Tag: M.W=100-150

Akcha, Selma published the artcileSynthesis, characterization, solution equilibria, DFT study, DNA binding affinity and cytotoxic properties of a cobalt(II) complex with a 5-pyrazolone ligand, Recommanded Product: 3-Acetyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one, the publication is Inorganica Chimica Acta (2018), 738-748, database is CAplus.

The authors’ work describes the synthesis, the complexation and the characterization of a cobalt(II) complex with a 5-pyrazolone ligand carrying a thioamide group on N¹ position. The study of the complexation in solution allowed the determination of the stability constants of the complex and the distribution of the species involving Co(II) over the whole pH-range. The solid cobalt(II) complex has then been synthesized and fully characterized by IR, electronic, EPR and mass spectrometries, in addition to magnetic and voltammetric measurements. The data clearly indicated an octahedral high spin Co(II) complex with two mononeg. mols. of the N,S-ligand, and two water mols., likely in a cis position because of the high anisotropy. DFT calculations performed on both the ligand and the complex structures allowed the authors to study the spectral features, and to propose the most fitting structures to the exptl. data. The interaction of the 5-pyrazolone ligand and its cobalt(II) complex with fish-sperm DNA has been studied by electronic spectrometry and cyclovoltammetry. Intercalation has been identified as a binding mode and the strength of the binding assessed. In order to explore eventual cytotoxic and/or cytostatic properties of the authors’ compounds, the ligand and the cobalt complex have been tested on PC-3 (human prostate carcinoma) and HT-29 (human colon carcinoma) using sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay.

Inorganica Chimica Acta published new progress about 517-23-7. 517-23-7 belongs to esters-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Tetrahydrofuran,Ketone,Ester, name is 3-Acetyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one, and the molecular formula is C6H8O3, Recommanded Product: 3-Acetyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ester,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Boehme, H. published the artcilePreparation, properties, and rearrangement of (β-alkoxycarbonylalkylidene)ammonium salts, Application of Ethyl 3-(dimethylamino)acrylate, the publication is Tetrahedron (1977), 33(8), 841-5, database is CAplus.

Methylation and protonation of β-alkoxycarbonyl enamines gave iminium salts which were characterized by 1H NMR spectroscopy. E.g., methylation with MeI and protonation with HCl of Me2NCH:CMeCO2Et gave (Me2N:CHCMe2CO2Et)+ (I) and (Me2N:CHCHMeCO2Et)+, resp. The reactions of the iminium salts with PhMgBr, MeMgBr, dimedone, and PhCOMe were studied; in some cases, secondary reactions involving amine elimination occurred. E.g., I with MeMgBr and PhCOMe gave Me2NCHMeCMe2CO2Et and PhCOCH:CHCMe2CO2Et, resp.

Tetrahedron published new progress about 924-99-2. 924-99-2 belongs to esters-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Alkenyl,Amine,Aliphatic hydrocarbon chain,Ester, name is Ethyl 3-(dimethylamino)acrylate, and the molecular formula is C7H13NO2, Application of Ethyl 3-(dimethylamino)acrylate.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ester,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Laurence, Christian published the artcileAn Enthalpic Scale of Hydrogen-Bond Basicity. 4. Carbon π Bases, Oxygen Bases, and Miscellaneous Second-Row, Third-Row, and Fourth-Row Bases and a Survey of the 4-Fluorophenol Affinity Scale, Formula: C7H13NO2, the publication is Journal of Organic Chemistry (2010), 75(12), 4105-4123, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

The thermodn. of the O-H···B hydrogen bond (HB) has been determined in CCl₄ by FTIR spectrometry for a wide variety of carbon π bases, oxygen bases, and miscellaneous first- to fourth-row bases, using 4-fluorophenol as a reference hydrogen-bond donor (HBD). After inclusion of previously studied nitrogen, sulfur, and halogen bases, this 4-fluorophenol affinity scale contains 314 varied organic bases and ranges over 40 kJ mol^-1. The 4-fluorophenol affinity scale in CCl₄ is shown to be applicable to most HBDs in most media, provided a small family dependence is taken into account. The HB affinity orders are quant. established according to the at. acceptor site or to its bearing functional group. A comprehensive survey of the influence of substituents on these affinity orders is then achieved, considering electronic and steric effects, as well as effects of vinylogy or iminol. Iminol. is found to be more efficient than vinylogy for transmitting resonance effects. Steric effects are shown to be less important in HB affinity than in HB basicity since they mainly act on the HB entropy. The spatial proximity of two acceptor sites can favor complexation through three-center hydrogen bonds, leading to superhydrogen-bond bases on the affinity scale.

Journal of Organic Chemistry published new progress about 924-99-2. 924-99-2 belongs to esters-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Alkenyl,Amine,Aliphatic hydrocarbon chain,Ester, name is Ethyl 3-(dimethylamino)acrylate, and the molecular formula is C7H13NO2, Formula: C7H13NO2.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ester,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Hoyle, Christopher published the artcileItaconate and fumarate derivatives inhibit priming and activation of the canonical NLRP3 inflammasome in macrophages, Formula: C6H8O4, the publication is Immunology (2022), 165(4), 460-480, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

The NLRP3 inflammasome is a multiprotein complex that regulates caspase-1 activation and subsequent interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18 release from innate immune cells in response to infection or injury. Derivatives of the metabolites itaconate and fumarate, di-Me itaconate (DMI), 4-octyl itaconate (4OI) and di-Me fumarate (DMF) limit both expression and release of IL-1β following NLRP3 inflammasome activation. However, the direct effects of these metabolite derivatives on NLRP3 inflammasome responses require further investigation. Using murine bone marrow-derived macrophages, mixed glia and organotypic hippocampal slice cultures (OHSCs), we demonstrate that DMI, 4OI and DMF pretreatments inhibit pro-inflammatory cytokine production in response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS), as well as inhibit subsequent NLRP3 inflammasome activation induced by nigericin. DMI, 4OI, DMF and monomethyl fumarate (MMF), another fumarate derivative, also directly inhibited biochem. markers of NLRP3 activation in LPS-primed macrophages, mixed glia, OHSCs and human macrophages in response to nigericin and imiquimod, including ASC speck formation, caspase-1 activation, gasdermin D cleavage and IL-1β release. DMF, an approved treatment of multiple sclerosis, as well as DMI, 4OI and MMF, inhibited NLRP3 activation in macrophages in response to lysophosphatidylcholine, which is used to induce demyelination, suggesting a possible mechanism for DMF in multiple sclerosis through NLRP3 inhibition. The derivatives also reduced pro-IL-1α cleavage in response to the calcium ionophore ionomycin. Together, these findings reveal the immunometabolic regulation of both the priming and activation steps of NLRP3 activation in macrophages. Furthermore, we highlight itaconate and fumarate derivatives as potential therapeutic options in NLRP3- and IL-1α-driven diseases, including in the brain.

Immunology published new progress about 624-49-7. 624-49-7 belongs to esters-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Inhibitor,Natural product, name is Dimethyl fumarate, and the molecular formula is C6H8O4, Formula: C6H8O4.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ester,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Huang, Zhujun published the artcileMetal-Free Hydrosilylation Polymerization by Merging Photoredox and Hydrogen Atom Transfer Catalysis, Formula: C5H10O2S, the publication is Journal of the American Chemical Society (2021), 143(45), 19167-19177, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

Organosilicon compounds and polymers have found wide applications as synthetic building blocks and functional materials. Hydrosilylation is a common strategy toward the synthesis of organosilicon compounds and polymers. Although transition-metal-catalyzed hydrosilylation has achieved great advances, the metal-free hydrosilylation polymerization of dienes and bis(silane)s, especially the one suitable for both electron-rich and electron-deficient dienes, is largely lacking. Herein, the authors report a visible-light-driven metal-free hydrosilylation polymerization of both electron-rich and electron-deficient dienes with bis(silane)s by using the organic photocatalyst and hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) catalyst. The authors achieved the well-controlled step-growth hydrosilylation polymerizations of the electron-rich diene and bis(silane) monomer due to the selective activation of Si-H bonds by the organic photocatalyst (4CzIPN) and the thiol polarity reversal reagent (HAT 1). For the electron-deficient dienes, hydrosilylation polymerization and self-polymerization occurred simultaneously in the presence of 4CzIPN and aceclidine (HAT 2), providing the opportunity to produce linear, hyperbranched, and network polymers by rationally tuning the concentration of electron-deficient dienes and the ratio of bis(silane)s and dienes to alter the proportion of the two polymerizations A wide scope of bis(silane)s and dienes furnished polycarbosilanes with high mol. weight, excellent thermal stability, and tunable architectures.

Journal of the American Chemical Society published new progress about 19788-49-9. 19788-49-9 belongs to esters-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Thiol,Aliphatic hydrocarbon chain,Ester, name is Ethyl 2-mercaptopropanoate, and the molecular formula is C5H10O2S, Formula: C5H10O2S.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ester,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Chen, Ke-Wei published the artcileOrganocatalytic Atroposelective Synthesis of N-N Axially Chiral Indoles and Pyrroles by De Novo Ring Formation, HPLC of Formula: 30414-53-0, the publication is Angewandte Chemie, International Edition (2022), 61(17), e202116829, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

The first highly atroposelective construction of N-N axially chiral indole scaffolds I [R = H, 4-F, 6-MeO, 7-Br, etc.; R¹ = H, Me; R² = CO₂Me, CO₂Et, Ph, etc.; R³ = Me, Et, i-Pr, Bn; R⁴ = Ph, 2-FC₆H₄, 3-FC₆H₄, etc.] was established via a new strategy of de novo ring formation. This strategy made use of the organocatalytic asym. Paal-Knorr reaction of well-designed N-aminoindoles with 1,4-diketones, thus affording N-pyrrolylindoles in high yields and with excellent atroposelectivities (up to 98% yield, 96% ee). In addition, this strategy was applicable for the atroposelective synthesis of N-N axially chiral bispyrroles II [R⁵ = Ph, 3-ClC₆H₄, 3-MeOC₆H₄, 1-naphthyl, 2-naphthyl; R⁶ = Me, Et, Bn; R⁷ = Me, Et, i-Pr; R⁸ = Ph, 2-FC₆H₄, 3-thienyl, etc.; R⁹ = Me, Et, i-Pr, Bn] (up to 98% yield, 97% ee). More importantly, such N-N axially chiral heterocycles could be converted into chiral organocatalysts with applications in asym. catalysis, and some mols. display potent anticancer activity. This work not only provided a new strategy for the atroposelective synthesis of N-N axially chiral mols. but also offers new members of the N-N atropisomer family with promising applications in synthetic and medicinal chem.

Angewandte Chemie, International Edition published new progress about 30414-53-0. 30414-53-0 belongs to esters-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Aliphatic hydrocarbon chain,Ketone,Ester, name is Methyl 3-oxovalerate, and the molecular formula is C6H10O3, HPLC of Formula: 30414-53-0.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ester,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Li, Zhan-Ku published the artcilePretreatment of sweet sorghum stalk with aqueous hydrogen peroxide for enhancing methanolysis and property of the bio-oil, Recommanded Product: Methyl 3-oxovalerate, the publication is Renewable Energy (2021), 1127-1136, database is CAplus.

Alcoholysis is a promising approach for converting biomass into fuels and/or chems. under mild conditions. However, the effect of pretreatment on biomass alcoholysis was rarely reported. Herein, the effect of pretreatment with H₂O₂ on sweet sorghum stalk (SSS) methanolysis was examined The results show that the pretreatment could markedly improve the bio-oil (BO) yield and decrease the appropriate temperature for obtaining maximum BO yield. The appropriate temperature for pretreated SSS methanolysis was determined to be 280 °C and the maximum BO yield is 44 wt%. In addition, higher heating values of the BOs were also enhanced based on elemental anal. According to anal. with gas chromatograph/mass spectrometer, phenolic compounds, esters, and sugars are predominant in the BOs, and the yield of phenolic compounds significantly increased from 91.75 to 111.68 mg·g^-1 by the pretreatment. Moreover, polar species in the BOs decreased and deoxygenation occurred during pretreated SSS methanolysis. Analyses with scanning electron microscope and N₂ physisorption reveal that pretreated SSS has more grooves and higher sp. surface area and anomalous porosity than SSS. According to analyses with Fourier transform IR spectrometer and X-ray photoelectron spectrometer, oxygen functional groups mainly in the forms of C=O and COO were introduced into SSS by the pretreatment. The changes of phys. and chem. structures should be responsible for enhancing SSS methanolysis and property of the BO.

Renewable Energy published new progress about 30414-53-0. 30414-53-0 belongs to esters-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Aliphatic hydrocarbon chain,Ketone,Ester, name is Methyl 3-oxovalerate, and the molecular formula is C6H10O3, Recommanded Product: Methyl 3-oxovalerate.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ester,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Aryal, Vivek published the artcileNi-Catalyzed Regio- and Stereoselective Alkylarylation of Unactivated Alkenes in γ,δ-Alkenylketimines, Recommanded Product: Dimethyl fumarate, the publication is ACS Catalysis (2022), 12(12), 7262-7268, database is CAplus.

Authors disclose a Ni-catalyzed vicinal alkylarylation of unactivated alkenes in γ,δ-alkenylketimines with aryl halides and alkylzinc reagents. The reaction produces γ-C(sp³)-branched δ-arylketones with the construction of two C(sp³)-C(sp³) and C(sp³)-C(sp²) bonds. Electron-deficient alkenes play crucial dual roles as ligands to stabilize reaction intermediates and to increase catalytic rates for the formation of C(sp³)-C(sp³) bonds. This alkene alkylarylation reaction is also effective for secondary alkylzinc reagents and internal alkenes and proceeds with a complete regio- and stereocontrol, affording products with up to three contiguous all-carbon all-cis secondary stereocenters.

ACS Catalysis published new progress about 624-49-7. 624-49-7 belongs to esters-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Inhibitor,Natural product, name is Dimethyl fumarate, and the molecular formula is C6H8O4, Recommanded Product: Dimethyl fumarate.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ester,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Li, Jieni published the artcileFACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH SWITCHING FROM INJECTABLE TO ORAL DISEASE MODIFYING AGENTS AMONG PATIENTS WITH MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS, Category: esters-buliding-blocks, the publication is Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders (2022), 103703, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

Since the introduction of oral disease-modifying agents (DMA) in 2010, the treatment options for multiple sclerosis (MS) have changed significantly. There is limited information regarding the factors associated with switching to oral DMA among prevalent injectable DMA users. This study evaluated the factors associated with switching to oral DMAs among prevalent injectable DMA users with MS. A retrospective observational cohort study using the TriNetX electronic medical records (EMR) data was conducted among patients with MS. The study included prevalent injectable DMA users with at least two injectable DMA (interferon beta-1a, interferon beta-1b, peginterferon beta-1a, or glatiramer acetate) prescription records within 6 mo between Sept. 2010 and May 2018. The second injectable DMA prescription date was considered as the index date. Switching was defined as any oral DMA prescription record (fingolimod, di-Me fumarate, or teriflunomide) within 12 mo after the index date. Patients with any infusion DMA prescription after the first injectable DMA prescription, and those less than 18 years of age were excluded from the study. The Andersen Behavioral Model was used as the conceptual framework to identify predisposing, enabling, and need factors measured during the 1-yr baseline period before the index date. A multivariable logistic regression model was used to examine the predisposing (age, sex, race, and ethnicity), enabling (time-period), and need factors (comorbidities, MS symptoms, MS-related medication, and healthcare utilization) associated with switching from injectable to oral DMAs. Among 2,943 prevalent injectable users included in this study, 8.09% (n=238) patients switched to oral DMAs. Patients who switched to oral DMAs were primarily younger adults aged 18-44 years (64.29%), females (82.77%), had sensory and visual symptoms, and had corticosteroid utilization during the one-year look-back period compared to non-switchers. Results from multivariable logistic regression model revealed that middle-aged adults (45-64 years, adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 0.43, 95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 0.32-0.58), old adults (�5 years, aOR: 0.30, 95% CI: 0.13-0.66) and men (aOR: 0.67, 95% CI: 0.47-0.96) were associated with decreased odds of switching to oral DMAs. Presence of MS-related sensory symptoms (aOR: 1.52, 95% CI: 1.07-2.16), visual symptoms (aOR: 1.59, 95% CI: 1.10-2.31), and corticosteroids usage (aOR: 1.44, 95% CI: 1.04-1.98) were associated with increased odds of switching to oral DMAs. The study found that about one in twelve prevalent injectable DMA users switched to oral DMA. Both demog. and clin. factors were associated with switching to oral DMAs. Further research is needed to evaluate the outcomes of switching to inform treatment decisions for MS management.

Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders published new progress about 624-49-7. 624-49-7 belongs to esters-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Inhibitor,Natural product, name is Dimethyl fumarate, and the molecular formula is C6H8O4, Category: esters-buliding-blocks.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ester,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Ye, Chen-Xi published the artcileAtroposelective Synthesis of Axially Chiral N-Arylpyrroles by Chiral-at-Rhodium Catalysis, Computed Properties of 30414-53-0, the publication is Angewandte Chemie, International Edition (2020), 59(32), 13552-13556, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

A transformation of fluxional into configurationally stable axially chiral N-arylpyrroles was achieved with a highly atroposelective electrophilic aromatic substitution catalyzed by a chiral-at-metal rhodium Lewis acid. Specifically, N-arylpyrroles were alkylated with N-acryloyl-1H-pyrazole electrophiles in up to 93% yield and with up to >99.5% ee, and follow-up conversions reveal the synthetic utility of this new method [e.g., I + N-acryloyl-1H-pyrazole �II (up to 93% yield, 92% isolated, 99% ee)]. DFT calculations elucidate the origins of the observed excellent atroposelectivity.

Angewandte Chemie, International Edition published new progress about 30414-53-0. 30414-53-0 belongs to esters-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Aliphatic hydrocarbon chain,Ketone,Ester, name is Methyl 3-oxovalerate, and the molecular formula is C6H8O6, Computed Properties of 30414-53-0.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ester,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics