Tag: M.W=100-150

Pavlovic, J. published the artcileCatalytic activity of SnO2- and SO4/SnO2-containing clinoptilolite in the esterification of levulinic acid, Recommanded Product: Ethyl 4-oxopentanoate, the main research area is catalytic SnO2 SO4 clinoptilolite esterification levulinate Zeolitic tuff.

Catalysts based on natural zeolite – clinoptilolite loaded with either SnO2 (TOHCLI) or sulfated SnO2 (STOHCLI) were prepared and tested in the esterification of levulinic acid (LA) with octanol or ethanol. The Sn content in TOHCLI and STOHCLI varied from 4.5 to 12.3 weight%. The catalysts were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction method, SEM coupled with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, thermal anal., XPS, N2 physisorption at -196 °C, 27Al and 29Si MAS NMR solid state spectroscopy and FTIR spectroscopy for anal. of acidic centers. A high conversion rate of LA into octyl- (OLA) or Et levulinate (ELA) was obtained for both TOHCLI and STOHCLI. TOHCLI showed a high activity in the conversion of LA into OLA (55%) and a moderate activity in the conversion to ELA (22%). STOHCLI led to a total conversion of LA to OLA and ELA due to the presence of a high amount of Bronsted and Lewis acid sites in the catalysts. The catalytic activity decreased to 86% for OLA and to 66% for ELA after next five cycles. Lower catalytic activity in the repeated cycles during ELA formation was explained by pore blockage due to coke formation.

Microporous and Mesoporous Materials published new progress about Acidity. 539-88-8 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Ethyl 4-oxopentanoate, and the molecular formula is C7H12O3, Recommanded Product: Ethyl 4-oxopentanoate.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

D’Agostino, Maria F. published the artcileBlackberries (Rubus ulmifolius Schott) from Calabria (Italy): a comprehensive characterisation, Synthetic Route of 5405-41-4, the main research area is Rubus ulmifolius Schott quality characterization.

The establishment of the corresponding standards of quality to promote the commercialization of Rubus ulmifolius Schott (Rosaceae) blackberries from Calabria (Italy) has been aimed in this study. Data on the volatile composition gathered by Solid-Phase Microextraction (SPME) followed by GC-MS have been complemented with the study for the first time of physicochem. parameters and antioxidant capacity of wild and cultivated blackberries collected in seven different locations of Calabria. Wild fruits showed significantly higher dry matter content (16.34-22.14%) and pH (3.92-5.12) and lower total acidity (0.23-0.74 as % of citric acid) compared to the cultivated sample (dry matter: 15.31%; pH: 3.30 and total acidity: 1% citric acid), whereas color and total soluble solids were similar. Antioxidant capacity (DPPH assay) of wild blackberries, correlated (r = 0.71) with results from ABTS assay, was significantly higher (SE50 = 1.6-3.4 mg DW), in agreement with its higher content of total anthocyanins and total phenolics. Ethanol (11.8-32.4%), trans-2-hexenal (2.7-21.3%), methylbutanal (5.7-17.4%), and Et acetate (4.6-11.9%) were the major compounds in both wild and cultivated blackberries. Although the presence or relative concentration of several volatiles (e.g. p-cymen-8-ol, decanal, 3-hydroxy esters, etc.) seemed to be characteristic of the harvest location/blackberry type, further research on a higher number of samples should be carried out to confirm these results. The comprehensive characterization addressed for the first time in this paper is a valuable preliminary contribution to satisfy the demand by consumers and farmers of objective data to support the premium quality of Calabrian blackberries.

European Food Research and Technology published new progress about Acidity. 5405-41-4 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Ethyl 3-hydroxybutanoate, and the molecular formula is C6H12O3, Synthetic Route of 5405-41-4.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

de Andrade Neves, Nathalia published the artcileChemical composition of jabuticaba (Plinia jaboticaba) liquors produced from cachaca and cereal alcohol, Quality Control of 5405-41-4, the main research area is Plinia jaboticaba liquor cachaca cereal alc volatile composition.

Jabuticaba (Plinia jaboticaba (DC) Berg.) is considered one of the main Brazilian sources of anthocyanins. It is widely recognized and popular, with its consumption occurring in fresh forms and through processed products. Although popular, jabuticaba liquors are handmade, on a small-scale, with little quality control and a lack of standardization. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the ethanol source (cachaca and cereal alc.) on the chem. characteristics of jabuticaba liquors. The beverages were evaluated considering the contents of sugars, ethanol, anthocyanins, ellagic acid, amino acids, biogenic amines, organic acids, and volatile composition The liquors showed similar chem. compositions, which differs from the content of anthocyanins and the volatile composition The liquor made from cachaca showed a greater complexity of aroma, including terpenes and volatile phenolic compounds, and a higher d.p. of anthocyanins. This study is the first published for jabuticaba liquors.

LWT–Food Science and Technology published new progress about Acidity. 5405-41-4 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Ethyl 3-hydroxybutanoate, and the molecular formula is C6H12O3, Quality Control of 5405-41-4.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Lu, Yutong published the artcileEnhancement of Removal of VOCs and Odors from Wood by Microwave-Activated Persulfate, Product Details of C6H12O3, the main research area is VOCs odor wood microwave persulfate.

Since traditional methods for removing volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from wood consume large amounts of energy and generate environmental pollution, it is desired to develop a convenient and green treatment method. Oxidation by microwave-activated persulfate (MW-PS) is a promising alternative method that has been used to eliminate VOCs from wood. The penetration of microwave energy can destroy the wood pit membranes and increase VOC emissions. The VOCs are further degraded by ·OH and SO4•-, which are generated via the activation of microwaves. This phenomenon can be detected by the ESR spectrometry. The 35 types of main VOCs of natural wood were determined, including alkanes/terpenes, alcs./ethers, esters, aldehydes/ketones, and others. In the MW-PS system, 23 compounds were removed with an efficiency of 100%. Specifically, as one of the major compounds, the content of alkanes/terpenes was sharply decreased, and no alcs./ethers and esters were detected. It was found that the optimal conditions of the MW-PS system for the min. release of VOCs from wood were the microwave power of 462 W, irradiation time of 30 min, and PS dosage of 0.5 mmol/L.

ACS Omega published new progress about Fir wood. 5405-41-4 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Ethyl 3-hydroxybutanoate, and the molecular formula is C6H12O3, Product Details of C6H12O3.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Bosilj, Monika published the artcileFunctionalising hydrothermal carbons for catalysis – investigating solid acids in esterification reactions, HPLC of Formula: 539-88-8, the main research area is hydrothermal carbon catalyst solid acid esterification reaction.

A simple and controllable acid functionalized catalyst synthesis is presented based on the hydrothermal carbonisation (HTC) of glucose in the presence of the structure directing agent sodium borate. This synthetic strategy in combination with a post-thermal carbonisation step allows direction of porosity/sp. surface area, and HTC xerogel material functionality. All these parameters influence the introduction of S-containing functional groups (e.g. acidity) to the xerogel. The prepared acid functionalized HTC materials were characterized via N2 sorption, back titration, elemental anal., XPS, ATR FT-IR, and SEM, with their applicability as solid acids assessed through model esterification reactions of different organic acids (e.g. short alkyl chain and aromatic systems). An S-functionalized HTC catalyst described in this study with a high sp. surface area and porosity (502 m2 g-1; 0.42 cm3 g-1), and a loading of 1.1 mmol g-1 SO3H/SO42- acid sites (from a 2.7 mmol g-1 of total acid groups) was found to have comparable catalytic activities as com. Amberlyst-36 catalyst in all the investigated esterification reactions. Catalyst re-usability under the applied batch conditions was improved by heating the catalyst at higher temperatures in order to remove deposited organic acids and their derivatives The concept presented provides a basis for further development and optimization of HTC supported catalysts in acid and other catalysis.

Catalysis Science & Technology published new progress about Acidity. 539-88-8 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Ethyl 4-oxopentanoate, and the molecular formula is C7H12O3, HPLC of Formula: 539-88-8.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Liu, Yuan published the artcilePreparation of carbonyl precursors for long-chain oxygenated fuels from cellulose ethanolysis catalyzed by metal oxides, Recommanded Product: Ethyl 4-oxopentanoate, the main research area is metal oxide carbonyl precursor oxygenated fuel cellulose ethanolysis.

Long-chain oxygenated liquid fuels have similar physicochem. properties with diesel fuel, and its oxygen can promote combustion and reduce PM2.5. An approach for the preparation of the precursor from lignocellulose suitable for C-C coupling is the key problem to be solved in the production of long-chain oxygenated fuels. In this work, cellulose, as a main component in biomass, was directly alcoholyzed to carbonyl compounds with α-H catalyzed by three typical metal oxides (CaO, MgO and ZnO). The results showed that high temperature was favorable for the conversion of cellulose, but a large number of side products, namely levoglucosan and ethyl-α-D-pyran glucoside, have been detected in liquefied products. These byproducts could be transformed into target precursors with α-H over CaO or ZnO with 0.5 mmol at 320°C in ethanol solvent. Addnl., side reactions of ethanol at elevated temperature could be inhibited with ZnO in water-ethanol co-solvent and the byproducts from ethanol dehydration, including 1,1-diethoxyethane, 2-ethoxyethanol, dropped significantly with an increase in carbonyl compounds Noticeably, compared with pure ethanol, the yield of carbonyl compounds in liquid products increased obviously to 47.4% when the volume ratio of water to ethanol was 3: 10.

Fuel Processing Technology published new progress about Biofuels. 539-88-8 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Ethyl 4-oxopentanoate, and the molecular formula is C7H12O3, Recommanded Product: Ethyl 4-oxopentanoate.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Fulignati, Sara published the artcileIntegrated Cascade Process for the Catalytic Conversion of 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural to Furanic and TetrahydrofuranicDiethers as Potential Biofuels, Computed Properties of 539-88-8, the main research area is hydroxymethylfurfural catalytic conversion furanic tetrahydrofuranicdiether biofuel; 5-hydroxymethylfurfural; furan ether; heterogeneous catalysis; hydrogenation; tetrahydrofuran ether.

The depletion of fossil resources is driving the research towards alternative renewable ones. Under this perspective, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) represents a key mol. deriving from biomass characterized by remarkable potential as platform chem. In this work, for the first time, the hydrogenation of HMF in ethanol was selectively addressed towards 2,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)furan (BHMF) or 2,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran (BHMTHF) by properly tuning the reaction conditions in the presence of the same com. catalyst (Ru/C), reaching the highest yields of 80 and 93 mol%, resp. These diols represent not only interesting monomers but strategic precursors for two scarcely investigated ethoxylated biofuels, 2,5-bis(ethoxymethyl)furan (BEMF) and 2,5-bis(ethoxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran (BEMTHF). Therefore, the etherification with ethanol of pure BHMF and BHMTHF and of crude BHMF, as obtained from hydrogenation step, substrates scarcely investigated in the literature, was performed with several com. heterogeneous acid catalysts. Among them, the zeolite HZSM-5 (Si/Al=25) was the most promising system, achieving the highest BEMF yield of 74 mol%. In particular, for the first time, the synthesis of the fully hydrogenated diether BEMTHF was thoroughly studied, and a novel cascade process for the tailored conversion of HMF to the di-Et ethers BEMF and BEMTHF was proposed.

ChemSusChem published new progress about Biofuels. 539-88-8 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Ethyl 4-oxopentanoate, and the molecular formula is C7H12O3, Computed Properties of 539-88-8.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Zainol, Muzakkir Mohammad published the artcileEsterification of Levulinic Acid to Ethyl Levulinate Using Liquefied Oil Palm Frond-Based Carbon Cryogel Catalyst, Application In Synthesis of 539-88-8, the main research area is levulinic acid esterification ethyl levulinate oil palm cryogel catalyst.

Oil palm biomass, which is abundantly available in Malaysia, has many types of applications in various industries. In this study, oil palm frond (OPF) was liquefied with 1-butyl-3-methylimidazole hydrogen sulfate ([BMIM][HSO4]) ionic liquid (IL) at optimum conditions. The liquefied OPF-ionic liquid (LOPF-IL) was mixed with furfural at a ratio of 0.8 (weight/weight), water-to-feedstock ratio of 0.125 (weight/weight), and sulfuric acid loading of 0.5 mL at 100°C for 1 h to form a gel. Carbon cryogel liquefied oil palm frond (CCOPF) was prepared using a freeze-dryer followed by calcination. CCOPF was further characterized using N2 sorption, NH3-TPD, TGA, XRD, FTIR, and FESEM to determine its phys. and chem. properties. The thermally stable CCOPF exhibited a large total surface area (578 m2/g) and high total acidity (17.6 mmol/g). Next, CCOPF was tested for levulinic acid catalytic esterification by varying the parameters including ethanol-to-levulinic acid molar ratio, catalyst loading, and reaction time at 78°C. At the optimum conditions, the conversion of levulinic acid and Et levulinate yield was 70.9 and 71.7 mol%, resp. CCOPF was reusable up to five runs with no significant conversion drop. Accordingly, CCOPF is conferred as a potential biomass-derived acid catalyst for Et levulinate production

BioEnergy Research published new progress about Cryogels. 539-88-8 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Ethyl 4-oxopentanoate, and the molecular formula is C7H12O3, Application In Synthesis of 539-88-8.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Shao, Yuewen published the artcileSulfated Zirconia with Different Crystal Phases for the Production of Ethyl Levulinate and 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural, Safety of Ethyl 4-oxopentanoate, the main research area is ethyl levulinate sulfated zirconia crystal phase.

Distinct crystal phases of an oxide affect the configuration of surface atoms, which might further affect coordination with sulfate during sulfonation for the preparation of SO42-/MxOy type of acid catalyst. Herein, such an effect is investigated with zirconia of the tetragonal or monoclinic phase as the model catalysts. The results show that sulfonation inhibits the transformation of zirconia from the tetragonal phase to the monoclinic phase, whereas the varied phase of zirconia also affects the bonding patterns of sulfate species with zirconia in sulfonation. The sulfated zirconia of monoclinic phase contains more abundant acidic sites and more Bronsted acid sites than that of sulfated zirconia of tetragonal phase. Consequently, the sulfated zirconia of monoclinic phase is more active than the sulfated zirconia of tetragonal phase for the conversion of furfuryl alc. in ethanol and conversion of fructose in DMSO, achieving the yield of Et levulinate of 96.4% and a high yield of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural. The sulfated zirconia is not stable in protic solvent due to the leaching of sulfur species and the change in configurations of the sulfate species and the zirconium species, but in the aprotic solvent, they show good stability and recyclability.

Energy Technology (Weinheim, Germany) published new progress about Crystals. 539-88-8 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Ethyl 4-oxopentanoate, and the molecular formula is C7H12O3, Safety of Ethyl 4-oxopentanoate.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Li, Zheng published the artcileChemical Upcycling of Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) into Bicyclic Ether-Ester Monomers toward Value-Added, Degradable, and Recyclable Poly(ether ester), Name: Ethyl 3-hydroxybutanoate, the main research area is chem upcycling polyhydroxybutyrate bicyclic monomers degradable polyether polyester; recyclable plastic waste.

The chem. recycling of plastic wastes into value-added products is an attractive strategy to reduce the consumption of fossil fuels and reduce the plastic pollution. We report here the facile upcycling of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (P3HB) into value-added polymerizable monomers and subsequent polymerization toward degradable and recyclable polymers. The bicyclic monomer 4-methyloctahydro-2H-benzo[b][1,4]dioxepin-2-one (4-MOHB) was first synthesized from P3HB through efficient steps. The obtained monomers underwent bulk ring-opening polymerization (ROP) catalyzed by stannous octoate (Sn(Oct)2) to give the amorphous materials. With benzyl alc. (BnOH) as an initiator, Sn(Oct)2 can effectively catalyze the ROP of bicyclic ether-ester monomers in a controllable fashion. Moreover, poly(4-methyloctahydro-2H-benzo[b][1,4]dioxepin-2-one) (P(4-MOHB)) showed a closed-loop recovery property due to the fused bicyclic monomer structure. The selective depolymerization of the P(4-MOHB) homopolymer back to 4-MOHB monomer can be easily realized using p-toluenesulfonic acid (TsOH) or Sn(Oct)2 as a catalyst in solution or in bulk. This strategy to recycle bioplastics into value-added materials has a promising application prospect and is beneficial to extend the life cycle of environment-friendly materials.

ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering published new progress about Enthalpy. 5405-41-4 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Ethyl 3-hydroxybutanoate, and the molecular formula is C6H12O3, Name: Ethyl 3-hydroxybutanoate.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics