Tag: M.W=100-150

Zhang, Jiajun published the artcileTris(4-bromophenyl)aminium Hexachloroantimonate-Mediated Intermolecular C(sp²)-C(sp³) Free Radical Coupling of Vindoline with β-Ketoesters and Related Compounds, SDS of cas: 517-23-7, the publication is Journal of the American Chemical Society (2022), 144(1), 495-502, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

A powerful tris(4-bromophenyl)aminium hexachloroantimonate (BAHA) mediated regioselective intermol. coupling reaction of vindoline with a wide range of substrates that include β-ketoesters, β-diketones, β-ketoaldehydes, β-ketonitriles, β-ketolactones, β-ketolactams, β-cyanoesters, and malononitriles is detailed. The BAHA-promoted intermol. sp³/sp² coupling, representing a special class of selective C-H functionalization reactions with direct carbon-carbon bond formation, proceeds with generation of a quaternary center bound to the aryl C15 center of vindoline capable of accommodating of the vinblastine C16′ Me ester and functionalized for subsequent divergent heterocycle introduction. A comprehensive examination of the reaction scope, optimization of subtle reaction parameters, and key insights into the reaction mechanism are described. Contrary to what might be prevailing expectations, studies suggest the plausible mechanism entails initial single-electron oxidation of the substrate enolate, not vindoline, and subsequent regiospecific addition of the resulting electrophilic radical to vindoline. As such and beyond the new arylation reaction with vindoline, the studies define a host of new, previously unrecognized, applications of BAHA and related triarylaminium radical cations that arises from their ability to generate stabilized electrophilic radicals from β-ketoesters and related substrates under nonreducing and metal-free conditions. Those exemplified herein include mediating stabilized enolate free radical arylation, dimerization, allylation, alkene addition, and α-oxidation reactions.

Journal of the American Chemical Society published new progress about 517-23-7. 517-23-7 belongs to esters-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Tetrahydrofuran,Ketone,Ester, name is 3-Acetyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one, and the molecular formula is C12H17NS2, SDS of cas: 517-23-7.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ester,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Galamb, V. published the artcileAlkylcobalt tetracarbonyls. V. Reaction of α-substituted α-haloacetic acid esters with sodium tetracarbonylcobaltate, Category: esters-buliding-blocks, the publication is Acta Chimica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae (1982), 111(2), 131-9, database is CAplus.

Treating Na[Co(CO)₄] with halo esters BrCHRCO₂R¹ (R = Me, Me₃C, Ph; R¹ = Me, Et) gave alkylcobalt tetracarbonyls RCH(CO₂R¹)Co(CO)₄, some of which were isolated. In the case of PhCHBrCO₂Et, the π-benzyl cobalt complex I was also obtained. Decomposition of the reaction mixtures yielded hydrogenated and carbonylated derivatives, along with coupling products of the starting compounds The decomposition involves radical reaction pathways. Treating Na[Co(CO)₄] with di-Et bromomalonate gave, after the usual workup, mainly the hydrogenolysis product di-Et malonate.

Acta Chimica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae published new progress about 5340-78-3. 5340-78-3 belongs to esters-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Aliphatic Chain, name is Ethyltert-butylacetate, and the molecular formula is C8H16O2, Category: esters-buliding-blocks.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ester,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Li, Jiajia published the artcilePhotoinduced controlled radical polymerization of methyl acrylate and vinyl acetate by xanthate, Quality Control of 19788-49-9, the publication is Polymer Chemistry (2018), 9(21), 2897-2904, database is CAplus.

A novel fluoro-xanthate, 2-((4-fluorophenoxycarbonothioyl)thio)ethyl propanoate, was developed and successfully used as a mediator in the photoinduced controlled radical polymerization of more-activated monomers (Me acrylate (MA), Bu acrylate, and N-isopropylacrylamide) and a less-activated monomer (vinyl acetate (VAc)). The controlled characteristics of the polymerization were demonstrated by the linearly increasing molar mass with conversion, producing polymers with narrow molar mass distributions (1.14-1.37) for MA and VAc. Furthermore, the block copolymer of PMA-b-PVAc was successfully synthesized through chain-extension using PMA as the macro-RAFT agent and VAc as the second monomer.

Polymer Chemistry published new progress about 19788-49-9. 19788-49-9 belongs to esters-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Thiol,Aliphatic hydrocarbon chain,Ester, name is Ethyl 2-mercaptopropanoate, and the molecular formula is C5H10O2S, Quality Control of 19788-49-9.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ester,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Ronsisvalle, Simone published the artcilePharmacological properties and biochemical mechanisms of μ-opioid receptor ligands might be due to different binding poses: MD studies, Recommanded Product: 3-Acetyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one, the publication is Future Medicinal Chemistry (2020), 12(22), 2001-2018, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

Central and peripheral analgesia without adverse effects relies on the identification of μ-opioid agonists that are able to activate basal antinociceptive pathways. Recently developed μ-selective benzomorphan agonists that are not antagonized by naloxone do not activate G-proteins and β-arrestins. Which pathways do μ receptors activate How can each of them be selectively activated What role is played by allosteric binding sites. Mol. modeling studies characterize the amino acid residues involved in the interaction with various classes of endogenous and exogenous ligands and with agonists and antagonists. Critical binding differences between various classes of agonists with different pharmacol. profiles have been identified. MML series binding poses may be relevant in the search for an antinociception agent without side effects.

Future Medicinal Chemistry published new progress about 517-23-7. 517-23-7 belongs to esters-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Tetrahydrofuran,Ketone,Ester, name is 3-Acetyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one, and the molecular formula is C6H8O3, Recommanded Product: 3-Acetyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ester,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Ntranos, Achilles published the artcileBacterial neurotoxic metabolites in multiple sclerosis cerebrospinal fluid and plasma., Category: esters-buliding-blocks, the publication is Brain : a journal of neurology (2022), 145(2), 569-583, database is MEDLINE.

The identification of intestinal dysbiosis in patients with neurological and psychiatric disorders has highlighted the importance of gut-brain communication, and yet the question regarding the identity of the components responsible for this cross-talk remains open. We previously reported that relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis patients treated with dimethyl fumarate have a prominent depletion of the gut microbiota, thereby suggesting that studying the composition of plasma and CSF samples from these patients may help to identify microbially derived metabolites. We used a functional xenogeneic assay consisting of cultured rat neurons exposed to CSF samples collected from multiple sclerosis patients before and after dimethyl fumarate treatment to assess neurotoxicity and then conducted a metabolomic analysis of plasma and CSF samples to identify metabolites with differential abundance. A weighted correlation network analysis allowed us to identify groups of metabolites, present in plasma and CSF samples, whose abundance correlated with the neurotoxic potential of the CSF. This analysis identified the presence of phenol and indole group metabolites of bacterial origin (e.g. p-cresol sulphate, indoxyl sulphate and N-phenylacetylglutamine) as potentially neurotoxic and decreased by treatment. Chronic exposure of cultured neurons to these metabolites impaired their firing rate and induced axonal damage, independent from mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress, thereby identifying a novel pathway of neurotoxicity. Clinical, radiological and cognitive test metrics were also collected in treated patients at follow-up visits. Improved MRI metrics, disability and cognition were only detected in dimethyl fumarate-treated relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis patients. The levels of the identified metabolites of bacterial origin (p-cresol sulphate, indoxyl sulphate and N-phenylacetylglutamine) were inversely correlated to MRI measurements of cortical volume and directly correlated to the levels of neurofilament light chain, an established biomarker of neurodegeneration. Our data suggest that phenol and indole derivatives from the catabolism of tryptophan and phenylalanine are microbially derived metabolites, which may mediate gut-brain communication and induce neurotoxicity in multiple sclerosis.

Brain : a journal of neurology published new progress about 624-49-7. 624-49-7 belongs to esters-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Inhibitor,Natural product, name is Dimethyl fumarate, and the molecular formula is C6H8O4, Category: esters-buliding-blocks.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ester,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Porwal, Mokshal H. published the artcileDisproportional increase in psoriasis reports in association with B cell depleting therapies in patients with multiple sclerosis, Application of Dimethyl fumarate, the publication is Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders (2022), 103832, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

Some pathways involved in the pathogenesis of psoriasis share similarities with processes involved in multiple sclerosis (MS) pathogenesis. However, the association between MS and psoriasis is poorly understood. Since disease-modifying therapies for MS have various targets, it may be possible that the occurrence of psoriasis varies by drug. To analyze the frequency of psoriasis reports in patients treated with various disease-modifying therapies for MS. Data was collected using the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) and OpenFDA database between Jan. 2009 and June 2020. The study analyzed total reports of psoriasis out of total reports in the “Skin and S.c. Tissue Disorders” category for each drug and explored age, sex distribution, and report source. OpenFDA data was used to perform statistical analyses including reporting odds ratios (ROR) and information components. The study identified 517 psoriasis reports of 45,547 total skin and s.c. tissue disorders (1.13%) in FAERS. The highest proportions of reports in this study were associated with rituximab, ocrelizumab, and interferon beta 1a. The lowest proportion of reports were associated with glatiramer acetate, alemtuzumab, di-Me fumarate and teriflunomide. Reports of other autoimmune skin disorders were minimal (29 vitiligo, 33 pemphigoid, and 7 pemphigus). Patients primarily drove reports for most DMTs vs. healthcare providers. The proportion of reports from female patients were the highest for each DMT except alemtuzumab. OpenFDA query retrieved 302 total reports of psoriasis. Significantly increased reporting odds ratios (RORs, 95% confidence interval) of psoriasis were noted for rituximab (7.14, 3.92-13.00), ocrelizumab (3.79, 2.74-5.23), and fingolimod (1.33, 1.01-1.76). Significantly decreased RORs were noted for natalizumab (0.53, 0.36-0.80), glatiramer acetate (0.58, 0.35-0.96), and di-Me fumarate (0.71, 0.53-0.94). There are frequent reports of psoriasis in MS patients treated with various DMTs. However, reports and RORs were disproportionally high in association with B cell depleting therapies. Further research is required to determine if certain DMTs may serve as better options for individuals affected by, or at high-risk for developing psoriasis.

Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders published new progress about 624-49-7. 624-49-7 belongs to esters-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Inhibitor,Natural product, name is Dimethyl fumarate, and the molecular formula is C6H8O4, Application of Dimethyl fumarate.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ester,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Fuentes, M. Angeles published the artcileCatalytic Functionalization of Methane and Light Alkanes in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide, Application of Ethyltert-butylacetate, the publication is Chemistry – A European Journal (2014), 20(35), 11013-11018, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

The development of catalytic methods for the effective functionalization of methane yet remains a challenge. The best system known to date is the so-called Catalytica Process based on the use of platinum catalysts to convert methane into Me bisulfate with a TOF rate of 10^-3 s. In this contribution, the authors report a series of silver complexes containing perfluorinated tris(indazolyl)borate ligands that catalyze the functionalization of methane into Et propionate upon reaction with Et diazoacetate (EDA) by using supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO₂) as the reaction medium. The employment of this reaction medium has also allowed the functionalization of ethane, propane, butane and isobutane. The synthesis of the target compounds was achieved using silver-boron-indazole derivatives as catalysts, such as [hydrotris[4,5,6,7-tetrafluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-indazolato-κN¹]borato(1-)-κN²,κN^2′,κN^2”](2-propanone)silver, [hydrotris[4,5,6,7-tetrafluoro-3-(1,1,2,2,2-pentafluoroethyl)-1H-indazolato-κN¹]borato(1-)-κN²,κN^2′,κN^2”](tetrahydrofuran)silver. The tilte compounds thus formed included propanoic acid Et ester, butanoic acid Et ester, 3-ethylpentanoic acid Et ester, 3-methylhexanoic acid Et ester, heptanoic acid Et ester, pentanoic acid Et ester, 3-methylbutanoic acid Et ester, 4-methylpentanoic acid Et ester, hexanoic acid Et ester, 3-methylpentanoic acid Et ester.

Chemistry – A European Journal published new progress about 5340-78-3. 5340-78-3 belongs to esters-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Aliphatic Chain, name is Ethyltert-butylacetate, and the molecular formula is C8H16O2, Application of Ethyltert-butylacetate.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ester,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Moulkrere, Bachar Rebat published the artcileEvaluation of heteroatom-rich derivatives as antitubercular agents with InhA inhibition properties, Related Products of esters-buliding-blocks, the publication is Medicinal Chemistry Research (2018), 27(1), 308-320, database is CAplus.

Two series of heterocyclic compounds derived from 3-acetyl-4-hydroxy-6-methyl-2H-pyran-2-one (DHA) and 2-acetylbutyrolactone have been synthesized and characterized. The compounds were evaluated for their activities against Mycobacterium tuberculosis strain, and as inhibitors of InhA, a key enzyme involved in the type II fatty acid biosynthesis pathway of M. tuberculosis. Among the tested compounds, one DHA derivative, compound 2, showed promising activity against both mycobacteria and InhA. Docking studies were also carried out and give some new structure-activity trends compatible with current structural knowledge.

Medicinal Chemistry Research published new progress about 517-23-7. 517-23-7 belongs to esters-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Tetrahydrofuran,Ketone,Ester, name is 3-Acetyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one, and the molecular formula is C6H8O3, Related Products of esters-buliding-blocks.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ester,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Park, Haesun published the artcileEvolution of drug delivery systems: From 1950 to 2020 and beyond, Related Products of esters-buliding-blocks, the publication is Journal of Controlled Release (2022), 53-65, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

Modern drug delivery technol. began in 1952 with the advent of the Spansule sustained-release capsule technol., which can deliver a drug for 12 h after oral administration through an initial immediate dose followed by the remaining released gradually. Until the 1980s, oral and transdermal formulations providing therapeutic durations up to 24 h for small mols. dominated the drug delivery field and the market. The introduction of Lupron Depot in 1989 opened the door for long-acting injectables and implantables, extending the drug delivery duration from days to months and occasionally years. Notably, the new technologies allowed long-term delivery of peptide and protein drugs, although limited to parenteral administration. The introduction of the first PEGylated protein, Adagen, in 1990 marked the new era of PEGylation, resulting in Doxil (doxorubicin in PEGylated liposome) in 1995, Movantik (PEGylated naloxone – naloxegol) in 2014, and Onpattro (Patisiran – siRNA in PEGylated lipid nanoparticle) in 2018. Drug-polymer complexes were introduced, e.g., InFed (iron-dextran complex injection) in 1974 and Abraxane (paclitaxel-albumin complex) in 2005. In 2000, both Mylotarg (antibody-drug conjugate – gemtuzumab ozogamicin) and Rapamune (sirolimus nanocrystal formulation) were introduced. The year 2000 also marked the launching of the National Nanotechnol. Initiative by the U. S. government, which was soon followed by the rest of the world. Extensive work on nanomedicine, particularly formulations designed to escape from endosomes after being taken by tumor cells, along with PEGylation technol., ultimately resulted in the timely development of lipid nanoparticle formulations for COVID-19 vaccine delivery in 2020. While the advances in drug delivery technologies for the last seven decades are breathtaking, they are only the tip of an iceberg of technologies that have yet to be utilized in an approved formulation or even to be discovered. As life expectancy continues to increase, more people require long-term care for various diseases. Filling the current and future unmet needs requires innovative drug delivery technologies to overcome age-old familiar hurdles, e.g., improving water-solubility of poorly soluble drugs, overcoming biol. barriers, and developing more efficient long-acting depot formulations. The lessons learned from the past are essential assets for developing future drug delivery technologies implemented into products. As the development of COVID-19 vaccines demonstrated, meeting the unforeseen crisis of the uncertain future requires continuous cumulation of failures (as learning experiences), knowledge, and technologies. Conscious efforts of supporting diversified research topics in the drug delivery field are urgently needed more than ever.

Journal of Controlled Release published new progress about 624-49-7. 624-49-7 belongs to esters-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Inhibitor,Natural product, name is Dimethyl fumarate, and the molecular formula is C6H8O4, Related Products of esters-buliding-blocks.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ester,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Takeuchi, Seiji published the artcileEnantioselective protonation of samarium enolates by a C₂-symmetric chiral diol, HPLC of Formula: 5340-78-3, the publication is Tetrahedron: Asymmetry (1994), 5(9), 1763-80, database is CAplus.

High enantioselectivity (up to 97% ee) has been achieved in the protonation of samarium enolates which were generated by SmI₂-mediated cross-coupling reaction between unsym. dialkylketenes and allyl iodide, using C₂-sym. chiral diol (S,S)-o-C₆H₄(CH₂OCH₂CHPhOH)₂ as a proton source. The stereochem. of enolate formation and of the enantioselective protonation is discussed.

Tetrahedron: Asymmetry published new progress about 5340-78-3. 5340-78-3 belongs to esters-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Aliphatic Chain, name is Ethyltert-butylacetate, and the molecular formula is C12H9N3O4, HPLC of Formula: 5340-78-3.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ester,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics