Tag: M.W=100-150

Arcari, Stefany Grutzmann published the artcileAroma profile and phenolic content of merlot red wines produced in high-altitude regions in Brazil, Related Products of esters-buliding-blocks, the main research area is aroma phenolic Merlot red wine high altitude Brazil.

In Brazil, wine-growing regions of high altitude have been evaluated for the cultivation of grapes destined for the production of quality wines. In this study the phenolic content, the volatile compounds profile and the in vitro antioxidant activity of samples produced in Agua Doce, Campos Novos and Tangara were determined using spectrophotometric and chromatog. techniques. A total of 95 volatile compounds were identified in the samples analyzed, of which borneol is reported in Brazilian Merlot wines for the first time. The quant. results showed that the most important volatile compounds for wine aroma were esters, fatty acids, 1-hexanol and 2-phenylethanol alcs., and C13-norisoprenoids β-damascenone and α-ionone. The phenolic content observed was comparable to the results obtained for Merlot red wines from other regions in Brazil and in other countries. Also, the wine samples were effective in capturing the free radicals DPPH and ABTS.

Quimica Nova published new progress about Altitude (high). 5405-41-4 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Ethyl 3-hydroxybutanoate, and the molecular formula is C6H12O3, Related Products of esters-buliding-blocks.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Leite Neta, Maria Terezinha Santos published the artcileEffect of spray drying on bioactive and volatile compounds in soursop (Annona muricata) fruit pulp, Application In Synthesis of 5405-41-4, the main research area is Annona fruit pulp bioactive volatile compound antioxidant spray drying; Bioactive compounds; Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry; SBSE; Soursop; Spray drying; Volatile compounds.

Soursop is seasonal and highly perishable fruit, which limits its commercialization. Thus it is necessary to conserve its pulp so that it is available throughout the year. One of the most common forms of fruit preservation is by dehydration. This work had an objective to dehydrate soursop pulp by spray drying at optimum conditions and to analyze the retention of bioactive and volatile compounds in soursop powder, besides analyzing its antioxidant capacity. The total phenolics, carotenoids and flavonoids contents were determined, while volatile compounds were analyzed by Stir Bar Sorptive Extraction (SBSE) coupled with GC-MS system. The total content of the phenolic compounds and flavonoids in the fresh pulp were 160.28 mg of GAE/100 g and 87.17 mg of quercetin/100 g, resp. while for rehydrated dried powder their values were 158.95 mg of GAE/100 g and 85.17 mg of quercetin/100 g, resp. The total phenolic compounds, flavonoids and antioxidant capacity did not show any significant difference (p < .05) between the fresh fruit pulp and dehydrated powder. A total of 85 volatile compounds were identified, of which 33 were esters, representing the major class of organic compounds, 15 were terpenes, 10 aldehydes, 7 acids, 5 alcs., 5 lactones, 3 ketones, and 6 other compounds Of the total 85 compounds, identified in soursop pulp, 58 compounds were identified in the rehydrated dried powder. The principal compounds for both samples were Me (E)-2-hexenoate, Me hexanoate and Me (E)-2-butanoate, which contribute to soursop aroma according to their Odor Active Values (OAV). Considering that there was no significant difference (p < .05) between fresh pulp and the rehydrated dried powder in concentrations of bioactive compounds and even with the reduction in the concentration of the main volatile compounds while the OAVs of these compounds were relatively high, it is concluded that spray dried powder of soursop pulp retains its nutritional and aroma quality, besides maintaining the antioxidant capacity. Food Research International published new progress about Annona muricata. 5405-41-4 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Ethyl 3-hydroxybutanoate, and the molecular formula is C6H12O3, Application In Synthesis of 5405-41-4.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Shao, Yuewen published the artcileCopper-based catalysts with tunable acidic and basic sites for the selective conversion of levulinic acid/ester to γ-valerolactone or 1,4-pentanediol, Application In Synthesis of 539-88-8, the main research area is valerolactone pentanediol preparation ethyl levulinate copper catalytic hydrogenolysis.

γ-Valerolactone (GVL) and 1,4-pentanediol (1,4-PDO) are value-added chems. that can be produced from levulinic acid/ester via hydrogenation coupled with acid/base-catalyzed reactions. In this study, we demonstrate that the Cu-based catalysts produced via the hydrotalcite precursors with tunable distribution of acidic and basic sites could, according to the requirement of the target products, effectively tune the production of GVL or to 1,4-PDO from levulinic acid/ester. The abundant Bronsted acid sites over the CuAl catalyst suppressed the opening of the ring of GVL, achieving a higher GVL selectivity while inhibiting 1,4-PDO formation. The introduction of Mg species to the catalyst significantly increased the abundance of the basic sites on the surface of the catalyst, which was essential for the selective conversion of GVL to 1,4-PDO via the opening of the ring structure of GVL, the rate-determining step in the conversion from levulinic acid/ester to 1,4-PDO. In addition, the CuMgAl catalyst showed a much superior catalytic stability to the CuMg or CuAl catalyst due to the more stable crystal structure, the more developed porous structure, the higher dispersion of the Cu species and the higher capability to suppress the growth of metallic Cu species under hydrothermal conditions.

Green Chemistry published new progress about Basicity, Lewis. 539-88-8 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Ethyl 4-oxopentanoate, and the molecular formula is C7H12O3, Application In Synthesis of 539-88-8.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Peng, Qingrui published the artcileEffects of different ligand modifications on catalytic transfer hydrogenation of Lewis acid catalysts: Quantum chemical studies on the case of ZrCl2-Sal(ph)en, Computed Properties of 539-88-8, the main research area is electronic ligand modification catalytic transfer hydrogenation Lewis acid catalyst.

The systematic description of the steric and electronic ligand effects on the reactivity of the catalysts is one of the main goals in homogeneous catalysis. The experiments and mol. modeling calculations were performed to establish the structure-reactivity relationship with various ligand substituents of ZrCl2-Sal(ph)en-X (X = H, CH3, OCH3, Br, NO2, Cl). A clear linear free-energy relationship (LFER, r2=0.97/0.93) was found between Hammett σp value of the phenoxyl side group substituent X and the rate KX or reaction barrier of the hydrogenation of Et levulinate. Lewis acid sites are stronger in catalysts with an electron-withdrawing group close to the Zr site. In addition, the auxiliary ligands at two axial sites connected to the Zr site have a more significant impact on the catalyst activity. Among the three axial ligands (Cl, OH and OiPr), the -OH ligand with a smaller size endows addnl. basicity of catalyst, which is beneficial to the activation and dissociation of the hydroxyl group in the 2-propanol at the Lewis acidic sites (Zr4+) and basic sites(O2-), thus increasing the reaction rate of the Meerwein-Ponndorf-Verley (MPV)reaction of Et levulinate.

Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers published new progress about Basicity, Lewis. 539-88-8 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Ethyl 4-oxopentanoate, and the molecular formula is C7H12O3, Computed Properties of 539-88-8.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Zhou, Rusen published the artcilePower-to-chemicals: Low-temperature plasma for lignin depolymerisation in ethanol, Computed Properties of 5405-41-4, the main research area is lignin ethanol depolymerization low temperature plasma; Lignin depolymerisation; Low-temperature plasma; Renewable chemicals.

Lignin valorization into renewable fuels and platform chems. is desirable but still encounters major challenges due to lignin’s recalcitrant structure, and the lack of cost-, energy-, and material efficient conversion processes. Herein, we report a low-temperature plasma-based route to lignin depolymerization at mild conditions. The discharge over ethanol surface locally creating a high-energy and reactive environment rich in free electrons, energetic H radicals, and other reactive species, is well suited for lignin depolymerization Furthermore, assisted with a Fenton reaction (by adding Fe2O3 and H2O2) to sustain a more oxidative environment, the lignin conversion yield increases from 42.6% to 66.0%. Thus-obtained renewable chems. are rich in aromatics and dicarboxylic acid derivatives The proposed strategy on intensifying reactive chem. by high-power plasmas enables an effective power-to-chems. conversion of lignin and may provide useful guidelines for modern biorefineries.

Bioresource Technology published new progress about Depolymerization. 5405-41-4 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Ethyl 3-hydroxybutanoate, and the molecular formula is C6H12O3, Computed Properties of 5405-41-4.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Osman, Che Puteh published the artcileDiscrimination of 11 Malaysian Durian Cultivars Based on Sulfur-Containing Volatiles and Esters Using Multivariate Data Analysis, Recommanded Product: Ethyl 3-hydroxybutanoate, the main research area is sulfur volatile ester Malaysian durian cultivar multivariate data analysis.

There are reports documenting the volatile oils of several durian cultivars in Malaysia. However, there is limited information on the rapid discrimination of the durian cultivars based on the composition of the total volatiles and individual volatile compounds Thus, the present work aims to discriminate 11 Malaysian durian cultivars based on their volatile compositions using multivariate data anal. Sulfur-containing volatiles are the major volatiles in D175 (Udang Merah), D88 (Darling), D13 (Golden Bun), DXO (D24 Special), D17 (Green Bamboo), D2 (Dato Nina), and D168 (Hajah Hasmah) durian cultivars, while esters are predominant in D99 (Kop Kecil), D24 (Bukit Merah), and D160 (Musang Queen) durian cultivars. D197 (Musang King) cultivar has an almost equal composition of sulfur-containing volatiles and esters. In the ester predominated volatile durian oil, Et 2-methylbutanoate and Pr 2-methylbutanoate are the major volatile compounds, while the durian cultivars with predominant sulfur-containing volatiles mainly contain di-Et disulfide, di-Et trisulfide, and 3,5-dimethyl-1,2,4-trithiolane. The durian cultivars were clustered into 8 clusters using principal component anal., with 3 clusters consisting of 2 cultivars, and with the remaining cultivars clustered individually. The highly sought-after durian cultivars, D160 and D197, were clustered into one. Hierarchal clustering anal. identified the distinct compounds which discriminate every durian cultivar.

Natural Product Communications published new progress about Durio zibethinus. 5405-41-4 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Ethyl 3-hydroxybutanoate, and the molecular formula is C6H12O3, Recommanded Product: Ethyl 3-hydroxybutanoate.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Arslaner, Ayla published the artcileProbiotic ice cream with Malus floribunda fruit sauce: Quality properties, mineral, and volatile composition, Recommanded Product: Ethyl 2-hydroxyacetate, the main research area is Malus probiotic ice cream.

This study investigated the effect of Malus floribunda fruit sauce (MFS) on the quality properties, minerals, volatiles, and viability of Lactobacillus acidophilus La-5 in probiotic ice creams. The MFS increased the dry matter, acidity, total sugar, invert sugar, and calories while decreasing fat, protein, ash, sucrose contents, viscosity, overrun, first dripping, complete melting time, and the pH of samples. The heavy metal contents were within safe limits. The MFS increased the perception of a fruity taste/aroma due to the increase in the terpenes and terpenoids, which reflected pos. on the sensory scores. The highest taste and odor score (4.72) was seen in the MFIC sample. L. acidophilus La-5 counts (7.49 log cfu/g) and the survival rate (100.69%) of MFIC were significantly higher at the end of storage. Consequently, MFS may be used as a source of flavoring agents in ice cream and MFIC is a satisfactory vehicle for L. acidophilus La-5. Novelty impact statement : There is no study in the scientific literature on the use of Malus floribunda fruit sauce (MFS) as a potential functional ingredient in probiotic ice cream production MFS supplementation caused a significant change of volatile compounds in ice cream samples, which reflected pos. on the sensory scores. MFS enhanced survival rates of Lactobacillus acidophilus La-5 in ice creams during the 60 days of storage.

Journal of Food Processing and Preservation published new progress about Escherichia coli. 623-50-7 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Ethyl 2-hydroxyacetate, and the molecular formula is C4H8O3, Recommanded Product: Ethyl 2-hydroxyacetate.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Howard, Micheal Seamus published the artcileEthanolic gasoline, a lignocellulosic advanced biofuel, Related Products of esters-buliding-blocks, the main research area is ethanolic gasoline lignocellulosic biofuel combustion.

In line with society’s growing need for a more sustainable fuel economy, various biofuels and alternative fuel formulations are being proposed. In this work, the ignition quality of a novel tricomponent advanced biofuel is examined Et levulinate, di-Et ether and ethanol (EL/DEE/EtOH) result from the acid hydrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass in ethanol. In this paper, derived cetane numbers are established for a wide variety of blend fractions, using Ignition Quality Tester measurements. EL/DEE/EtOH mixtures of ignition quality equivalent to market diesel and gasoline are identified. One mixture of Motor Octane Number (MON) 88.3 and Research Octane Number (RON) 95 is selected for detailed anal. in comparison to a FACE (Fuels for Advanced Combustion Engines) gasoline, as a representative of petroleum-derived gasoline, with a similar MON of 88.8 and RON of 94.4. Ignition delay times for the EL/DEE/EtOH gasoline fuel are measured using a rapid compression machine at equivalence ratios of 0.5 and 1.0, at 20 and 40 bar over a temperature range of 600-900 K. The data shows that at temperatures >800 K, the EL/DEE/EtOH fuel behaves quite similar to the petroleum derived gasoline, FACE-F. However, the tri-component biofuel shows a dramatically truncated extent of ignition reactivity at lower temperatures, with a total absence of low-temperature chem. or neg. temperature coefficient (NTC) region; in this respect this biofuel blend is very different to conventional gasoline. To understand this differing behavior, a detailed chem. kinetic model is developed. Anal. of this model shows that ignition of the EL/DEE/EtOH blend is inhibited by the dominance of alkyl radical elimination pathways, which leads to a heightened rate of production of HO2 radicals. At high temperatures, while both fuels maintain a similar ignition delay time, the sensitivity anal. and the radical pool population shows that a different combustion mechanism is occurring for the EL/DEE/EtOH fuel, where Et and Me radicals play a much more prominent role in the ignition process.

Sustainable Energy & Fuels published new progress about Acid hydrolysis. 539-88-8 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Ethyl 4-oxopentanoate, and the molecular formula is C7H12O3, Related Products of esters-buliding-blocks.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Ariba, Houda published the artcilePhysicochemical Properties for the Reaction Systems: Levulinic Acid, Its Esters, and γ-Valerolactone, Recommanded Product: Ethyl 4-oxopentanoate, the main research area is physicochem property reaction system levulinate ester valerolactone.

The use of biomass, particularly, a second-generation one, as a renewable raw material is crucial to sustain the chem. industry. To favor the development of such processes, one needs to make a cost evaluation, which requires the knowledge of process thermodn. and kinetics. In this paper, measurements of different physicochem. properties (viscosity, d., refractive index, and sp. heat capacity) were done for the systems: hydrogenation of levulinic acid or its esters to γ-valerolactone. From those physicochem. measurements, it was possible to extract the ones of the intermediates and perform a thermodn. model assessment by using Aspen Plus. The Redlich-Kwong-Soave cubic equation of state and Benedict-Webb-Rubin-Starling virial equation of state are suitable to describe these chem. systems.

Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data published new progress about Biomass refining. 539-88-8 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Ethyl 4-oxopentanoate, and the molecular formula is C7H12O3, Recommanded Product: Ethyl 4-oxopentanoate.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Tian, Hongli published the artcileSulfated ordinary clay for acid-catalyzed conversion of biomass derivatives: Impacts of abundance and types of acidic sites on catalytic performance, COA of Formula: C7H12O3, the main research area is sulfated ordinary clay catalyst calcination furfuryl alc ethyl levulinate; physiochem property.

Ordinary clay is an abundantly available material for use as catalyst support. In this study, sulfuric acid was used as sulfonating agent to prepare sulfated clay-based super-acid catalyst. The effects of sulfuric acid concentration and calcination temperature on physiochem. properties, interaction of sulfur species with the oxides in clay, distribution of Bronsted acid sites and Lewis acid sites were characterized with XRD, pore structure anal., FT-IR, elemental anal., NH3-temperature programmed desorption (NH3-TPD) and Pyridine-DRIFTS etc. The catalytic performance of different catalysts was evaluated by conversion of furfuryl alc. (FA) to Et levulinate (EL). The results showed that sulfuric acid reacted with alumina in clay to form Al2(SO4)3, thus changing structure and crystal phase of the catalyst. Increasing calcination temperature enhanced the interaction between sulfate species and clay, the retaining of sulfur on clay surface and the formation of more Bronsted acid sites while less Lewis acid sites. In addition, balanced distribution of the acidic sites was crucial for selective conversion of FA to EL. Over the clay catalyst impregnated with 4 M H2SO4 and calcined at 300°C, the yield of EL could reach 90%. The catalyst was not stable in polar solvent like ethanol due to leaching of sulfur species, while in aprotic solvent like DMSO, the catalyst maintained a good catalytic stability.

Journal of Solid State Chemistry published new progress about Bronsted acidity. 539-88-8 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Ethyl 4-oxopentanoate, and the molecular formula is C7H12O3, COA of Formula: C7H12O3.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics