Tag: M.W=100-150

Yasuno, Takumi published the artcileFullerene derivatives as dual inhibitors of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase and protease, COA of Formula: C4H8O3, the main research area is pyridinium fullerene preparation dual inhibitor HIV reverse transcriptase protease; piperidinium fullerene preparation dual inhibitor HIV reverse transcriptase protease; proline fullerene preparation dual inhibitor HIV reverse transcriptase protease; Fullerene; HIV protease; HIV reverse transcriptase.

In the present study, we newly synthesized three types of novel fullerene derivatives: pyridinium-type derivatives, piperidinium-type derivatives, and proline-type derivatives Among the assessed compounds, some were found to inhibit both HIV reverse transcriptase and HIV protease (HIV-PR), with IC50 values in the low micromolar range being observed Regarding HIV-PR inhibition activity, proline-type derivatives, bearing an alkyl chain between the hydroxylmethylcarbonyl (HMC) moiety and pyrrolidine ring, were more potent than other derivatives This result might indicate that connecting HMC moieties with proline-type fullerene derivatives through properly sized alkyl chain leads to improved HIV-PR inhibitory activity.

Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters published new progress about AIDS (disease). 623-50-7 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Ethyl 2-hydroxyacetate, and the molecular formula is C4H8O3, COA of Formula: C4H8O3.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Bruna-Maynou, Fernanda J. published the artcileFlavored Sherry vinegar with citric notes: Characterization and effect of ultrasound in the maceration of orange peels, Application of Ethyl 3-hydroxybutanoate, the main research area is Citrus sherry vinegar isobutyl acetate carvone ultrasound food product; Orange peel; Sensory analysis, GC-O; Sherry vinegar; Ultrasounds; Volatile compounds.

Accelerated maceration experiments of orange peels in Sherry vinegar employing ultrasounds (US) have been carried out. Their effect on the vinegars volatile composition as well as on its olfactometric and sensory characteristics have been evaluated. The optimal conditions for the ultrasounds were determined as follows: sonication power 550 W/L; pulses 40 s On and 20 s Off; with orange peel 200 g/L established previously. Statistical studies showed that maceration under ultrasounds increased volatile compounds content, since the vinegars obtained showed a high content in alcs., aldehydes and terpenes. Regarding the olfactometric study, the control vinegar exhibited the lowest values for the “”floral””, “”greasy”” or “”citric”” categories and the highest value for the “”sweet”” category, whereas the US macerated vinegars presented the highest and lowest values for the “”floral”” and the “”acid”” categories, resp. Based on their sensory evaluation, the panel members preferred the vinegar where orange peels had macerated under ultrasounds for 90 min. According to the results, ultrasound is a technol. that could be employed to broaden the range of products manufactured by Sherry vinegar producers.

Food Research International published new progress about Citrus sinensis. 5405-41-4 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Ethyl 3-hydroxybutanoate, and the molecular formula is C6H12O3, Application of Ethyl 3-hydroxybutanoate.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Dugkhuntod, Pannida published the artcileSynthesis of hierarchical ZSM-12 nanolayers for levulinic acid esterification with ethanol to ethyl levulinate, Application of Ethyl 4-oxopentanoate, the main research area is zeolite nanolayer synthesis levulinic acid ethanol esterification.

Hierarchical ZSM-12 nanolayers have been successfully synthesized via a one-pot hydrothermal process using dimethyloctadecyl[3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl]ammonium chloride (TPOAC) as a secondary organic structure-directing agent (OSDA). This clearly demonstrates that the TPOAC content and the crystallization time are crucial parameters for the formation of nanolayered structures. The presence of such a structure significantly improves the mesoporosity of ZSM-12 by generating interstitial mesopores between nanolayers, eventually resulting in enhancing external surface areas and mesopore volumes, and subsequently promoting the mol. diffusion inside a zeolite framework. To illustrate its advantages as a heterogeneous catalyst, hierarchical ZSM-12 nanolayers were applied in the catalytic application of an esterification of levulinic acid with ethanol to Et levulinate. Interestingly, hierarchical ZSM-12 nanolayers exhibit an improvement of catalytic activity in terms of levulinic acid conversion (78.5%) and Et levulinate selectivity (98.7%) compared with other frameworks of hierarchical zeolite nanosheets, such as ZSM-5 and FAU. The example reported herein demonstrates an efficient way to synthesize a unidimensional pore zeolite with hierarchical nanolayered structure via a dual template method and also opens up perspectives for the application of different hierarchical porous systems of zeolites in the bulky-mol. reactions such as in the case of levulinic acid esterification with ethanol.

RSC Advances published new progress about Crystallization. 539-88-8 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Ethyl 4-oxopentanoate, and the molecular formula is C7H12O3, Application of Ethyl 4-oxopentanoate.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Liu, Shijun published the artcileMultifunctional Ce/ZrSi Catalyst Synergistically Converting 1,4-Pentanediol Derived from Levulinic Acids to Renewable Pentadiene, Computed Properties of 539-88-8, the main research area is ceria zirconium catalyst synergism levulinic acid hydrogenation pentanediol pentadiene.

Here, an innovative approach to produce renewable pentadiene is described: converting levulinic acids to 1,4-pentanediol, followed by dehydration to pentadiene affording 77.5% yield over a multifunctional Ce/ZrSi catalyst. Impressively, a synergistic effect between Ce and ZrSi was disclosed for the direct dehydration, and further transformation was relatively stimulated from the undesirable product 2-methyltetrahydrofuran toward pentadiene. Moreover, the direct dehydration took priority over the pentadiene synthesis among the two reaction pathways.

ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering published new progress about Green chemistry. 539-88-8 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Ethyl 4-oxopentanoate, and the molecular formula is C7H12O3, Computed Properties of 539-88-8.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Castro, Gabriel Abranches Dias published the artcileMicrowave-assisted green synthesis of levulinate esters as biofuel precursors using calix[4]arene as an organocatalyst under solvent-free conditions, Formula: C7H12O3, the main research area is levulinate ester sulfonic acid calixarene organocatalyst microwave green synthesis.

Levulinic acid, one of the top 12 value-added chems., can be obtained by the transformation of biomass by acid catalysis. Alkyl levulinate has been widely explored as a precursor for obtaining renewable fuel additives. In this work, the organocatalyst CX4SO3H was employed for the first time as an organocatalyst for levulinic acid esterification reactions. Various parameters, such as the temperature, reaction time, and catalyst load, were investigated. The optimized reaction conditions were a reaction temperature of 80°C (MWI), a reaction time of 2.5 min, a CX4SO3H catalyst load of 1 mol% and solvent-free conditions. Ten different alcs. were evaluated for the synthesis of alkyl levulinate with high yields (ca. 99%), with the exception of tert-Bu alc. (13% yield). The levulinic acid esterification reaction, a type of green chem. reaction, has many advantages such as (i) creation of a new C-O bonds, (ii) water being the sole waste, (iii) 100% carbon economy, (iv) metal- and solvent-free processes, (v) short time and (vi) nontoxic and reusable organocatalysts. These advantages, along with the simple workup procedure, make this efficient protocol a greener alternative to the traditional methods used for the synthesis of levulinate esters to generate biofuels.

Sustainable Energy & Fuels published new progress about Green chemistry. 539-88-8 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Ethyl 4-oxopentanoate, and the molecular formula is C7H12O3, Formula: C7H12O3.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Kim, Juyeon published the artcileProcess integration and economics of gamma-valerolactone using a cellulose-derived ethyl levulinate intermediate and ethanol solvent, HPLC of Formula: 539-88-8, the main research area is ethyl levulinate gamma valerolactone preparation.

This study combines two catalytic conversion strategies, cellulose to Et levulinate and subsequently to gamma-valerolactone, into an integrated process. The effect of integrating the cellulose-to-Et levulinate and Et levulinate-to-gamma-valerolactone processes on a com. scale is investigated to improve energy efficiency and economics by performing a process simulation study. The conversion strategies show a low energy efficiency of 6.8% using excess ethanol solvent to achieve high yields of Et levulinate and gamma-valerolactone; however, in the integrated process, 0.4% of the ethanol and 30.8% of the cellulose-to-Et levulinate heat requirements are supplied by the Et levulinate-to-gamma-valerolactone process. The min. selling price for the integrated process is estimated to be $5.63/kg gamma-valerolactone, which makes it an economically feasible option for gamma-valerolactone production Finally, we conducted a sensitivity anal. of key parameters (cellulose price, steam price, and ethanol price) highly depending on the min. selling price of gamma-valerolactone.

Energy (Oxford, United Kingdom) published new progress about Heat exchangers. 539-88-8 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Ethyl 4-oxopentanoate, and the molecular formula is C7H12O3, HPLC of Formula: 539-88-8.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Ramli, Nur Aainaa Syahirah published the artcileStudy of Density, Surface Tension, and Refractive Index of Binary Mixtures Containing Alkyl Levulinate and n-Alcohol from 298.15 to 323.15 K, Product Details of C7H12O3, the main research area is surface tension refractive index binary mixture alkyl levulinate alc.

Alkyl levulinate, prepared from the esterification of levulinic acid and n-alc., has the potential to be used as a fuel additive. Alc. has also been used as an additive in fuel to improve ignition and combustion characteristics to a certain extent. For this reason, the properties of mixtures containing these compounds are of particular interest. Herein, measurements of d. (ρ), surface tension (γ), and refractive index (n) were conducted for three binary mixtures of Me levulinate-methanol (ML-M), Et levulinate-ethanol (EL-E), and Bu levulinate-butanol (BL-B). These properties were measured over the entire range of compositions in 0.1 increments of the molar fraction of the components in the temperature range of T = 298.15-323.15 K and at an atm. pressure of p = 0.1 MPa. The exptl. data were used to calculate the excess and deviation properties, i.e., excess molar volumes (VmΕ), surface tension deviations (Δγ), and molar refraction deviations (ΔR). The VmΕ, Δγ, and ΔR values were fitted to the Redlich-Kister polynomial equation. The VmΕ and ΔR values were neg. for all compositions, whereas Δγ exhibited both neg. and pos. values at different compositions The mol. interactions of the binary mixtures are discussed from these excess and deviation functions. Furthermore, the Jouyban-Acree model was used for the correlation of properties: d., surface tension, and refractive index of the studied mixtures at different temperatures (T = 298.15-323.15 K). The results are expected to provide fundamental data for understanding the properties of alkyl levulinate as a potential bio-based fuel additive.

Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data published new progress about Binary mixtures. 539-88-8 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Ethyl 4-oxopentanoate, and the molecular formula is C7H12O3, Product Details of C7H12O3.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Wang, Honghai published the artcilePreparation and Application of Magnetic Nano-Solid Acid Catalyst Fe3O4-PDA-SO3H, Safety of Ethyl 4-oxopentanoate, the main research area is iron oxide polydopamine sulfonic acid magnetic nanosolid catalyst.

A magnetic nano-solid acid catalyst Fe3O4-PDA-SO3H was synthesized through an efficient method, as an eco-friendly and more efficient catalyst. The obtained catalyst has uniform core-shell structure, appropriate particle size, and high acid d. Fe3O4-PDA-SO3H was applied to catalyze the esterification of levulinic acid (LA) with alcs. of different chain length to produce the levulinate esters. The catalytic effect was optimized from the aspects of catalyst dosage, reaction temperature, and acid-alc. molar ratio. Furthermore, the response surface optimization method was used to obtain the optimal conditions. Verified under these conditions, the exptl. results showed that the conversion rate of LA can reach 95.87%, which was much higher than common cationic exchange resin Amberlyst 36 and Amberlyst 46. Furthermore, the recovery and reuse of the Fe3O4-PDA-SO3H was demonstrated six times without obvious loss in the activity.

Energies (Basel, Switzerland) published new progress about Cation exchange. 539-88-8 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Ethyl 4-oxopentanoate, and the molecular formula is C7H12O3, Safety of Ethyl 4-oxopentanoate.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

El-Hefnawy, Mohamed E. published the artcileEndogenous bioethanol production by solid-state prefermentation for enhanced crude bio-oil recovery through integrated hydrothermal liquefaction of seaweeds, Application of Ethyl 4-oxopentanoate, the main research area is biomass endogenous bioethanol fermentation oil recovery hydrothermal liquefaction seaweed.

The present study evaluated the action of endogenous bioethanol produced during solid-state fermentation of Ulva spp. on subsequent hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL). HTL of raw biomass (RB) was compared with HTL of the fermented biomass after bioethanol separation (F-Aqua) and HTL of the whole fermentation broth containing the bioethanol (F-Eth). Optimization of fermentation conditions increased the ethanol yield efficiency (Yeff) and specific ethanol yield (SEY) from 23.55% and 0.120 g g-1 sugar consumed to 43.97% and 0.224 g g-1 sugar consumed, resp. TGA and FTIR anal. confirmed noticeable changes in the thermal profile and functional groups of the fermented residue with increased volatiles and lower ash content. Among different HTL treatments, F-Eth showed the highest bio-oil yield of 24.96% at 250°C, which was 37.7% and 39.0% higher than that of RB and F-Aqua, resp. In addition, hydrocarbons and esters in the bio-oil represented the dominant compounds in F-Aqua and F-Eth, altogether 28.28% and 68.58%, resp., compared to 17.96% in RB. Economic anal. for a proposed 100 ton year-1 plant confirmed that HTL of the whole fermentation broth containing endogenous bioethanol enhanced the gross energy output to 8.152 GJ ton-1, which represented 4.2-time, 51.1%, and 23.3% higher than individual bioethanol production, individual bio-oil production, and sequential bioethanol/bio-oil recovery, with the highest net annual profit of 29553 US$ compared to 23391 US$ for the sequential production

Journal of Cleaner Production published new progress about Acid hydrolysis. 539-88-8 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Ethyl 4-oxopentanoate, and the molecular formula is C7H12O3, Application of Ethyl 4-oxopentanoate.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Mesbah, Noha M. published the artcileCovalent immobilization of a halophilic, alkalithermostable lipase LipR2 on Florisil nanoparticles for production of alkyl levulinates, Safety of Ethyl 4-oxopentanoate, the main research area is immobilization lipase LipR2 Florisil Alkalispirillum; Alkalithermophile; Alkyl levulinate; Florisil; Halophile; Immobilized lipase; Wadi an Natrun.

A novel halophilic, alkalithermostable lipase LipR2 from Alkalispirillum sp. NM-ROO2 was cloned and expressed. LipR2 was covalently immobilized on Florisil functionalized with glutaraldehyde. Protein binding efficiency of functionalized Florisil was 94.7%. Immobilized LipR2 retained 97.5% of specific activity of the free enzyme. Free LipR2 has maximal activity at 52°C, pH 9.3 and 1.9 M NaCl and is resistant to surfactants and organic solvents. Immobilization enhanced LipR2’s extreme characteristics, and increased thermostability of LipR2 with the half-life at 50°C increasing three-fold. Immobilized LipR2 was used as a biocatalyst for esterification of levulinic acid with n-butanol. Under optimal conditions, a 45.9% ester yield was obtained after 12 h. Immobilized LipR2 catalyzed production of Et levulinate and 1-dodecyl levulinate with 48.8% and 26.2% ester yields, resp. When used in repetitive batch esterification, LipR2 retained 69%, 57% and 18.5% of initial activity on esterification of levulinic acid with ethanol, n-butanol and 1-dodecanol, resp.

Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics published new progress about Alkalispirillum. 539-88-8 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Ethyl 4-oxopentanoate, and the molecular formula is C7H12O3, Safety of Ethyl 4-oxopentanoate.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics