Tag: M.W=100-150

Frigo, Stefano published the artcileUtilisation of advanced biofuel in CI internal combustion engine, Name: Ethyl 4-oxopentanoate, the main research area is advanced biofuel internal combustion engine compression ignition utilization.

In recent years, biofuels have been attracting more attention, especially in Europe, due to the new regulations concerning the improvement of renewables in fuel composition The acid-catalyzed alcoholysis reaction of the cellulosic fraction of raw and pre-treated lignocellulosic biomasses, using n-Butanol (n-BuOH) and diluted inorganic acid as homogeneous catalyst, produces a mixture mainly composed by Bu Levulinate (BL) from cellulose, Di-Bu ether (DBE) from n-BuOH etherification and unreacted n-BuOH. This last can be then separated and recycled, so increasing the sustainability of the whole process. BL is directly obtained from cellulosic fraction of not edible biomass and represents a promising advanced biofuel. Therefore, in the different types of blends containing the main products obtainable from the one-pot alcoholysis of lignocellulosic biomasses, BL represents the effective renewable component of the fuel. In this work, different blends of BL/DBE mixed with Diesel fuel were tested in a small single-cylinder air-cooled Diesel engine with direct injection. Data concerning the measurement of pollutant emission, engine performance and combustion characteristics are reported. The mixtures were prepared by using com. reactants, characterized by compositions analogous to those of the reaction mixtures The obtained results evidenced the potentiality of these novel blending mixtures to reduce the emissions of particulate without any increasing of NOx emission or changing in engine power and efficiency.

Fuel published new progress about Alcoholysis. 539-88-8 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Ethyl 4-oxopentanoate, and the molecular formula is C7H12O3, Name: Ethyl 4-oxopentanoate.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Ma, Yan published the artcileDirectional liquefaction of lignocellulosic biomass for value added monosaccharides and aromatic compounds, Computed Properties of 539-88-8, the main research area is lignocellulosic biomass liquefaction monosaccharide aromatic compound.

Using lignocellulosic biomass as a feedstock for sustainable production of platform mols. is of great significance. We examined the directional liquefaction coupled with efficient stepwise fractionation of bamboo biomass into two groups of chems.: monosaccharides and aromatic products. When sulfuric acid was used as the catalyst, a conversion of 70% was achieved with a 40% yield of monosaccharides and a 20% yield of aromatics were obtained at 180°C for 30 min when the catalyst loading was 3.0% per 6.0 g bamboo. The production of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), 5-ethoxymethylfurfural (EMF), Et levulinate (EL) and furfural was analyzed in terms of byproducts formation. Due to similar physiochem. properties in each fraction, the platform mols. could broaden a new paradigm of bamboo biomass utilization for renewable energy and value-added biochems.

Industrial Crops and Products published new progress about Alcoholysis. 539-88-8 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Ethyl 4-oxopentanoate, and the molecular formula is C7H12O3, Computed Properties of 539-88-8.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Quereshi, Shireen published the artcileInsights into Microwave-Assisted Synthesis of 5-Ethoxymethylfurfural and Ethyl Levulinate Using Tungsten Disulfide as a Catalyst, Application of Ethyl 4-oxopentanoate, the main research area is ethoxymethylfurfural ethyl levulinate tungsten disulfide catalyst.

Microwave-assisted synthesis of 5-ethoxymethylfurfural (EMF) and Et levulinate (EL) in the presence of tungsten disulfide has been studied for the first time. The catalyst was synthesized at 600°C in a tubular furnace using elemental tungsten and sulfur to obtain multilayered flakes/sheets of WS2. The textural and morphol. properties of the synthesized WS2 catalyst were characterized using XRD, Raman, SEM, SEM-EDX, TEM, TEM-EDX, HR-TEM, SAED, and surface area analyzer, which showed the formation of multiple two-dimensional layers of sheet/flake-type structure. Activity test of the catalyst in a microwave-assisted reaction resulted in 100% fructose conversion and 62% EMF yield for the experiment performed at 160°C temperature in 15 min. A qual. anal. of the product samples using GC-MS spectrometry showed the presence of several intermediates and byproducts based on which a mechanistic insight into the production of EMF from fructose has been proposed. Application of tungsten disulfide has been explored for the sustainable production of 5-ethoxymethylfurfural and Et levulinate from biorenewable resources.

ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering published new progress about Alcoholysis. 539-88-8 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Ethyl 4-oxopentanoate, and the molecular formula is C7H12O3, Application of Ethyl 4-oxopentanoate.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Wang, Shijie published the artcileExperimental and theoretical studies on glucose conversion in ethanol solution to 5-ethoxymethylfurfural and ethyl levulinate catalyzed by a Bronsted acid, Product Details of C7H12O3, the main research area is Bronsted acid catalyzed glucose ethoxymethylfurfural ethyl levulinate.

The fundamental understanding of glucose conversion to 5-ethoxymethylfurfural (EMF) and Et levulinate (EL) (value-added chems. from biomass) in ethanol solution catalyzed by a Bronsted acid is limited at present. Consequently, here, the reaction pathways and mechanism of glucose conversion to EMF and EL catalyzed by a Bronsted acid were studied, using an exptl. method and quantum chem. calculations at the B3LYP/6-31G(D) and B2PLYPD3/Def2TZVP level under a polarized continuum model (PCM-SMD). By further verification through GC/MS tests, the mechanism and reaction pathways of glucose conversion in ethanol solution catalyzed by a Bronsted acid were revealed, showing that glucose is catalyzed by proton and ethanol, and ethanol plays a bridging role in the process of proton transfer. There are three main reaction pathways: through glucose and Et glucoside (G/EG), through fructose, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), levulinic acid (LA), and EL (G/F/H/L/EL), and through fructose, HMF, EMF, and EL (G/F/H/E/EL). The G/F/H/E/EL pathway with an energy barrier of 20.8 kcal mol-1 is considered as the thermodn. and kinetics primary way, in which the reaction rate of this is highly related to the proton transfer in the isomerization of glucose to fructose. The intermediate HMF was formed from O5 via a ring-opening reaction and by the dehydration of fructose, and was further converted to the main product of EMF by etherification or by LA through hydrolysis. EMF and LA are both unstable, and can partially be transformed to EL. This study is beneficial for the insights aiding the understanding of the process and products controlling biomass conversion in ethanol solution

Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics published new progress about Alcoholysis. 539-88-8 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Ethyl 4-oxopentanoate, and the molecular formula is C7H12O3, Product Details of C7H12O3.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Valera, Maria Jose published the artcileWine Aroma Characterization of the Two Main Fermentation Yeast Species of the Apiculate Genus Hanseniaspora, Quality Control of 5405-41-4, the main research area is Hanseniaspora apiculate genus wine aroma fermentation yeast species.

Hanseniaspora species are the main yeasts isolated from grapes and grape musts. Regarding genetic and phenotypical characterization, especially fermentative behavior, they can be classified in two technol. clusters: the fruit group and the fermentation group. Among the species belonging to the last group, Hanseniaspora osmophila and Hanseniaspora vineae have been previously isolated in spontaneous fermentations of grape must. In this work, the oenol. aptitudes of the two species of the fermentation group were compared with Saccharomyces cerevisiae and the main species of the fruit group, Hanseniaspora uvarum. Both H. osmophila and H. vineae conferred a pos. aroma to final wines and no sensory defects were detected. Wines fermented with H. vineae presented significantly higher concentrations of 2-phenylethyl, tryptophol and tyrosol acetates, acetoin, mevalonolactone, and benzyl alc. compared to H. osmophila. Sensorial anal. showed increased intensity of fruity and flowery notes in wines vinificated with H. vineae. In an evolutionary context, the detoxification of alcs. through a highly acetylation capacity might explain an adaptation to fermentative environments. It was concluded that, although H. vineae show close alc. fermentation adaptations to H. osmophila, the increased activation of phenylpropanoid metabolic pathway is a particular characteristic of H. vineae within this important apiculate genus.

Fermentation published new progress about Acetylation. 5405-41-4 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Ethyl 3-hydroxybutanoate, and the molecular formula is C6H12O3, Quality Control of 5405-41-4.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Zaccone, Ferdinando published the artcileAn Alternative Enzymatic Route to the Ergogenic Ketone Body Ester (R)-3-Hydroxybutyl (R)-3-Hydroxybutyrate, Related Products of esters-buliding-blocks, the main research area is esterhydroxybutylhydroxybutyrate ergogenic ketone body alternative enzymic route.

Recent studies have highlighted the therapeutic and ergogenic potential of the ketone body ester, (R)-3-hydroxybutyl-(R)-3-hydroxybutyrate. In the present work, the enzymic synthesis of this biol. active compound is reported. The (R)-3-hydroxybutyl-(R)-3-hydroxybutyrate has been produced through the transesterification of racemic Et 3-hydroxybutyrate with (R)-1,3-butanediol by exploiting the selectivity of Candida antarctica lipase B (CAL-B). The needed (R)-1,3-butanediol was in turn obtained from the kinetic resolution of the racemate achieved by acetylation with vinyl acetate, also in this case, thanks to the enantioselectivity of the CAL-B used as catalyst. Finally, the stereochem. inversion of the unreacted (S) enantiomers of the Et 3-hydroxybutyate and 1,3- butanediol accomplished by known procedure allowed to increase the overall yield of the synthetic pathway by incorporating up to 70% of the starting racemic reagents into the final product.

Catalysts published new progress about Acetylation. 5405-41-4 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Ethyl 3-hydroxybutanoate, and the molecular formula is C6H12O3, Related Products of esters-buliding-blocks.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Pryde, David C. published the artcileThe discovery of potent small molecule activators of human STING, Safety of Ethyl 2-hydroxyacetate, the main research area is human STING activator preparation oxindole benzothiazine quinoline oxazine benzazepine; Cytokines; Immunotherapy; Interferon genes; STING.

The adaptor protein STING plays a major role in innate immune sensing of cytosolic nucleic acids, by triggering a robust interferon response. Despite the importance of this protein as a potential therapeutic target for serious unmet medical conditions including cancer and infectious disease there remains a paucity of STING ligands. Starting with a benzothiazinone series of weak STING activators (human EC50 ∼10μM) we identified several chemotypes with sub-micromolar STING activity across all the major protein polymorphs. An example compound I, based on an oxindole core structure, demonstrated robust on-target functional activation of STING (human EC50 185 nM) in immortalized and primary cells and a cytokine induction fingerprint consistent with STING activation. Our study has identified several related series of potent small mol. human STING activators with potential to be developed as immunomodulatory therapeutics.

European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry published new progress about Homo sapiens. 623-50-7 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Ethyl 2-hydroxyacetate, and the molecular formula is C4H8O3, Safety of Ethyl 2-hydroxyacetate.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Chen, Zhiyong published the artcileStudy on the formation of ethyl levulinate from wheat straw based on a model compound, COA of Formula: C7H12O3, the main research area is ethyl levulinate wheat straw glucose microcrystalline cellulose.

Glucose and microcrystalline cellulose were selected as model compounds to investigate the formation of Et levulinate (EL). Optimal glucose and microcrystalline cellulose transformation conditions resulted in yields of 41.05 weight% and 38.56 weight% for EL, 0.73 weight% and 2.63 weight% for ethyl-glucoside (EG), 0.42 weight% and 0.36 weight% for 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), and 2.18 weight% and 2.16 weight% for 5-ethoxy Me furfural (EMF), resp. Increasing the reaction time and temperature resulted in an optimized yield of EL. These increases also resulted in decreased EG and EMF yield, and the change trend of HMF was not significant. EMF, HMF, and EG are intermediates in the formation of EL. Finally, we concluded that biomass conversion occurs first through cellulose degradation to glucose followed by the production of EG through alcoholysis and hydrolysis and dehydration of the reaction products to produce EL.

Journal of Biobased Materials and Bioenergy published new progress about Liquefaction. 539-88-8 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Ethyl 4-oxopentanoate, and the molecular formula is C7H12O3, COA of Formula: C7H12O3.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Soelter, Jan published the artcileComputational exploration of molecular receptive fields in the olfactory bulb reveals a glomerulus-centric chemical map, SDS of cas: 5405-41-4, the main research area is dorsal olfactory bulb glomerulus centric chem map computational exploration.

Progress in olfactory research is currently hampered by incomplete knowledge about chem. receptive ranges of primary receptors. Moreover, the chem. logic underlying the arrangement of computational units in the olfactory bulb has still not been resolved. We undertook a large-scale approach at characterizing mol. receptive ranges (MRRs) of glomeruli in the dorsal olfactory bulb (dOB) innervated by the MOR18-2 olfactory receptor, also known as Olfr78, with human ortholog OR51E2. Guided by an iterative approach that combined biol. screening and machine learning, we selected 214 odorants to characterize the response of MOR18-2 and its neighboring glomeruli. We found that a combination of conventional physico-chem. and vibrational mol. descriptors performed best in predicting glomerular responses using nonlinear Support-Vector Regression. We also discovered several previously unknown odorants activating MOR18-2 glomeruli, and obtained detailed MRRs of MOR18-2 glomeruli and their neighbors. Our results confirm earlier findings that demonstrated tunotopy, i.e., glomeruli with similar tuning curves tend to be located in spatial proximity in the dOB. In addition, our results indicate chemotopy, i.e., a preference for glomeruli with similar physico-chem. MRR descriptions being located in spatial proximity. Together, these findings suggest the existence of a partial chem. map underlying glomerular arrangement in the dOB. Our methodol. that combines machine learning and physiol. measurements lights the way towards future high-throughput studies to deorphanise and characterize structure-activity relationships in olfaction.

Scientific Reports published new progress about Homo sapiens. 5405-41-4 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Ethyl 3-hydroxybutanoate, and the molecular formula is C6H12O3, SDS of cas: 5405-41-4.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Korenika, Ana-Marija Jagatic published the artcileInfluence of L. thermotolerans and S. cerevisiae commercial yeast sequential inoculation on aroma composition of red wines (Cv Trnjak, Babic, Blatina and Frankovka), COA of Formula: C6H12O3, the main research area is cerevisiae yeast aroma red wines.

Even though Saccharomyces cerevisiae starter cultures are still largely used nowadays, the non-Saccharomyces contribution is re-evaluated, showing pos. enol. characteristics. Among them, Lachancea thermotolerans is one of the key yeast species that are desired for their contribution to wine sensory characteristics. The main goal of this work was to explore the impact of L. thermotolerans com. yeast strain used in sequential inoculation with S. cerevisiae com. yeast on the main enol. parameters and volatile aroma profile of Trnjak, BabiC, Blatina, and Frankovka red wines and compare it with wines produced by the use of S. cerevisiae com. yeast strain. In all sequential fermented wines, lactic acid concentrations were significantly higher, ranging from 0.20 mg/L in Trnjak up to 0.92 mg/L in Frankovka wines, while reducing alc. levels from 0.1% volume/volume in Trnjak up to 0.9% volume/volume in Frankovka wines. Among volatile compounds, a significant increase of Et lactate and iso-Bu acetate, geraniol, and geranyl acetate was detected in all wines made by use of L. thermotolerans. In BabiC wines, the strongest influence of sequential fermentation was connected with higher total terpenes and total ester concentrations, while Trnjak sequentially fermented wines stood up with higher total aldehyde, volatile phenol, and total lactone concentrations Control wines, regardless of variety, stood up with higher concentrations of total higher alcs., especially isoamyl alc. The present work contributed to a better understanding of the fermentation possibilities of selected non-Saccharomyces strains in the overall red wine quality modeling.

Fermentation published new progress about Fermentation. 5405-41-4 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Ethyl 3-hydroxybutanoate, and the molecular formula is C6H12O3, COA of Formula: C6H12O3.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics