Tag: M.W=100-150

Deng, Tianyu published the artcileContinuous Hydrogenation of Ethyl Levulinate to 1,4-Pentanediol over 2.8Cu-3.5Fe/SBA-15 Catalyst at Low Loading: The Effect of Fe Doping, Quality Control of 539-88-8, the main research area is hydrogenation ethyl levulinate pentanediol catalyst iron doping; copper; doping; heterogeneous catalysis; hydrogenation; iron.

Bimetallic Cu-Fe catalysts with low loading were prepared for hydrogenation of Et levulinate (EL) to 1,4-pentanediol (1,4-PDO). Among them, 2.8Cu-3.5Fe/SBA-15 (Cu/Fe molar ratio of 1:1.5) performed best, capable of converting EL to the key intermediate γ-valerolactone (GVL) at 140 °C with 97 % yield. It can also be used to hydrogenate GVL to 1,4-PDO with 92.6 % selectivity or convert EL to 1,4-PDO in one pot. The high activity of the catalyst at such a low loading was attributed to the highly dispersed metal species and the Fe doping effect. Various characterization methods indicated that Fe acted as both structural and electronic modifier to promote the chem. properties of the Cu species. Besides, the incorporation of Fe provided abundant Lewis acid sites and accelerated the reaction process. CuFeO2 was detected by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, XPS, and XRD. On the basis of a combination of characterization and reaction kinetics, synergistic catalysis by Cu0 and CuFeO2 is considered to be responsible for the excellent performance of the Cu-Fe catalysts.

ChemSusChem published new progress about Hydrogenation. 539-88-8 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Ethyl 4-oxopentanoate, and the molecular formula is C7H12O3, Quality Control of 539-88-8.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Shao, Yuewen published the artcileSelective production of valerolactone or 1,4-pentanediol from levulinic acid/esters over Co-based catalyst and importance of synergy of hydrogenation sites and acidic sites, Category: esters-buliding-blocks, the main research area is magnesium cobalt catalyst ethyl levulinate hydrogenation valerolactone pentanediol.

γ-Valerolactone (GVL) or 1,4-pentanediol (1,4-PDO) are the value-added chems., selectivities of which from conversion of levulinic acid/ester depend on balanced distribution of metallic sites and other active sites of the catalysts. In this study, Co-based catalysts with various precursors of LDH structures were synthesized to investigate the roles of hydrogenation, acidic and basic sites in the formation of GVL and 1,4-PDO from Et levulinate (EL). The results indicated that Al in Co-Mg-Al or Co-Al created acidic sites and facilitated cobalt dispersion by developing porous structures and strong interaction with Co species. Kinetic study indicated that the conversion of GVL controlled the formation rate of 1,4-PDO from EL. The superior catalytic activity and recyclability were observed over Co-Mg-Al and Co-Al catalysts, with the selectivity of both of GVL and 1,4-PDO reaching 98%, which was equivalent or superior to noble-metal based catalysts. Bronsted acidic sites in catalyst could facilitate the lactonization of Et 4-hydroxyvalerate to GVL and the ring-opening of GVL to 1,4-PDO, by cooperating with hydrogenation sites. Lewis acidic sites improved the adsorption of substrates and reaction intermediates, accelerating the ring-opening of GVL. The synergy between acidic sites together with hydrogenation sites was the key for achieving the excellent catalytic performance.

Chemical Engineering Journal (Amsterdam, Netherlands) published new progress about Hydrogenation. 539-88-8 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Ethyl 4-oxopentanoate, and the molecular formula is C7H12O3, Category: esters-buliding-blocks.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Hsiao, Chia-Yu published the artcileA comparative study on microwave-assisted catalytic transfer hydrogenation of levulinic acid to γ-valerolactone using Ru/C, Pt/C, and Pd/C, Synthetic Route of 539-88-8, the main research area is levulinic acid hydrogenation valerolactone synthesis ruthenium platinum palladium catalyst.

Conversion of levulinic acid (LA) to γ-valerolactone (GVL) via catalytic transfer hydrogenation (CTH) using conventional heating (CH) involves long reaction times, and low yields. Microwave (MW) heating seems a solution to address these issues as MW accelerates reactions and enhances yields. In this study, three typical catalysts, Ru/C, Pt/C and Pd/C, are compared for LA conversion using MW heating. In comparison to CH processes, MW-assisted processes significantly enhance LA conversion to GVL with higher yields by Ru/C and Pt/C. While elevated temperatures and secondary alcs. are favorable for LA conversion by these catalysts, Ru/C appears as the most effective catalyst as it can reach LA conversion as 100%, selectivity of GVL as 99% and yield of GVL as 99% at 160°C. The results of this study confirm that MW was a promising process for enhancing LA conversion and Ru/C shows the highest catalytic activity, followed by Pt/C and Pd/C.

Chemical Engineering Communications published new progress about Hydrogenation. 539-88-8 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Ethyl 4-oxopentanoate, and the molecular formula is C7H12O3, Synthetic Route of 539-88-8.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Jiang, Liang published the artcileA nitrogen-doped carbon modified nickel catalyst for the hydrogenation of levulinic acid under mild conditions, Synthetic Route of 539-88-8, the main research area is levulinic acid hydrogenation gamma valerolactone carbon modified nickel alumina.

The conversion of levulinic acid (LA) to γ-valerolactone (GVL) is 1 of the most important reactions from biomass-derived platform chems. to value-added chems. N-doped C was introduced into a Ni/Al2O3 catalyst and was employed for the hydrogenation of LA to GVL with a full conversion and equivalent yield under mild conditions, at as low as ambient H pressure and 130° for 6 h. The doping of N introduced NiNx species and the imperfection of modified N-doped C were beneficial for the selective hydrogenation of carbonyl groups. This catalyst showed excellent activity and selectivity in various solvents and could be recycled for at least 6 runs with little deactivation. In addition to LA, various substrates with both carbonyl and carboxyl groups could also be selectively hydrogenated to the corresponding lactones. This study offers both theor. foundation and practical instructions for the high-efficiency conversion of LA to GVL over nonnoble metal catalysts under mild conditions, especially ambient H2 pressure.

Green Chemistry published new progress about Hydrogenation. 539-88-8 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Ethyl 4-oxopentanoate, and the molecular formula is C7H12O3, Synthetic Route of 539-88-8.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Padilla, Rosa published the artcileEfficient catalytic hydrogenation of alkyl levulinates to γ-valerolactone, Synthetic Route of 539-88-8, the main research area is valerolactone preparation alkyl levulinate catalytic hydrogenation.

Efficient hydrogenations of neat alkyl levulinates to γ-valerolactone were achieved with low catalyst loadings of either PNP Ru or Ir complexes, resp., in the presence of a small amount of a base at low temperature and H2 pressure. Quant. conversions and TONs reaching 9300 were achieved. Furthermore, we demonstrate the feasibility of the system to perform several cycles. Finally, deuterium labeling and NMR studies provide insight into the reaction mechanism.

Green Chemistry published new progress about Hydrogenation. 539-88-8 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Ethyl 4-oxopentanoate, and the molecular formula is C7H12O3, Synthetic Route of 539-88-8.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Li, Yafei published the artcileSynthesis of γ-valerolactone from ethyl levulinate hydrogenation and ethyl 4-hydroxypentanoate lactonization over supported Cu-Ni bimetallic, bifunctional catalysts, Related Products of esters-buliding-blocks, the main research area is ethyl levulinate valerolactone hydrogenation bimetallic catalyst.

A stable and highly efficient supported Cu-Ni catalysts for the conversion of Et levulinate (EL) to gamma;-valerolactone (GVL) was developed. The catalysts were characterized by XRD, TEM, TPD, TPR, and XPS. The support effect of metal oxides (Al2O3, SiO2, ZrO2, and TiO2) revealed that Cu-Ni supported on Al2O3 showed the highest activity for EL hydrogenation to Et 4-hydroxypentanoate (EHP) and the subsequent intramol. esterification of EHP to GVL. EHP intramol. esterification to GVL in the ethanol solution was a reversible reaction with an equilibrium constant of 24 at 453 K. A simplified reaction kinetic network was established. The solvent had a significant influence on the reaction equilibrium and the catalyst stability. Cu-Ni/Al2O3 in n-hexane solvent gave a higher GVL yield than that in ethanol solvent, and showed better recyclability than that in toluene solvent. With optimizing the conditions, Cu-Ni/Al2O3 gave 99.9% conversion and 98% selectivity to GVL with a space-time yield of 1.13 gGVL g-1cath-1 in n-hexane solvent with good recyclability.

Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry (Amsterdam, Netherlands) published new progress about Crystallinity. 539-88-8 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Ethyl 4-oxopentanoate, and the molecular formula is C7H12O3, Related Products of esters-buliding-blocks.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Li, Xiaoning published the artcileZirconium-Gallic Acid Coordination Polymer: Catalytic Transfer Hydrogenation of Levulinic Acid and Its Esters into γ-Valerolactone, Related Products of esters-buliding-blocks, the main research area is zirconium catalyst preparation surface structure ethyl levulinate hydrogenation.

The conversion of Et levulinate (EL) to produce γ-valerolactone (GVL) through catalytic transfer hydrogenation (CTH) reaction plays a crucial role in the field of biomass catalytic conversion. In this work, a novel Zr-base catalyst with phenate group, phenolic hydroxyl and carboxyl in its structure was prepared by the co-precipitation of natural sources gallic acid and ZrCl4. It was found that Zr-GA has an excellent catalytic performance for this reaction and satisfactory GVL yield could be achieved. Besides, Zr-GA could be easily separated from the reaction system and reused at least six times without a significantly decrease in activity. Meanwhile, various characterizations had proved that Zr-GA is a porous material with acid-base bifunctional sites. The main reason for the high catalytic activity of the Zr-GA was that the synergetic effects of Lewis acid/base sites and Bronsted acid sites and appropriate textural properties. In addition, a possible reaction mechanism was proposed in conjunction with the poisoning experiment and previous reports. The heterogeneous catalyst Zr-GA prepared with gallic acid as a raw material has low cost and recyclability, and has great potential in green chem.

Catalysis Letters published new progress about Crystallinity. 539-88-8 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Ethyl 4-oxopentanoate, and the molecular formula is C7H12O3, Related Products of esters-buliding-blocks.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Filho, Jose B. G. published the artcilePhotocatalytic reduction of levulinic acid using thermally modified niobic acid, Product Details of C7H12O3, the main research area is photocatalyst reduction levulinic acid thermally modified niobic acid.

After the discovery that com. niobic acid (H0) is able to reduce the levulinic acid in value added mols., H0 was thermally treated at 200°C, 400°C, and 600°C, generating the niobium oxides H1, H2 and H3 and the photocatalytic improvement towards reduction was investigated. Although the higher temperatures significantly decreased the sp. surface area, it was important to remove surface hydroxyl groups and create the T and TT-Nb2O5 phase mixture in H3 which were responsible for its best performance (36.4% of conversion and almost 99% of selectivity for reduced products). To further improve the H3 photoactivity, an identical synthesis was performed in H2 flow to produce oxygen vacancies in the structure of the new photocatalyst (H3OV). This simple modification method increased �% of products yield, which is the best photocatalytic result obtained for pure niobium oxides so far, and proved that it is possible to significantly increase photocatalytic performance without laborious modifications. The electronic and structural differences between H3 and H3OV were investigated by XRD Rietveld refinement, EPR, HR-TEM, DRS and SAED analyses.

Chemical Engineering Journal (Amsterdam, Netherlands) published new progress about Crystallinity. 539-88-8 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Ethyl 4-oxopentanoate, and the molecular formula is C7H12O3, Product Details of C7H12O3.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Cameleyre, Margaux published the artcileImpact of Whisky Lactone Diastereoisomers on Red Wine Fruity Aromatic Expression in Model Solution, HPLC of Formula: 5405-41-4, the main research area is whisky lactone diastereoisomer red wine fruity aroma model; fruity aromatic expression; oak wood; perceptive interactions; red wine; whisky lactone.

The impact of whisky lactone diastereoisomers on the typical fruity expression of red Bordeaux wines was evaluated by sensory anal. The detection thresholds of cis- and trans-whisky lactone in a dilute alc. solution (12% volume/volume) were 20 and 130μg/L, resp. Consequently, considering their average concentrations found in oak-aged red wines, cis-whisky lactone was present at supra threshold levels, whereas trans-whisky lactone was below its detection threshold. Adding these diastereoisomers to a red wine fruity aromatic reconstitution at these average concentrations led to a decrease in the perception of this last one, highlighting a masking effect. Sensory profiles of cis- and trans-whisky lactone confirmed that these compounds modified the perception of fruity aromas, decreasing the intensity of red berry fruit notes and increasing that of blackberry fruit and spicy descriptors.

Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry published new progress about Diastereomers. 5405-41-4 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Ethyl 3-hydroxybutanoate, and the molecular formula is C6H12O3, HPLC of Formula: 5405-41-4.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Fan, Mengjiao published the artcileSwitching production of γ-valerolactone and 1,4-pentanediol from ethyl levulinate via tailoring alkaline sites of CuMg catalyst and hydrogen solubility in reaction medium, Computed Properties of 539-88-8, the main research area is pentanediol gamma valerolactone production ethyl levulinate copper magnesium catalyst.

γ-Valerolactone (GVL) and 1,4-pentanediol (1,4-PeD) are the biomass-derived chems. with the tunable functionalities, serving as the platform for synthesis other value-added product. In this study, we have demonstrated that the production of GVL and 1,4-PeD from Et levulinate (EL), a product from alcoholysis of biomass, could be switched flexibly via tailoring the copper content and abundance of the basic sites in the CuMg catalyst and the reaction medium, achieving the yields up to 99% and 97.7% under optimal exptl. condition. The production of GVL was favored over the CuMg catalyst with the high Cu content, while the abundant basic sites in the CuMg catalyst were the key for further opening of the furan ring in GVL to form 1,4-PeD. Furthermore, the alc. solvent especially isopropanol with the higher hydrogen solubility also facilitated the production of 1,4-PeD. Water as the reaction medium induced significant sintering of Cu in CuMg catalyst, while the alc. solvent could effectively suppress the aggregation of copper species, maintaining the high catalytic stability.

Molecular Catalysis published new progress about Chemisorption. 539-88-8 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Ethyl 4-oxopentanoate, and the molecular formula is C7H12O3, Computed Properties of 539-88-8.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics