Tag: M.W=100-150

Zainol, Muzakkir Mohammad published the artcileBio-fuel additive synthesized from levulinic acid using ionic liquid-furfural based carbon catalyst: Kinetic, thermodynamic and mechanism studies, Formula: C7H12O3, the main research area is biofuel levulinic acid ionic liquid carbon catalyst thermodn kinetics.

The Et levulinate is one of promising platform chem. from biomass and commonly involved the esterification reaction of levulinic acid. The reactions are extensively focussed on the catalytic performance by various catalysts and presented limited work on the kinetic, thermodn. and mechanism study for heterogeneous catalyst reaction. To fill this gap, the reaction anal. over a new ionic liquid-furfural carbon catalyst has been investigated in this work. The math. equations were derived to determine the kinetic-thermodn. parameters, and proposed suitable mechanism for the reaction. Pseudo-first order model presents high correlation coefficient and accuracy with the reaction rate constant of 0.0037-0.0127 min-1 and Ea = 17.3 kJ/mol. The reaction is endothermic and non-spontaneous with ordered system at transition state. The proposed combined nucleophilic substitution and Eley-Rideal mechanism is comprised of SN2 steps and heterogeneous catalytic reaction. The results provide insights on the reaction for future designing and scaling-up the esterification process.

Chemical Engineering Science published new progress about Adsorption. 539-88-8 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Ethyl 4-oxopentanoate, and the molecular formula is C7H12O3, Formula: C7H12O3.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Colmenar, Inmaculada published the artcileTropospheric reactivity of 2-ethoxyethanol with OH and NO3 radicals and Cl atoms. Kinetic and mechanistic study, SDS of cas: 623-50-7, the main research area is ethoxyethanol hydroxyl radical chlorine tropospheric reactivity.

Recent studies reveal that 2-ethoxyethanol (2EE) (CH3CH2OCH2CH2OH) is emitted from diesel/biodiesel blends used in vehicles. This compound has also been investigated in blends with diesel fuel for the reduction of CO emissions, hydrocarbons and particulate matter. In the work described here, rate coefficients for the reactions of OH and NO3 radicals and Cl atoms with 2EE have been determined at (298 ± 2) K and a total pressure of ∼700 torr using a relative rate method with SPME/GC-MSTOF (Solid Phase Microextraction/Gas Chromatog.-Mass Spectrometry Time of Flight Detection) and FTIR (Fourier Transform IR Spectroscopy) as detection techniques. The following rate coefficients (in cm3 mol.-1 s-1) have been obtained: (2.02 ± 0.19)× 10-10, (2.17 ± 0.11) ×10-11 and (4.80 ± 0.48) × 10-15 for Cl, ·OH and ·NO3 reactions, resp. The product formation has also been investigated. Ethylene glycol monoacetate, ethylene glycol monoformate, formaldehyde, Et glycolate and Et formate have been identified as major products for ·OH and Cl reactions. The formation of nitrated compounds has also been observed for the reactions with ·NO3 and with Cl in the presence of NO. The products are explained by a mechanism involving initial attack of the oxidant at the methylene groups followed by subsequent reactions of the resulting alkyl and alkoxy radicals. The atm. lifetimes calculated for 2EE reveal that the dominant loss process for this compound is clearly the daytime reaction with the OH radical.

Atmospheric Environment published new progress about Absorption. 623-50-7 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Ethyl 2-hydroxyacetate, and the molecular formula is C4H8O3, SDS of cas: 623-50-7.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Munoz-Olasagasti, M. published the artcileThe relevance of Lewis acid sites on the gas phase reaction of levulinic acid into ethyl valerate using CoSBA-xAl bifunctional catalysts, SDS of cas: 539-88-8, the main research area is levulinic acid ethyl valerate bifunctional catalyst gas phase reaction.

A series of Co supported on Al-modified SBA-15 catalysts has been studied in the gas phase direct transformation of levulinic acid (LA) into Et valerate (EV) using a continuous fixed-bed reactor and ethanol as solvent. It was observed that once the intermediate product gamma-valerolactone (GVL) has been formed, the presence of aluminum is required for the selective transformation to EV. Three Lewis acid sites (LAS) are identified (from highest to lowest acid strength): aluminum ions in tetrahedral and octahedral coordination and Co+ sites. The intrinsic activity of these LAS for the key reaction, the GVL ring opening, decreases with the strength of these acid sites, but so does the undesirable formation of coke, also catalyzed by these centers. The best catalyst was that with the highest Al content, CoSBA-2.5Al, that reached an EV yield of up to 70%. This result is associated with the presence of LAS attributed to the presence of Co+ surface species that, although having low intrinsic activity in the selective GVL ring-opening reaction, are highly concentrated in this sample and also possess less activity in the undesirable and deactivating formation of coke. These Co2+ LAS have been stabilized by incorporation of aluminum into the support, modifying the reducibility and dispersion of cobalt species. Addnl., the lower proportion of metallic Co species decreases the hydrogenating capacity of this catalyst. This decrease is a pos. result because it prevents GVL hydrogenation to undesired products. This catalyst also showed promising stability in a 140 h onstream run.

Catalysis Science & Technology published new progress about Absorption. 539-88-8 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Ethyl 4-oxopentanoate, and the molecular formula is C7H12O3, SDS of cas: 539-88-8.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Wu, Shiliang published the artcileThe regulated emissions and PAH emissions of bio-based long-chain ethers in a diesel engine, Application In Synthesis of 539-88-8, the main research area is polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon emission ether diesel engine.

Catalytic etherification is a new and developing method for the upgradation of pyrolysis bio-oil into high performance bio-based long-chain ethers. In this work, the application of bio-based long-chain ether oxygenated additives in diesel engines have been checked by focusing on their regulated emissions and PAH emissions. Four bio-based long-chain ethers with similar structures, including: Polyoxymethylene di-Me ether, diglyme, dipropylene glycol di-Me ether and tripropylene glycol Me ether have been blended with diesel fuel and tested in a small-duty diesel engine. The results showed that long-chain ethers were beneficial to the reduction of regulated emissions by comparing to pure diesel. Polyoxymethylene di-Me ether and tripropylene glycol Me ether showed best performance among the four tested ethers. Polyoxymethylene di-Me ether could reduce 56% CO, 23% NO and 93% soot emissions, while Tripropylene glycol Me ether could reduce 52% CO, 28% NO and 88% soot emissions. Besides, the particle sizes of soot particles from the blended fuels were also reduced. What’s more, the addition of bio-based long-chain ethers could reduce particulate PAHs emissions by 39% ∼ 67% and reduce gaseous PAHs emissions by 25% ∼ 44%, and the PAHs toxicity was also reduced by 32% ∼ 55%. This work proved that the structure of oxygen atoms evenly distributed in the chain could efficiently suppress the production of soot precursors and eventually reduce the soot emission.

Fuel Processing Technology published new progress about Absorption. 539-88-8 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Ethyl 4-oxopentanoate, and the molecular formula is C7H12O3, Application In Synthesis of 539-88-8.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

von Keutz, Timo published the artcileContinuous Flow Synthesis of Terminal Epoxides from Ketones Using in Situ Generated Bromomethyl Lithium, Computed Properties of 539-88-8, the main research area is epoxide preparation continuous flow; ketone epoxidation bromomethyl lithium.

A scalable procedure for the direct preparation of epoxides from ketones has been developed. The method is based on the carefully controlled generation of (bromomethyl)lithium (LiCH2Br) from inexpensive CH2Br2 and MeLi in a continuous flow reactor. The reaction has shown excellent selectivity for a variety of substrates, including α-chloroketones, which typically fail under classic Corey-Chaykovsky conditions. This advantage has been used to develop a novel route toward the drug fluconazole.

Organic Letters published new progress about Epoxidation. 539-88-8 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Ethyl 4-oxopentanoate, and the molecular formula is C7H12O3, Computed Properties of 539-88-8.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Wen, Zhe published the artcileCatalytic ethanolysis of microcrystalline cellulose over a sulfonated hydrothermal carbon catalyst, Category: esters-buliding-blocks, the main research area is catalytic ethanolysis microcrystalline cellulose sulfonated hydrothermal carbon catalyst.

The catalytic ethanolysis of microcrystalline cellulose in supercritical ethanol is examined over a sulfonated hydrothermal carbon catalyst (SHTC). SHTC is amorphous carbon containing -OH, -COOH and -SO3H groups with total acidity of 7.15 mmol/g and -SO3H acidity of 1.72 mmol/g. SHTC shows high catalytic activity towards the ethanolysis of cellulose in supercritical ethanol. Complete conversion of microcrystalline cellulose with high yields of Et levulinate and Et glucoside is obtained. The reaction temperature, time and catalyst amount have significant effects on the catalytic performances of SHTC. Appropriate reaction time and less catalyst amount are favorable for the production of Et glucoside, while prolonged reaction time and appropriate catalyst amount favor the production of Et levulinate. The highest yield of Et glucoside as 420.9 mg/g cellulose is obtained over 0.1 g SHTC at 245°C for 1 h. The highest yield of Et levulinate as 817.6 mg/g cellulose is achieved over 0.3 g SHTC at 245°C for 1 h. SHTC shows good stability in the recycle experiments with slight loss of catalytic activity.

Catalysis Today published new progress about Ethanolysis. 539-88-8 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Ethyl 4-oxopentanoate, and the molecular formula is C7H12O3, Category: esters-buliding-blocks.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Zhang, Zhi published the artcilePreparation and characterisation of ordered mesoporous SO2-4/Al2O3 and its catalytic activity in the conversion of furfuryl alcohol to ethyl levulinate, Application In Synthesis of 539-88-8, the main research area is mesoporous SO24 Al2O3 catalytic furfuryl alc ethyl levulinate.

A series of ordered mesoporous SO42-/Al2O3 (OMSA) solid super acid catalysts were prepared by evaporation-induced self-assembly (EISA) method, followed by sulfonation at different calcination temperatures (400°C-900 °C). The results of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and small-angle X-ray diffraction (XRD) indicated that all of the OMSAs possessed ordered mesoporous structures. The N2-Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (N2-BET) results showed that the sp. surface area of OMSAs could reach up to 160-380 m2/g, and the average pore diameters fall into the range between 8.6 and 9.8 nm. The temperature-programmed desorption of ammonia (NH3-TPD) characterization proofed that the OMSAs contained super acid, and ammonia desorption by the super acid in the OMSA calcined at 600 °C reached 25.9 cm3/g STP. The pyridine adsorption IR (Py-IR) indicated that all of the OMSAs consisted mainly of Lewis acids. The OMSA was used to catalyze furfuryl alc. in the synthesis of Et levulinate (EL). The maximum yield (80.6%) was obtained in the reaction conducted at 200 °C for 3 h. The reusability of the catalyst was proofed after four times of reuse as its activity was maintained with a yield of 71.2%.

Journal of Solid State Chemistry published new progress about Ethanolysis. 539-88-8 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Ethyl 4-oxopentanoate, and the molecular formula is C7H12O3, Application In Synthesis of 539-88-8.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Shatsauskas, Anton L. published the artcileSynthesis and photophysical properties of the products of the reaction of 5-methyl-7-phenyl[1,3]oxazolo[5,4-b]pyridin-2(1H)-one with amino acids, Application In Synthesis of 623-50-7, the main research area is oxo phenyl dihydropyridinyl imidazolidinedione preparation photoluminescence; ethyl oxo phenyl dihydropyridinyl ureidoacetate preparation photoluminescence.

The reaction of amino acid esters RCH(NH2)C(O)OEt·HCl (R = H, Me, 3-ethoxy-3-oxopropyl, Bn, etc.) with compound I led to the derivatives of 3-(2-oxo-4-phenyl-1,2-dihydropyridin-3-yl)imidazolidine-2,4-diones II and Et 2-[3-(2-oxo-4-phenyl-1,2-dihydropyridin-3-yl)ureido]acetates III, as well as several of their structural analogs. The photophys. properties of the synthesized compounds II and III were investigated.

Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds (New York, NY, United States) published new progress about Absorption. 623-50-7 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Ethyl 2-hydroxyacetate, and the molecular formula is C4H8O3, Application In Synthesis of 623-50-7.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Gu, Jing published the artcileEfficient transfer hydrogenation of biomass derived furfural and levulinic acid via magnetic zirconium nanoparticles: Experimental and kinetic study, Formula: C7H12O3, the main research area is furfural levulinic acid hydrogenation magnetic zirconium nanoparticle catalyst preparation.

A series of magnetic zirconium nanoparticles with varied Zr/Fe molar ratios were synthesized and developed as acid-base bifunctional catalysts in the catalytic transfer hydrogenation (CTH) of biomass-derived furfural (FFR) and levulinic acid (LA) using 2-propanol as both hydrogen donor and solvent. Zirconium constituents coated on nano-sized Fe3O4 endowed the catalysts with abundant acid-base sites, moderate surface areas (94.0-187.6 m2/g) and pore sizes (3.42-9.51 nm), thus giving nearly 100% yields of furfuryl alc. (FA) and γ-valerolactone (GVL) after 2 h of reaction. Particularly, competitive activation energy (Ea) for the CTH of FFR into FA over Zr1Fe1-300 was as low as 50.9 kJ/mol. Moreover, the easily separable nanocatalyst Zr1Fe1-150 was also applicable to CTH of various alkyl levulinates into GVL in high efficiency and could be reused for multiple cycles without obvious loss of its catalytic performance in the transfer hydrogenation of LA.

Industrial Crops and Products published new progress about Absorption. 539-88-8 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Ethyl 4-oxopentanoate, and the molecular formula is C7H12O3, Formula: C7H12O3.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Manjunathan, Pandian published the artcileOne-pot fructose conversion into 5-ethoxymethylfurfural using a sulfonated hydrophobic mesoporous organic polymer as a highly active and stable heterogeneous catalyst, Computed Properties of 539-88-8, the main research area is fructose ethoxymethylfurfural organic polymer heterogeneous catalyst.

We report a sulfonated hydrophobic mesoporous organic polymer (MOP-SO3H) as a highly efficient heterogeneous catalyst for one-pot 5-ethoxymethylfurfural (EMF) production from fructose in ethanol solvent. MOP-SO3H was fabricated by co-polymerization of divinylbenzene (DVB) and sodium p-styrene sulfonate (SPSS) followed by ion exchange with dilute H2SO4, and its pore structure and acid d. could be tuned easily by varying the mole ratio of SPSS to DVB. 31P MAS NMR anal. using trimethylphosphine oxide as a base probe mol. indicated that MOP-SO3H possessed a weaker Bronsted acid site than conventional cation-exchange resins. The superhydrophobic properties of MOP-SO3H were retained even after incorporating a greater number of sulfonic acid groups into the polymer framework, while conventional solid acid resins exhibited hydrophilic properties. MOP-SO3H exhibited a superior catalytic performance in comparison with conventional acid resins, a mesoporous acid catalyst, and homogeneous acid catalysts in EMF production from fructose. After optimization of various reaction conditions using MOP-SO3H, a high EMF yield of 72.2% at 99.3% fructose conversion was achieved at 100°C in a very short reaction time of 5 h. Notably, MOP-SO3H showed a much higher EMF formation rate than the Amberlyst-15 catalyst (53.5 vs. 6.1μmol g-1 min-1). This superior performance of the MOP-SO3H catalyst was attributed to its unique feature of large surface area containing a large quantity of readily accessible acid sites distributed throughout the hydrophobic polymer framework. In addition to its high catalytic activity, the notable stability of the MOP-SO3H catalyst was also confirmed by leaching and recyclability tests. Thus, owing to its excellent catalytic performance and easy scalability, MOP-SO3H can potentially be used as an industrial heterogeneous catalyst to produce EMF from various fructose-containing biomass.

Catalysis Science & Technology published new progress about Absorption. 539-88-8 belongs to class esters-buliding-blocks, name is Ethyl 4-oxopentanoate, and the molecular formula is C7H12O3, Computed Properties of 539-88-8.

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics