Tag: M.W=100-150

Jin, Jian published the artcileAlcohols as alkylating agents in heteroarene C-H functionalization, COA of Formula: C5H10O2S, the publication is Nature (London, United Kingdom) (2015), 525(7567), 87-90, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

Primary alcs., diols containing at least one primary alc. moiety, and tetrahydrofurans acted as alkylating agents for six-membered nitrogen heterocycles such as isoquinolines, quinolines, and pyridines in the presence of an iridium photocatalyst Ir(ppy)₂(dtbbp)PF₆ (ppy = 1,2′-phenylpyridinediyl; dtbpy = 4,4′-di-tert-butyl-2,2-bipyridine), a thiol such as α-mercaptopropanoic acid, and p-toluenesulfonic acid in DMSO under blue LED light to yield alkylated heterocycles such as 1-methylisoquinoline in 43-98% yields. The medicinal agents fasudil dihydrochloride and milrinone were methylated and 3-phenylpropylated, resp., using this method in 82% and 43% yields. The method avoids the use of thermal conditions or stoichiometric oxidants. The mechanism was studied using fluorescence quenching experiments; the key step in the process is proposed to be the spin-center shift of a hydroxyalkylheteroaryl radical to yield an alkylheteroaryl radical with loss of water, precedented in biol. and synthetic settings. In the absence of a thiol, the radical generated from 1-isoquinolinemethanol coupled with two alkenes and two 1-pyrrolecarboxylates to yield dihydrobenzoisoquinolines and pyrrolylmethylisoquinolines, resp., in 25-65% yields.

Nature (London, United Kingdom) published new progress about 19788-49-9. 19788-49-9 belongs to esters-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Thiol,Aliphatic hydrocarbon chain,Ester, name is Ethyl 2-mercaptopropanoate, and the molecular formula is C5H10O2S, COA of Formula: C5H10O2S.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ester,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Smith, Tyler E. published the artcileRisk of COVID-19 infection and severe disease in MS patients on different disease-modifying therapies, Formula: C6H8O4, the publication is Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders (2022), 103735, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

The risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection and severity with disease modifying therapies (DMTs) in multiple sclerosis (MS) remains unclear, with some studies demonstrating increased risks of infection with B-cell-depleting (anti-CD20) therapies and severity, while others fail to observe an association Most existing studies are limited by a reliance on ′numerator′ data (i.e., COVID-19 cases) only. To assess the risks of COVID-19 by DMT, this study aimed to assess both ′numerator′ (patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection) and ′denominator′ data (all patients treated with DMTs of interest) to determine if any DMTs impart an increased risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection or disease severity. We systematically reviewed charts and queried patients during clinic encounters in the NYU MS Comprehensive Care Center (MSCCC) for evidence of COVID-19 in all patients who were on the most commonly used DMTs in our clinic (sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor (S1P) modulators (fingolimod/siponimod), rituximab, ocrelizumab, fumarates (di-Me fumarate/diroximel fumarate), and natalizumab). COVID-19 status was determined by clin. symptoms (CDC case definition) and laboratory testing where available (SARS-CoV-2 PCR, SARS-CoV-2 IgG). Multivariable analyses were conducted to determine predictors of infection and severe disease (hospitalization or death) using SARS-CoV-2 infected individuals per DMT group and all individuals on a given DMT as denominator. We identified 1,439 MS patients on DMTs of interest, of which 230 had lab-confirmed (n = 173; 75.2%) or suspected (n = 57; 24.8%) COVID-19. Infection was most frequent in those on rituximab (35/138; 25.4%), followed by fumarates (39/217; 18.0%), S1P modulators (43/250; 17.2%), natalizumab (36/245; 14.7%), and ocrelizumab (77/589; 13.1%). There were 14 hospitalizations and 2 deaths. No DMT was found to be significantly associated with increased risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Rituximab was a predictor of severe SARS-CoV-2 infection among patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection (OR 6.7; 95% CI 1.1-41.7) but did not reach statistical significance when the entire patient population on DMT was used (OR 2.8; 95% CI 0.6-12.2). No other DMT was associated with an increased risk of severe COVID-19. Anal. of COVID-19 risk among all patients on the commonly used DMTs did not demonstrate increased risk of infection with any DMT. Rituximab was associated with increased risk for severe disease.

Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders published new progress about 624-49-7. 624-49-7 belongs to esters-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Inhibitor,Natural product, name is Dimethyl fumarate, and the molecular formula is C11H22N2O4, Formula: C6H8O4.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ester,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Wang, Yongtao published the artcile1,5,7-Triazabicyclo[4.4.0]dec-5-ene Enhances Activity of Peroxide Intermediates in Phosphine-Free α-Hydroxylation of Ketones, SDS of cas: 517-23-7, the publication is Angewandte Chemie, International Edition (2021), 60(12), 6631-6638, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

The critical role of double hydrogen bonds was addressed for the aerobic α-hydroxylation of ketones catalyzed by 1,5,7-triazabicyclo[4.4.0]dec-5-ene (TBD), in the absence of either a metal catalyst or phosphine reductant. Exptl. and theor. investigations were performed to study the mechanism. In addition to initiating the reaction by proton abstraction, a more important role of TBD was revealed, i.e., to enhance the oxidizing ability of peroxide intermediates, allowing DMSO to be used rather than commonly used phosphine reductants. Further characterizations with nuclear Overhauser effect spectroscopy (NOESY) confirmed the presence of double hydrogen bonds between TBD and the ketone, and kinetic studies suggested the attack of dioxygen on the TBD-enol adduct to be the rate-determining step. This work should encourage the application of TBD as a catalyst for oxidations

Angewandte Chemie, International Edition published new progress about 517-23-7. 517-23-7 belongs to esters-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Tetrahydrofuran,Ketone,Ester, name is 3-Acetyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one, and the molecular formula is C9H4F6O, SDS of cas: 517-23-7.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ester,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Ayala, Leticia published the artcileStereochemistry of Nucleophilic Substitution Reactions Depending upon Substituent: Evidence for Electrostatic Stabilization of Pseudoaxial Conformers of Oxocarbenium Ions by Heteroatom Substituents, Application In Synthesis of 5340-78-3, the publication is Journal of the American Chemical Society (2003), 125(50), 15521-15528, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

Lewis acid-mediated nucleophilic substitution reactions of substituted tetrahydropyran acetates reveal that the conformational preferences of six-membered-ring cations depend significantly upon the electronic nature of the substituent. Nucleophilic substitutions of C-3 and C-4 alkyl-substituted tetrahydropyran acetates proceeded via pseudoequatorially substituted oxocarbenium ions, as would be expected by consideration of steric effects. Substitutions of C-3 and C-4 alkoxy-substituted tetrahydropyran acetates, however, proceeded via pseudoaxially oriented oxocarbenium ions. The unusual selectivities controlled by the alkoxy groups were demonstrated for a range of other heteroatom substituents, including nitrogen, fluorine, chlorine, and bromine. It is believed that the pseudoaxial conformation is preferred in the ground state of the cation because of an electrostatic attraction between the cationic carbon center of the oxocarbenium ion and the heteroatom substituent. This anal. is supported by the observation that selectivity diminishes down the halogen series, which is inconsistent with electron donation as might be expected during anchimeric assistance. The C-2 heteroatom-substituted systems gave moderately high 1,2-cis selectivity, while small alkyl substituents showed no selectivity. Only in the case of the tert-Bu group at C-2 was high 1,2-trans selectivity observed These studies reinforce the idea that ground-state conformational effects need to be considered along with steric approach considerations.

Journal of the American Chemical Society published new progress about 5340-78-3. 5340-78-3 belongs to esters-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Aliphatic Chain, name is Ethyltert-butylacetate, and the molecular formula is C8H16O2, Application In Synthesis of 5340-78-3.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ester,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Iaffaldano, Pietro published the artcileRisk of Getting COVID-19 in People With Multiple Sclerosis: A Case-Control Study., Category: esters-buliding-blocks, the publication is Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation (2022), 9(2), database is MEDLINE.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Several studies have assessed risk factors associated with the severity of COVID-19 outcomes in people with multiple sclerosis (PwMS). The potential role of disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) and demographic and clinical factors on the risk of acquiring SARS-CoV-2 infection has not been evaluated so far. The objective of this study was to assess risk factors of contracting SARS-CoV-2 infection in PwMS by using data collected in the Italian MS Register (IMSR). METHODS: A case-control (1:2) study was set up. Cases included PwMS with a confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19, and controls included PwMS without a confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19. Both groups were propensity score-matched by the date of COVID-19 diagnosis, the date of last visit, and the region of residence. No healthy controls were included in this study. COVID-19 risk was estimated by multivariable logistic regression models including demographic and clinical covariates. The impact of DMTs was assessed in 3 independent logistic regression models including one of the following covariates: last administered DMT, previous DMT sequences, or the place where the last treatment was administered. RESULTS: A total of 779 PwMS with confirmed COVID-19 (cases) were matched to 1,558 PwMS without COVID-19 (controls). In all 3 models, comorbidities, female sex, and a younger age were significantly associated (p < 0.02) with a higher risk of contracting COVID-19. Patients receiving natalizumab as last DMT (OR [95% CI]: 2.38 [1.66-3.42], p < 0.0001) and those who underwent an escalation treatment strategy (1.57 [1.16-2.13], p = 0.003) were at significantly higher COVID-19 risk. Moreover, PwMS receiving their last DMT requiring hospital access (1.65 [1.34-2.04], p < 0.0001) showed a significant higher risk than those taking self-administered DMTs at home. DISCUSSION: This case-control study embedded in the IMSR showed that PwMS at higher COVID-19 risk are younger, more frequently female individuals, and with comorbidities. Long-lasting escalation approach and last therapies that expose patients to the hospital environment seem to significantly increase the risk of SARS-CoV2 infection in PwMS. CLASSIFICATION OF EVIDENCE: This study provides Class III evidence that among patients with MS, younger age, being female individuals, having more comorbidities, receiving natalizumab, undergoing an escalating treatment strategy, or receiving treatment at a hospital were associated with being infected with COVID-19. Among patients with MS who were infected with COVID-19, a severe course was associated with increasing age and having a progressive form of MS, whereas not being on treatment or receiving an interferon beta agent was protective.

Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation published new progress about 624-49-7. 624-49-7 belongs to esters-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Inhibitor,Natural product, name is Dimethyl fumarate, and the molecular formula is C6H8O4, Category: esters-buliding-blocks.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ester,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Hu, Tianjiao published the artcileRu-NHC-Catalyzed Asymmetric Hydrogenation of 2-Quinolones to Chiral 3,4-Dihydro-2-Quinolones, Application In Synthesis of 30414-53-0, the publication is Angewandte Chemie, International Edition (2021), 60(43), 23193-23196, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

The Ru(II)-NHC-catalyzed asym. hydrogenation of 2-quinolones under mild reaction conditions was developed. Alkyl-, aryl- and halogen-substituted optically active dihydro-2-quinolones I [R = H, Me; R¹ = Me, Bn; R² = H, Me, Et, i-Pr, Ph; R³ = H; R⁴ = H, Me, Ph, etc.; R⁵ = H, OMe, F, etc.; R⁶ = H, Me; R¹R³ = (CH₂)₃] were obtained in high yields with moderate to excellent enantioselectivities. The reaction provided an efficient and atom-economic pathway to construct simple chiral 3,4-dihydro-2-quinolones. The desired products could be further reduced to tetrahydroquinolines and octahydroquinolones.

Angewandte Chemie, International Edition published new progress about 30414-53-0. 30414-53-0 belongs to esters-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Aliphatic hydrocarbon chain,Ketone,Ester, name is Methyl 3-oxovalerate, and the molecular formula is C6H10O3, Application In Synthesis of 30414-53-0.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ester,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Xie, Haopu published the artcileNovel titin-inspired high-performance polyurethanes with self-healing and recyclable capacities based on dual dynamic network, Category: esters-buliding-blocks, the publication is Polymer (2021), 124096, database is CAplus.

It is still a huge challenge that integrating excellent mech. performance and high healing efficiency into self-healing materials at the same time, even if numerous dynamic bonds have been explored in preparing of self-healing materials in the last 20 years. Herein, we reported a novel titin-inspired strategy to prepare the polyurethanes via introducing dual dynamic network which contained the phys. crosslinking of quadruple hydrogen bonds formed by 5-(2-hydroxyethyl)-6-methyl-2-aminouracil (UPy) dimers and the covalent crosslinking of Diels-Alder (D-A) bonds. Specially, relying on the synergistic effect of the dual dynamic network, the resulting polyurethane F50U50-PU exhibited admirable mech. performance, such as a super-high strength of 51.9 MPa, a superb toughness of 166.7 MJ/m3 and a large elongation at break of 930%. Meanwhile, on account of the dynamic feature of quadruple hydrogen bonds and D-A bonds, the resulting polyurethane showed a high heat-induced healing efficiency of 91.2%. More importantly, the polyurethanes could be recycled by hot-pressing process to regain their initial mech. properties and integrity. And it was also used as substrate to construct self-healing conductive device, which displayed splendid self-healing of elec. conductivity after damage. It can be envisioned that the polyurethanes with both superior mech. performance and high healing efficiencies have great application prospect in multifarious fields.

Polymer published new progress about 517-23-7. 517-23-7 belongs to esters-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Tetrahydrofuran,Ketone,Ester, name is 3-Acetyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one, and the molecular formula is C15H21BO3, Category: esters-buliding-blocks.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ester,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Sun, Zikai published the artcileImmunosuppressive effects of dimethyl fumarate on dendritic cell maturation and migration: a potent protector for coronary heart disease, Recommanded Product: Dimethyl fumarate, the publication is Immunopharmacology and Immunotoxicology (2022), 44(2), 178-185, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

Dendritic cells (DCs), as a bridge between innate and adaptive immunity, play key roles in atherogenesis, particularly in plaque rupture, the underlying pathophysiol. cause of myocardial infarction. Targeting DC functions, including maturation and migration to atherosclerotic plaques, may be a novel therapeutic approach to atherosclerotic disease. Di-Me fumarate (DMF), an agent consisting of a combination of fumaric acid esters, in current study were found to be able to suppress DC maturation by reducing the expression of costimulatory mols. and MHC class II and by blocking cytokine secretion. In addition, DMF efficiently inhibited the migration of activated DCs in vitro and in vivo by reducing the expression of chemokine receptor 7 (CCR7). Addnl., DMF efficiently inhibited the expression of the costimulatory mol. CD86, as well as the chemokine receptor CCR7 and the C-XC motif chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4), in healthy donor-derived purified DCs that had been stimulated by ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patient serum. This study points to the potent therapeutic value of DMF for protecting against cardiovascular disease by suppressing DC functions.

Immunopharmacology and Immunotoxicology published new progress about 624-49-7. 624-49-7 belongs to esters-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Inhibitor,Natural product, name is Dimethyl fumarate, and the molecular formula is C25H29N9O3, Recommanded Product: Dimethyl fumarate.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ester,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Wu, Bo published the artcileMutually-complementary structure design towards highly stretchable elastomers with robust strength and autonomous self-healing property, HPLC of Formula: 517-23-7, the publication is Polymer (2020), 122003, database is CAplus.

Achieving good transparency, high strength and superior extensibility simultaneously in autonomic self-healing elastomers remains challenging and fascinating. Herein, a complementary design strategy of combining densely distributed multiple hydrogen bonds and loosely packed spacer units in supramol. elastomer was reported to address the inherent contradiction of robust strength and room temperature self-healing. The chem. structure can be tuned to achieve a good compromise between the mech. properties and self-healing efficiency. The representative elastomers can achieve robust strength (6.81 MPa), high extensibility (2520%) and superior toughness with the dissipated energy up to 63.7 MJ/m³. Moreover, this elastomer is capable of recovering mech. fractures and routine scratches with the self-healing efficiency up to 90%, which are comparable to that of room-temperature self-healable counterparts. Spacer units with steric hindrance effect can facilitate segmental motions and dynamic changes of H-bonds. Meanwhile, the randomly distributed multiple H bonds crosslinking such spacers contribute to the good mech. performance and intriguing self-healing. In contrast to previous reports, this strategy provides an uncomplicated and cost-effective route to prepare robust elastomers that can self-heal at room temperature without any need of external assistance.

Polymer published new progress about 517-23-7. 517-23-7 belongs to esters-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Tetrahydrofuran,Ketone,Ester, name is 3-Acetyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one, and the molecular formula is C11H22N2O4, HPLC of Formula: 517-23-7.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ester,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Gupton, John T. published the artcileReaction of Gold’s reagent with activated methylene groups derived from esters and nitroarenes, Application of Ethyl 3-(dimethylamino)acrylate, the publication is Synthetic Communications (1982), 12(12), 939-46, database is CAplus.

Acetate and malonate esters reacted with Me₂NCH:NCH:N⁺Me₂ Cl^– (I) to yield RC(:CHNMe₂)CO₂Et (R = H, Ph, CO₂Et, cyano). Similarly prepared, from nitrotoluenes and lactones, were II (R = H, Br, Cl, NO₂; R¹ = NO₂, H) and III (R = H, Me). Thus, PhCH₂CO₂Et was treated with I and NaOEt in EtOH to give PhC(:CHNMe₂)CO₂Et.

Synthetic Communications published new progress about 924-99-2. 924-99-2 belongs to esters-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Alkenyl,Amine,Aliphatic hydrocarbon chain,Ester, name is Ethyl 3-(dimethylamino)acrylate, and the molecular formula is C7H13NO2, Application of Ethyl 3-(dimethylamino)acrylate.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ester,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics