Tag: M.W=100-150

Bose, Debdipta published the artcileImpact of disease-modifying therapies on MRI outcomes in patients with relapsing -remitting multiple sclerosis: A systematic review and network meta-analysis., Related Products of esters-buliding-blocks, the publication is Multiple sclerosis and related disorders (2022), 103760, database is MEDLINE.

BACKGROUND: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune inflammatory demyelinating disorder of the central nervous system. The clinical presentation supported by characteristic findings on MRI forms the backbone of the current diagnostic criteria. This study was aimed to investigate the efficacy based on MRI outcomes of FDA approved disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) for relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS). MATERIALS AND METHODS: We searched PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials for randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of DMTs. The outcome measures were the mean number of T2 [new/enlarging lesions], new T1 [gadolinium-enhancing (Gd+) T1 and hypointense T1] lesions in brain MRI performed at 12 months or 24 months. We performed a network meta-analysis using the frequentist approach in STATA version 16.0. RESULTS: We identified 26 RCTs for final analysis. Interferon β-1a and placebo were the most common comparison treatment. Ocrelizumab was more effective in reducing the number of Gd+T1 lesions. Dimethyl fumarate 480 mg was relatively better in reducing the number of new T2 lesions. The treatment ranking showed that ocrelizumab and dimethyl fumarate 480 mg were more efficacious (1 and 0.9 in SUCRA, respectively) for reducing the number of new Gd+T1/hypointense lesions; dimethyl fumarate 480 mg/720 mg and natalizumab were more efficacious (1.0, 0.9 and 0.8 in SUCRA, respectively) to reduce the number of new T2 lesions. CONCLUSION: Ocrelizumab, dimethyl fumarate 480/720 mg and natalizumab demonstrated favourable MRI outcomes in patients with the RRMS.

Multiple sclerosis and related disorders published new progress about 624-49-7. 624-49-7 belongs to esters-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Inhibitor,Natural product, name is Dimethyl fumarate, and the molecular formula is C6H8O4, Related Products of esters-buliding-blocks.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ester,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Guo, Qihang published the artcileControllable Intramolecular Unactivated C(sp3)-H Amination and Oxygenation of Carbamates, Category: esters-buliding-blocks, the publication is Organic Letters (2019), 21(4), 880-884, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

Dual catalyst-controlled intramol. unactivated C(sp³)-H amination and oxygenation of carbamates merging visible-light photocatalysis and earth-abundant transition metal catalysis have been reported. Useful amino alc. and diol derivatives could be selectively obtained from readily available tertiary alc. derivatives The possible mechanisms have been proposed via a 1,5-HAT process followed by Lewis acid-controlled cyclization. The nickel and zinc catalysts inhibit the formation of oxygenation and amination products, resp. An interesting phenomenon of chirality transfer is also observed

Organic Letters published new progress about 5340-78-3. 5340-78-3 belongs to esters-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Aliphatic Chain, name is Ethyltert-butylacetate, and the molecular formula is C8H16O2, Category: esters-buliding-blocks.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ester,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Xu, Yan-Li published the artcileHighly enantioselective one-pot sequential synthesis of valerolactones and pyrazolones bearing all-carbon quaternary stereocentres, Quality Control of 517-23-7, the publication is Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry (2021), 19(7), 1610-1615, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

Highly enantiopure and bioactive δ-valerolactones I (R = Me, Ph, 1-naphthyl, 2-chlorophenyl, etc.; R¹ = Ph, 1-naphthyl, 2-methylphenyl, etc.; n = 0, 1), and pyrazolones II, bearing α-all-carbon quaternary stereocentres, were successfully and sequentially prepared via a one-pot procedure starting from readily available, inexpensive materials, catalyzed by a new chiral squaramide III under mild reaction conditions. An organocatalytic Michael reaction afforded the valerolactones I, while a one-pot Michael-hydrazinolysis-imidization cascade yielded the pyrazolones II. This procedure is economically efficient and environmentally benign.

Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry published new progress about 517-23-7. 517-23-7 belongs to esters-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Tetrahydrofuran,Ketone,Ester, name is 3-Acetyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one, and the molecular formula is C10H14O, Quality Control of 517-23-7.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ester,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Li, Shuangshuang published the artcilePractical allylation with unactivated allylic alcohols under mild conditions, Recommanded Product: 3-Acetyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one, the publication is Organic Chemistry Frontiers (2021), 8(13), 3354-3359, database is CAplus.

A practical palladium/calcium catalytic system was developed for dehydrative allylation with unactivated allylic alcs. EtOH solvent with a H₂O additive was identified as powerful medium to accelerate proton transfer. This catalytic system and environmentally benign medium enabled a variety of soft carbonic nucleophiles and allylic alcs. to react smoothly at room temperature with water as the only byproduct. A wide spectrum of allylic compounds bearing a variety of functional groups I [R = Me, CN, CO₂Et, etc.; R¹ = CO₂Me, CO₂Et; R² = CN, NO₂, CO₂Me, CO₂Et; R³ = H, Me; R⁴ = H, Me; R⁵ = Ph, 2-FC₆H₄, 2-thienyl, etc.] could be obtained with high to excellent yields.

Organic Chemistry Frontiers published new progress about 517-23-7. 517-23-7 belongs to esters-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Tetrahydrofuran,Ketone,Ester, name is 3-Acetyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one, and the molecular formula is C6H8O3, Recommanded Product: 3-Acetyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ester,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Shi, Shuai published the artcileThree-component radical homo Mannich reaction, Synthetic Route of 19788-49-9, the publication is Nature Communications (2021), 12(1), 1006, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

By employing a radical process, enolizable aldehydes were utilized as substrates in the three-component radical homo-Mannich reaction for the streamlined synthesis of γ-amino-carbonyl compounds. The electrophilic radicals were generated from thiols HSCHR¹C(O)R² (R¹ = H, Me; R² = Me, EtO, PhCH₂O, 1-adamantyl, Et₂N, etc.) via the desulfurization process facilitated by visible-light, and then added to the electron-rich double bonds of enamines, formed in-situ from aldehydes or ketones R³CH₂C(O)R⁴ [R³ = H, Et, MeSCH₂, Ph, PhCH₂, etc., R⁴ = H; R³ = H, R⁴ = Ph, 3-FC₆H₄, etc.; R³R⁴ = (CH₂)₅, CH₂CHPhCH₂CH₂, CH₂N(CH₂Ph)CH₂CH₂, etc.] and amines R⁵NHR⁶ [R⁵ = Me, R⁶ = H₂C:CHCH₂, PhCH₂, cyclohexyl, etc.; R⁵ = PhCH₂, R⁶ = PhCH₂, EtO₂CCH₂, etc.; R⁵R⁶ = (CH₂)₄, CHPh(CH₂)₃, etc.] to provide the products I in a single step. The broad scope, mild conditions, high functional group tolerance, and modularity of this metal-free approach for the synthesis of complex tertiary amine scaffolds will likely be of great utility to chemists in both academia and industry.

Nature Communications published new progress about 19788-49-9. 19788-49-9 belongs to esters-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Thiol,Aliphatic hydrocarbon chain,Ester, name is Ethyl 2-mercaptopropanoate, and the molecular formula is C6H13N3O2, Synthetic Route of 19788-49-9.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ester,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Ulven, Elisabeth Rexen published the artcileStructure-Activity Relationship Studies of Tetrahydroquinolone Free Fatty Acid Receptor 3 Modulators, Formula: C6H10O3, the publication is Journal of Medicinal Chemistry (2020), 63(7), 3577-3595, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

Free fatty acid receptor 3 (FFA3, previously GPR41) is activated by short-chain fatty acids, mediates health effects of the gut microbiota, and is a therapeutic target for metabolic and inflammatory diseases. The shortage of well-characterized tool compounds has however impeded progress. Herein, we report structure-activity relationship of an allosteric modulator series and characterization of physicochem. and pharmacokinetic properties of selected compounds, including previous and new tools. Two representatives, 57 (TUG-1907) and 63 (TUG-2015), showed improved solubility and preserved potency. Of these, 57, with EC₅₀ = 145 nM and a solubility of 33μM, showed high clearance in vivo but is a preferred tool in vitro. In contrast, 63, with EC₅₀ = 162 nM and a solubility of 9μM, showed lower clearance and seems better suited for in vivo studies. Using 57, we demonstrate for the first time that FFA3 activation leads to calcium mobilization in murine dorsal root ganglia.

Journal of Medicinal Chemistry published new progress about 30414-53-0. 30414-53-0 belongs to esters-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Aliphatic hydrocarbon chain,Ketone,Ester, name is Methyl 3-oxovalerate, and the molecular formula is C9H5Cl2F3, Formula: C6H10O3.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ester,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Porter, Jacob published the artcileA novel, unusual acid catalyzed route to substituted 1,4-dihydropyridine via double decarboxylation, HPLC of Formula: 924-99-2, the publication is Letters in Organic Chemistry (2011), 8(9), 610-613, database is CAplus.

A simple and high yield route to 3,4,5-trisubstituted 1,4-dihydropyridine systems via an interesting intermol. condensation and double decarboxylation is described. Thus, in presence of AcOH, reaction of (E)-EtO₂CCH:CHNHBn and di-Et (ethoxymethylene)malonate gave 1,4-dihydropyridine derivative (I).

Letters in Organic Chemistry published new progress about 924-99-2. 924-99-2 belongs to esters-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Alkenyl,Amine,Aliphatic hydrocarbon chain,Ester, name is Ethyl 3-(dimethylamino)acrylate, and the molecular formula is C7H13NO2, HPLC of Formula: 924-99-2.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ester,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Liu, Ze-Shui published the artcilePalladium/Norbornene Cooperative Catalysis To Access Tetrahydronaphthalenes and Indanes with a Quaternary Center, Safety of 3-Acetyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one, the publication is ACS Catalysis (2018), 8(6), 4783-4788, database is CAplus.

A cooperative catalytic system comprising a palladium/XPhos complex and 5-norbornene-2-carboxylic acid was developed. This system promotes a two-component annulation reaction, allowing the construction of tetrahydronaphthalenes and indanes that contain quaternary centers through consecutive Catellani-type C-H activation and redox-relay Heck reaction. Inexpensive 5-norbornene-2-carboxylic acid acts as a catalytic mediator (20 mol %) in this process. This mild, scalable, and chemoselective protocol is compatible with a wide variety of readily available aryl iodides and alkylating reagents. Application of this method in a 4-step synthesis of opioid analgesic eptazocine is demonstrated. Preliminary studies underscore the future promise of rendering this Catellani/redox-relay Heck cascade enantioselective.

ACS Catalysis published new progress about 517-23-7. 517-23-7 belongs to esters-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Tetrahydrofuran,Ketone,Ester, name is 3-Acetyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one, and the molecular formula is C6H8O3, Safety of 3-Acetyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ester,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Gao, Ya published the artcileDefluorinative Alkylation of Trifluoromethyl Alkenes with Soft Carbon Nucleophiles Enabled by a Catalytic Amount of Base, Formula: C6H8O3, the publication is Advanced Synthesis & Catalysis (2022), 364(13), 2241-2247, database is CAplus.

Direct manipulation of readily accessible trifluoromethyl alkenes (TAs) represents an attractive approach to the preparation of diversified fluorine-containing compounds In this study, defluorinative alkylation reactions of TAs with a broad array of soft carbon nucleophiles have been documented. Nucleophilic substitutions occur enabled by a catalytic amount of base, providing access to tertiary alkyl substituted gem-difluoroalkenes and 2-fluoro-4H-pyrans. By extending the nucleophiles to silyl enol ethers, defluorination can be achieved in the absence of base to give gem-difluoroalkenes. This process, which eliminates the requirement of organometallic reagents, transition metals, or strong bases for the C-F bond cleavage, is applicable to late-stage modification of complex mols.

Advanced Synthesis & Catalysis published new progress about 517-23-7. 517-23-7 belongs to esters-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Tetrahydrofuran,Ketone,Ester, name is 3-Acetyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one, and the molecular formula is C6H8O3, Formula: C6H8O3.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ester,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Zinger, Nicole published the artcileDimethyl Fumarate Reduces Inflammation in Chronic Active Multiple Sclerosis Lesions., Name: Dimethyl fumarate, the publication is Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation (2022), 9(2), database is MEDLINE.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: To determine the effects of dimethyl fumarate (DMF) and glatiramer acetate on iron content in chronic active lesions in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) and in human microglia in vitro. METHODS: This was a retrospective observational study of 34 patients with relapsing-remitting MS and clinically isolated syndrome treated with DMF or glatiramer acetate. Patients had lesions with hyperintense rims on quantitative susceptibility mapping, were treated with DMF or glatiramer acetate (GA), and had a minimum of 2 on-treatment scans. Changes in susceptibility in rim lesions were compared among treatment groups in a linear mixed effects model. In a separate in vitro study, induced pluripotent stem cell-derived human microglia were treated with DMF or GA, and treatment-induced changes in iron content and activation state of microglia were compared. RESULTS: Rim lesions in patients treated with DMF had on average a 2.77-unit reduction in susceptibility per year over rim lesions in patients treated with GA (bootstrapped 95% CI -5.87 to -0.01), holding all other variables constant. Moreover, DMF but not GA reduced inflammatory activation and concomitantly iron content in human microglia in vitro. DISCUSSION: Together, our data indicate that DMF-induced reduction of susceptibility in MS lesions is associated with a decreased activation state in microglial cells. We have demonstrated that a specific disease modifying therapy, DMF, decreases glial activity in chronic active lesions. Susceptibility changes in rim lesions provide an in vivo biomarker for the effect of DMF on microglial activity. CLASSIFICATION OF EVIDENCE: This study provided Class III evidence that DMF is superior to GA in the presence of iron as a marker of inflammation as measured by MRI quantitative susceptibility mapping.

Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation published new progress about 624-49-7. 624-49-7 belongs to esters-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Inhibitor,Natural product, name is Dimethyl fumarate, and the molecular formula is C4H4Br2N2, Name: Dimethyl fumarate.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ester,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics