Tag: M.W=100-150

Andrews, Fred published the artcileChemical processing of lingo-cellulosic biomass sugars for biofuel, COA of Formula: C7H12O3, the main research area is review lingocellulosic biomass sugar biofuel.

Bio-refineries convert biomass into high-value chems., which is essential for long-term development. One of the most significant raw sources for bio-refineries is Ligno-Cellulosic Biomass (LCB), which comprises polysaccharides and aromatic polymers. Effective pretreatment procedures may extract hexose and pentose sugars from LCB, which can then be turned into high-value chems. and biofuels including 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), Levulinic Acid (LA), γ-valerolactone (GVL), Et Levulinate (EL), and 5- ethoxymethylfurfural (EMF). EMF has the highest cetane number and the best oxidation stability among these biofuels. The mechanism of various major stages of EMF synthesis from LCB-derived sugars, as well as recent research developments on acid catalysts employed in this reaction. The effect of mono and bi-functional acid catalyst characteristics and structures on the selectivity of EMF from glucose was examined, as well as the effect of reaction conditions on EMF yield.

ChemXpress published new progress about Biofuels. 539-88-8 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Ethyl 4-oxopentanoate, and the molecular formula is C7H12O3, COA of Formula: C7H12O3.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Marks, Caroline published the artcileMinimal viable sugar yield of biomass pretreatment, Category: esters-buliding-blocks, the main research area is biomass hydrolysis biofuel.

The pretreatment of biomass and the subsequent enzymic hydrolysis to sugars play an important role in the production of biofuels from lignocellulosic biomass. However, the influence of pretreatment and hydrolysis yields on the production pathway performance of biofuels is rarely researched from the beginning. Moreover, a clear trade-off between economic efficiency and environmental impact exists. Production pathways can be evaluated with reaction network flux anal. (RNFA) ( Voll A and Marquardt W, Reaction network flux anal.: Optimization-based evaluation of reaction pathways for biorenewables processing. AIChE J 58(6):1788-1801 (2012)). Utilizing RNFA, this study explores the influence of biomass pretreatment, focusing on changes in biomass composition, fractionation efficiency, and sugar yield after hydrolysis on the production performance of biofuels for several pretreatment concepts and several wood sources. The results show that, for ethanol and Et levulinate production, specific fuel costs and carbon loss correlate reciprocally with the yields of pretreatment and hydrolysis. For a constant biofuel output, the main cost driver is the feed stream of biomass, which decreases with an improved overall sugar yield after pretreatment. Furthermore, above a threshold value, specific fuel costs increase strongly with carbon loss. As a result, a minimal yield of 40% carbohydrates from wood seems to be the limit of viable production in the processes that were considered. We therefore developed a facile strategy to assess the performance of pretreatment and hydrolysis in biomass processing © 2020 The Authors. Biofuels, Bioproducts, and Biorefining published by Society of Chem. Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Biofuels, Bioproducts & Biorefining published new progress about Biofuels. 539-88-8 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Ethyl 4-oxopentanoate, and the molecular formula is C7H12O3, Category: esters-buliding-blocks.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Zainol, Muzakkir Mohammad published the artcileGlucose-derived bio-fuel additive via ethanolysis catalyzed by zinc modified sulfonated carbon, Recommanded Product: Ethyl 4-oxopentanoate, the main research area is Glucose derived additive ethanolysis zinc modified sulfonated carbon.

The transformation of biomass derivative components such as glucose to levulinate esters via direct conversion in alc. with acid catalyst has attracted great attention. In this study, the sulfonate urea-furfural carbon cryogel doped with zinc (UFCS-Zn) has been applied as an acid catalyst for the glucose ethanolysis reaction. Initially, the carbon cryogel was prepared via a mixing process of urea and furfural in an acidic medium followed by freeze-drying and calcination steps. Then, the urea-furfural carbon cryogel (UFC) was sulfonated before modification with zinc via impregnation of zinc (II) nitrate to provide the Bronsted and Lewis acid catalyst which is required for reaction conversion. The effects of reaction parameters on the ethanolysis of glucose have been conducted to determine the selected condition in obtaining high Et levulinate yield. The parameters studied include the glucose feed (0.2 to 0.5 g), catalyst loading (0.15 to 1.2 g), and reaction temperature (140 to 190°C). The catalyst was characterized using TGA-DTG, FTIR, and SEM-EDX techniques to study the surface chem. and thermal stability. The glucose ethanolysis reaction with UFCS-Zn catalyst has provided maximum Et levulinate yield of 27.4 mol% at selected condition of 180°C, 6 h, 0.8 g (1:2) of catalyst and 0.4 g of glucose. Based on characterization of UFCS-Zn, the presence of sulfonate group and Zn element on the catalyst through the sulfonation and impregnation steps have been verified. This result has been confirmed through the detection of SO3H functional group and Zn-O bonding from the FTIR, and elements of S, O, and Zn from the EDX. High thermal stability of the UFCS-Zn (via TGA-DTG curves) allows the catalyst to assist the reaction at setting temperature without degradation in mass during the reaction. The UFCS-Zn catalyst has drafted its potential as catalyst for further conversion of biomass components.

Materials Today: Proceedings published new progress about Biofuels. 539-88-8 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Ethyl 4-oxopentanoate, and the molecular formula is C7H12O3, Recommanded Product: Ethyl 4-oxopentanoate.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Ji, Na published the artcileCatalytic transfer hydrogenation of ethyl levulinate to γ-valerolactone over supported MoS2 catalysts, Name: Ethyl 4-oxopentanoate, the main research area is catalytic transfer hydrogenation ethyl levulinate valerolactone supported MoS2 catalyst.

The hydrogenation of levulinate esters to γ-valerolactone (GVL) is an important step in the transformation of biomass into biofuels. It is attractive to develop new efficient systems for the catalytic transfer hydrogenation (CTH) of levulinate esters to value-added GVL. In this work, a series of MoS2-based supported catalysts were prepared via an impregnation method for the CTH of biomass-derived Et levulinate (EL) to GVL. By comprehensive characterization and catalytic measurements, we found that the CTH activity of EL to GVL is closely related to the MoS2 morphol. and acid distribution on the support. Among the catalysts with different supports, the AC support with abundant Lewis acid sites and large surface area facilitated the high dispersion of low stacked MoS2 slabs, and the MoS2-acid synergistic catalysis contributed to the superior activity and selectivity. The conversion of EL and the selectivity of GVL reached 97.2% and 91.2% under optimized conditions over the MoS2/AC catalyst (230°C, 1 MPa H2, 1.5 h), resp. We also conducted reaction kinetic experiments to reveal the relationship between the active site of the MoS2/AC catalyst and its catalytic performance, and the plausible reaction pathway and mechanism over MoS2/AC was proposed. The catalytic performance gradually declined during recycling tests due to the oxidation of MoS2 and can be easily recovered by resulfuration.

Catalysis Science & Technology published new progress about Biofuels. 539-88-8 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Ethyl 4-oxopentanoate, and the molecular formula is C7H12O3, Name: Ethyl 4-oxopentanoate.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Chen, Zhuo published the artcilePhysical-chemical properties and engine performance of blends of biofuels with gasoline, Category: esters-buliding-blocks, the main research area is biofuel gasoline blend engine performance phys chem property.

Addition of 10 vol% biomass-based Me levulinate (ML), Et levulinate (EL), Bu levulinate (BL), gamma-valerolactone (GVL), di-Me carbonate (DimC), and di-Et carbonate (DieC) in gasoline were selected as blended fuels. Phys.-chem. properties of six different blends of biofuels and gasoline, including miscibility, octane number, distillation, vapor pressure, unwashed gum content, solvent washed gum content, copper corrosiveness, water content, mech. admixtures, and lower heating value was evaluated according to the China National Standards Blended fuels were then evaluated on the performance and emissions of a gasoline test engine without any modification. The results showed that all biomass-based fuels at 10 vol% have good miscibility in gasoline at temperatures of -30 to 30°C. Experiments were performed at 4500 rpm engine speed at different engine loads (from 10% to 100% in 10% intervals). Results showed slightly lower engine power at different loads with the blended fuels than those from gasoline fuelled engine. However, the brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) with the blended fuels was slightly higher than that from gasoline. Emission of carbon monoxide (CO), total unburned hydrocarbon (THC) and oxides of nitrogen (NOx) was reduced significantly from the blended fuels compared to gasoline while carbon dioxide (CO2) emission was slightly higher than that from gasoline. The data suggests that 10 vol% addition of biomass-based levulinates and carbonates fuels to gasoline is suitable for use in gasoline engines.

Journal of Biobased Materials and Bioenergy published new progress about Biofuels. 539-88-8 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Ethyl 4-oxopentanoate, and the molecular formula is C7H12O3, Category: esters-buliding-blocks.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Karnjanakom, Surachai published the artcileRapid Transformation of Furfural to Biofuel Additive Ethyl Levulinate with In Situ Suppression of Humins Promoted by an Acidic-Oxygen Environment, COA of Formula: C7H12O3, the main research area is furfural biofuel additive levulinate humin acidic oxygen environment.

Sustainable production of biofuel additive Et levulinate (EL) from biomass-derived furfural (FF) is an interesting way owing to its application in improving the diesel combustion process without the expense of octane number In this study, a stable mesoporous SO3H@Ni-Al catalyst prepared via facile a hydrothermal-functionalization process was characterized and applied for ultrasound-assisted transformation of FF into EL using ethanol as a hydrogen donor. Interestingly, the formation of humins in the mixture solution and on the catalyst surface was effectively suppressed after introduction of an oxygen environment, resulting from an oxidative degradation reaction. The optimization process was carried out under catalyst acidity, ultrasonic power generation, and statistical design. As desired, a high yield of EL (~97%, Ea = 25.95 kJ/mol) without humins’ formation was well achieved in a shorter reaction time (95 min) and at a low reaction temperature (112°C), compared with a previous conventional reaction. Moreover, the introduction of oxygen strongly promoted the catalyst reusability with a slight reduction in its catalytic behavior, while selectivity/distribution in the liquid product had slight differentiation.

ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering published new progress about Biofuels. 539-88-8 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Ethyl 4-oxopentanoate, and the molecular formula is C7H12O3, COA of Formula: C7H12O3.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Li, Yan published the artcileSustainable and rapid production of biofuel γ-valerolactone from biomass-derived levulinate enabled by a fluoride-ionic liquid, Category: esters-buliding-blocks, the main research area is biofuel valerolactone biomass derived levulinate fluoride ionic liquid.

γ-Valerolactone (GVL) is a versatile biomass-derived mol. for both value-added chems. and biofuels, which is typically prepared from levulinates over metal particles or oxides in the presence of hydrogen, formic acid or alc. Herein, we reported a rapid and mild approach for cascade hydrogenation-cyclization of Et levulinate (EL) to GVL in the presence of readily available ionic liquid tetrabutylammonium fluoride ([TBA]F) and polymethylhydrosiloxane (PMHS) as catalyst and hydrogen source, resp. After reacting at room temperature for 30 min, a high GVL yield of 85% with TOF value of 52 h-1 could be obtained over 3 mol% [TBA]F. In addition to optimizing reaction parameters, the catalytic mechanism was also elucidated for the one-pot sequential transformation of EL to GVL.

Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects published new progress about Biofuels. 539-88-8 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Ethyl 4-oxopentanoate, and the molecular formula is C7H12O3, Category: esters-buliding-blocks.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Chithra, P. A. published the artcileCatalytic conversion of HMF into ethyl levulinate – A biofuel over hierarchical zeolites, Computed Properties of 539-88-8, the main research area is hydroxymethyl furfuraldehyde conversion ethyl levulinate biofuel zeolite catalyst.

Catalytic conversion of 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furfuraldehyde (HMF, a biomass-derived platform chem.) into Et levulinate (EL) is an attractive approach for producing renewable transport fuels for mitigating global warming. The application is reported of hierarchical zeolites (DZSM-5 and MZSM-5 synthesized by desilication and mesoporous templating approaches, resp.) as solid acid catalysts for this transformation. Hierarchical structure of these zeolites was confirmed by X-ray diffraction, nitrogen-physisorption and electron microscopy, and acidity was determined by temperature-programmed desorption of ammonia. The HMF conversion of 94.2% with EL selectivity of 90.8% was achieved over the MZSM-5 catalyst. Acidity, pore size, and surface properties affected the catalytic activity.

Catalysis Communications published new progress about Biofuels. 539-88-8 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Ethyl 4-oxopentanoate, and the molecular formula is C7H12O3, Computed Properties of 539-88-8.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

di Bitonto, Luigi published the artcileDirect Lewis-Bronsted acid ethanolysis of sewage sludge for production of liquid fuels, Safety of Ethyl 4-oxopentanoate, the main research area is liquid fuel sewage sludge ethanolysis catalytic wastewater treatment.

Ethanolysis carried out under Lewis-Bronsted acid catalysis was investigated as a possible process to valorize the organic fraction of urban sewage sludge, with the aim of selectively obtaining liquid biofuels. In a single reactive step, the conversion of lipids into fatty acid Et esters, of carbohydrates into Et levulinate, furanic compounds and Et glycosides and of proteins into Et ester of amino acids was achieved. The optimization of reactive conditions was conducted using pure chems. as model compounds The effect of the co-presence of water was also considered. Then, real samples of sewage sludge (as dried and wet centrifuged samples) were reacted in ethanol in the presence of the appropriate combination of homogeneous Lewis-Bronsted acid catalysts, namely 1%wt aluminum chloride hexahydrate and sulfuric acid respect to ethanol. After 6 h at 453 K, 99% of lipids and almost 60% of initial complex sugars were effectively converted into the abovementioned target products. Conversions and yields were quite similar to those obtained by reacting pure compounds singularly, confirming the robustness of the process and its applicability to differently composed sludge. At the end of the reaction, products were easily recovered and purified from the alc. phase, whereas only a very limited amount of solids remain as inert materials. Final refined biofuels have high calorific values (37 and 40 MJ kg-1) and actually represent the 68.5 and 59.2% of the initial energy content of starting sludge, resp. This strategy combines valorization of the starting organic fraction of sewage sludge and a considerable reduction of final solid waste (in a stabilized form) to be disposed of. Finally, through a preliminary feasibility study, this acid ethanolysis resulted in a competitive alternative to the anaerobic digestion of mixed sewage sludge to obtain biofuels.

Applied Energy published new progress about Biofuels. 539-88-8 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Ethyl 4-oxopentanoate, and the molecular formula is C7H12O3, Safety of Ethyl 4-oxopentanoate.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Heda, Jidnyasa published the artcileEfficient Synergetic Combination of H-USY and SnO2 for Direct Conversion of Glucose into Ethyl Levulinate (Biofuel Additive), SDS of cas: 539-88-8, the main research area is Lewis acidity catalyst glucose conversion Et levulinate preparation.

Et levulinate (EL), a biofuel additive for petroleum and biodiesel can also be used as a 100% fuel to replace petroleum diesel with the existing diesel engine. The major problem to make the EL process economical is the lack of a proper conversion technol. to convert C6 sugars such as glucose with higher yield of EL as well as process which can tolerate higher glucose concentration to increase productivity. The present study highlighted the catalytic synthesis of EL from glucose over synergetic combination of zeolite H-USY and Lewis acidic catalysts such as Sn-beta, TiO2, ZrO2, and SnO2. Because of the strong Lewis acidic nature and the subsequent enhancement in the isomerization rate from glucosides to fructosides, the synergetic combination of H-USY with SnO2 showed higher EL yield than the combination with other Lewis acidic catalysts. So far, the highest EL yield of 81% from glucose (50 g/L) at 180 °C in 3 h was achieved over the optimal combination of 95% H-USY and 5% SnO2 having strong/weak acidity and B/L ratios of 1.30 and 0.75, resp. The study was further extended for establishing the proposed reaction mechanism without the formation of 5-hydroxymethyl furfural, levulinic acid, and formic acid which makes the overall process clean and green.

Energy & Fuels published new progress about Biofuels. 539-88-8 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Ethyl 4-oxopentanoate, and the molecular formula is C7H12O3, SDS of cas: 539-88-8.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics