23-7 belongs to esters-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Tetrahydrofuran,Ketone,Ester, name is 3-Acetyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one, and the molecular formula is C9H9F5Si, Application of 3-Acetyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ester,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Derakhshani, Afshin published the artcileThe expression pattern of VISTA in the PBMCs of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis patients: A single-cell RNA sequencing-based study, Computed Properties of 624-49-7, the publication is Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy (2022), 112725, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS). Dysregulated immune responses have been implicated in MS development. Growing evidence has indicated that inhibitory immune checkpoint mols. can substantially regulate immune responses and maintain immune tolerance. V-domain Ig suppressor of T cell activation (VISTA) is a novel inhibitory immune checkpoint mol. that can suppress immune responses; however, its expression pattern in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) has not thoroughly been studied. Herein, we evaluated Vsir expression in PBMCs of RRMS patients and characterized the expression pattern of the Vsir in the PBMCs of MS patients. Besides, we investigated the effect of fingolimod, IFNβ-1α, glatiramer acetate (GA), and di-Me fumarate (DMF) on Vsir expression in PBMCs of RRMS patients. Our results have shown that Vsir expression is significantly downregulated in the PBMCs of patients with RRMS. Besides, the single-cell RNA sequencing results have demonstrated that Vsir expression is downregulated in classical monocyte, intermediate monocytes, non-classical monocytes, myeloid DCs (mDC), Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs), and naive B-cells of PBMCs of MS patients compared to the control. In addition, DMF, IFNβ-1α, and GA have significantly upregulated Vsir expression in the PBMCs of RRMS patients. Collectively, the current study has shed light on Vsir expression in the PBMCs of MS patients; however, further studies are needed to elucidate the significance of VISTA in the mentioned immune cells.

Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy published new progress about 624-49-7. 624-49-7 belongs to esters-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Inhibitor,Natural product, name is Dimethyl fumarate, and the molecular formula is C6H8O4, Computed Properties of 624-49-7.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ester,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Estrada, Carl D. published the artcileEnantioselective Desymmetrization of 2-Aryl-1,3-propanediols by Direct O-Alkylation with a Rationally Designed Chiral Hemiboronic Acid Catalyst That Mitigates Substrate Conformational Poisoning, Quality Control of 5340-78-3, the publication is Journal of the American Chemical Society (2021), 143(11), 4162-4167, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

Enantioselective desymmetrization by direct monofunctionalization of prochiral diols is a powerful strategy to prepare valuable synthetic intermediates in high optical purity. Boron acids can activate diols toward nucleophilic additions; however, the design of stable chiral catalysts remains a challenge and highlights the need to identify new chemotypes for this purpose. Herein, the discovery and optimization of a bench-stable chiral 9-hydroxy-9,10-boroxarophenanthrene catalyst is described and applied in the highly enantioselective desymmetrization of 2-aryl-1,3-diols using benzylic electrophiles under operationally simple, ambient conditions. Nucleophilic activation and discrimination of the enantiotopic hydroxy groups on the diol substrate occurs via a defined chair-like six-membered anionic complex with the hemiboronic heterocycle. The optimal binaphthyl-based catalyst 1g features a large aryloxytrityl group to effectively shield one of the two prochiral hydroxy groups on the diol complex, whereas a strategically placed “methyl blocker” on the boroxarophenanthrene unit mitigates the deleterious effect of a competing conformation of the complexed diol that compromised the overall efficiency of the desymmetrization process. This methodol. affords monoalkylated products in enantiomeric ratios equal or over 95:5 for a wide range of 1,3-propanediols with various 2-aryl/heteroaryl groups.

Journal of the American Chemical Society published new progress about 5340-78-3. 5340-78-3 belongs to esters-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Aliphatic Chain, name is Ethyltert-butylacetate, and the molecular formula is C8H16O2, Quality Control of 5340-78-3.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ester,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics