Tag: M.W=100-150

Bityukov, Oleg V. published the artcileSolvent-free silica gel mediated decarboxylation of C-O coupling products of β-diketones and β-oxo esters with malonyl peroxides, COA of Formula: C6H8O3, the publication is Mendeleev Communications (2019), 29(1), 55-56, database is CAplus.

Silica gel was found to mediate decarboxylation of tetracarbonyl compounds with a free carboxylic group prepared from β-dicarbonyl compounds and malonyl peroxides to give I [R¹ = Me; R² = Me, CH₂Ph, (CH₂)₂C(O)CH₃, etc.; R¹R² = (CH₂)₃, (CH₂)₄, O(CH₂)₂; R³ = Me, OEt; R⁴ = CHEt₂, CH(n-Bu)₂, c-C₄H₇, c-C₅H₉]. Under solvent-free heterogeneous conditions silica gel effectively acts as a mediator of C-O coupling with further decarboxylation at 120 °C.

Mendeleev Communications published new progress about 517-23-7. 517-23-7 belongs to esters-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Tetrahydrofuran,Ketone,Ester, name is 3-Acetyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one, and the molecular formula is C6H8O3, COA of Formula: C6H8O3.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ester,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Gao, Xin published the artcilePhotoenzymatic Synthesis of α-Tertiary Amines by Engineered Flavin-Dependent “Ene”-Reductases, Related Products of esters-buliding-blocks, the publication is Journal of the American Chemical Society (2021), 143(47), 19643-19647, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

α-Tertiary amines are a common motif in pharmaceutically important mols. but are challenging to prepare using asym. catalysis. Here, author demonstrate engineered flavin-dependent ‘ene’-reductases (EREDs) can catalyze radical additions into oximes to prepare this motif. Two different EREDs were evolved into competent catalysts for this transformation with high levels of stereoselectivity. Mechanistic studies indicate that the oxime contributes to the enzyme templated charge-transfer complex formed between the substrate and cofactor. These products can be further derivatized to prepare a variety of motifs, highlighting the versatility of ERED photoenzymic catalysis for organic synthesis.

Journal of the American Chemical Society published new progress about 30414-53-0. 30414-53-0 belongs to esters-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Aliphatic hydrocarbon chain,Ketone,Ester, name is Methyl 3-oxovalerate, and the molecular formula is C6H10O3, Related Products of esters-buliding-blocks.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ester,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Kitazaki, Yuki published the artcilePrimary diffuse large B-cell lymphoma of the central nervous system with rapidly progressing lesions after dimethyl fumarate treatment, showing relapsing and remitting symptoms: A case report, Synthetic Route of 624-49-7, the publication is Clinical & Experimental Neuroimmunology (2022), 13(1), 60-65, database is CAplus.

Background : We present a case of B-cell type primary central nervous system lymphoma that rapidly progressed after di-Me fumarate (DMF) administration. Case presentation : An asymptomatic white matter lesion of the left frontal lobe was observed in a 56-yr-old Japanese man on magnetic resonance imaging during a medical checkup. For the subsequent 5 mo, the sporadic white matter lesion showed no change and no contrast effect. He suddenly presented with right upper limb paralysis on day 74. After improvement, he had a recurrence of right upper limb paralysis and diminished vision loss. Based on the 2017 revised McDonald criteria, two attacks, objective clin. evidence of one lesion and cerebrospinal fluid oligoclonal band assay positivity, he was diagnosed with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis and administered DMF. Three months after DMF administration, he developed new brain lesions that progressed rapidly; addnl. immunotherapy was ineffective. He was pathol. diagnosed with B-cell type primary central nervous system lymphoma using brain biopsy on day 301. Conclusion : Patients with rapidly progressing white matter lesions after DMF administration should be suspected for B-cell type primary central nervous system lymphoma and pathol. diagnosed using brain biopsy.

Clinical & Experimental Neuroimmunology published new progress about 624-49-7. 624-49-7 belongs to esters-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Inhibitor,Natural product, name is Dimethyl fumarate, and the molecular formula is C6H8O4, Synthetic Route of 624-49-7.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ester,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Ahmad, Sajjad published the artcileChemical composition, antioxidant and anticholinesterase potentials of essential oil of Rumex hastatus D. Don collected from the North West of Pakistan, Application In Synthesis of 5340-78-3, the publication is BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine (2016), 29/1-29/11, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

Background: Ethnomedicinally Rumex hastatus D. Don has been used since long for various ailments especially in neurol. disorders. The reported data and the importance of Rumex genus demonstrate the vital medicinal value of R. hastatus. Methods: In the current investigational study, isolation of essential oil and its antioxidant and anticholinesterase assays were performed. The essential oil of R. hastatus was analyzed by GC-MS for the first time. The essential oil was evaluated for anticholinesterase and antioxidant assays. The anticholinesterase assay was conducted at various concentrations (62.5 to 1000 μg/mL) against acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE). Similarly, the antioxidant potential was determined using DPPH and ABTS free radicals. Results: The GC-MS anal. of essential oil showed 123 components. The result recorded for the anticholinesterase assays demonstrated a marked potential against AChE and BChE with IC50 values of 32.54 and 97.38 μg/mL resp. which were comparable with the pos. control i.e., galanthamine (AChE, IC50 = 4.73 μg/mL and BChE, IC50 = 11.09 μg/ ml). The antioxidant assays against DPPH and ABTS free radicals also exhibited significant scavenging potential with IC50 values of 3.71 and 6.29 μg/mL resp., while for ascorbic acid the IC50 value was <0.1 μg/mL against both free radicals. Conclusions: Based on the current investigational studies, it may be concluded that R. hastatus is an effective source of essential oil’s components having anticholinesterase and antioxidant potentials, which after subjecting to drug development may lead to novel drug candidates against neurodegenerative disorders.

BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine published new progress about 5340-78-3. 5340-78-3 belongs to esters-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Aliphatic Chain, name is Ethyltert-butylacetate, and the molecular formula is C8H16O2, Application In Synthesis of 5340-78-3.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ester,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Ciampi, Ethel published the artcileSafety and humoral response rate of inactivated and mRNA vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 in patients with Multiple Sclerosis, COA of Formula: C6H8O4, the publication is Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders (2022), 103690, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

Safety and effectiveness outcomes in Multiple Sclerosis (MS) patients receiving different disease-modifying therapies (DMT) and different types of vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 are limited. Growing evidence coming mainly from Israel, Europe and North America using mRNA and adenoviral vector vaccines has been published. To assess the safety and humoral response of inactivated virus and mRNA vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 in patients with MS. Ongoing, multicentric, prospective, observational study performed between Feb. and Sept. 2021. Humoral response (antibodies against spike-1 protein) was determined at least 4 wk after the complete schedule of anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. Categorical outcome (pos./neg.) and total antibody titers were recorded. Adverse events supposedly attributable to vaccination (AESAV) were collected. 178 Patients, 68% women, mean age 39.7 ± 11.2 years, 123 received inactivated (Coronavac-Sinovac), 51 mRNA (Pfizer-BioNtech), and 4 adenoviral vector vaccines (CanSino n = 2, Jonhson&Johnson-Jannsen n = 1, Oxford-AstraZeneca n = 1). Six patients had a history of COVID-19 before vaccination. Overall humoral response was observed in 66.9% (62.6% inactivated vs. 78.4% mRNA, p = 0.04). Pos. anti-S1-antibodies were observed in 100% of patients with no DMT (n = 3), 100% with interferon/glatiramer-acetate (n = 11), 100% with teriflunomide/dimethyl-fumarate (n = 16), 100% with natalizumab (n = 10), 100% with alemtuzumab (n = 8), 90% with cladribine (n = 10), and 88% with fingolimod (n = 17), while 43% of patients receiving antiCD20 (n = 99) were pos. (38% inactivated vaccine vs. 59% mRNA vaccine, p = 0.05). In the multivariate anal. including antiCD20 patients, the predictors for a pos. humoral response were receiving the mRNA vaccine (OR 8.11 (1.79-36.8), p = 0.007) and a lower number of total infusions (OR 0.44 (0.27-0.74) p = 0.002). The most frequent AESAV was local pain (14%), with 4 (2.2%) patients experiencing mild-moderate relapses within 8 wk of first vaccination compared to 11 relapses (6.2%) within the 8 wk before vaccination (Chi-squared 3.41, p = 0.06). A higher humoral response rate was observed using the mRNA compared to the inactivated vaccine, while patients using antiCD20 had a significantly lower response rate, and patients using antiCD20 and fingolimod had lower antibody titers. In this MS patient cohort, inactivated and mRNA vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 appear to be safe, with no increase in relapse rate. This information may help guidelines including booster shots and types of vaccines in selected populations.

Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders published new progress about 624-49-7. 624-49-7 belongs to esters-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Inhibitor,Natural product, name is Dimethyl fumarate, and the molecular formula is C6H8O4, COA of Formula: C6H8O4.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ester,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Giannoccaro, Maria Pia published the artcileDifference in safety and humoral response to mRNA SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in patients with autoimmune neurological disorders: the ANCOVAX study, Product Details of C6H8O4, the publication is Journal of Neurology (2022), 269(8), 4000-4012, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

Assessing the safety of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines and the effect of immunotherapies on the seroconversion rate in patients with autoimmune neurol. conditions (ANC) is relevant to clin. practice. Our aim was to assess the antibody response to and safety of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines in ANC. This longitudinal study included ANC patients vaccinated with two doses of BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273 between March and August 2021. Side effects were assessed 2-10 days after each dose. Neurol. status and anti-spike receptor binding domain antibody levels were evaluated before vaccination and 4 wk after the second dose. Healthcare-workers served as controls for antibody levels. We included 300 ANC patients (median age 52, IQR 40-65), and 347 healthcare-workers (median age 45, IQR 34-54). mRNA-1273 vaccine was associated with an increased risk of both local (OR 2.52 95% CI 1.45-4.39, p = 0.001) and systemic reactions (OR 2.51% CI 1.49-4.23, p = 0.001). The incidence of relapse was not different before and after vaccine (Incidence rate ratio 0.72, 95% CI 0.29-1.83). Anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG were detected in 268 (89.9%) patients and in all controls (p < 0.0001). BNT162b2 vaccine (OR 8.84 95% CI 2.32-33.65, p = 0.001), anti-CD20 mAb (OR 0.004 95% CI 0.0007-0.026, p < 0.0001) and fingolimod (OR 0.036 95% CI 0.002-0.628, p = 0·023) were associated with an increased risk of not developing anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG. SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines were safe in a large group of ANC patients. Anti-CD20 and fingolimod treatment, as well as vaccination with the BNT162b2 vaccine, led to a reduced humoral response. These findings could inform vaccine policies in ANC patients undergoing immunotherapy.

Journal of Neurology published new progress about 624-49-7. 624-49-7 belongs to esters-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Inhibitor,Natural product, name is Dimethyl fumarate, and the molecular formula is C6H8O4, Product Details of C6H8O4.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ester,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Tekeste, Teame published the artcileModeling Zinc Enzyme Inhibition with Functional Thiolate Ligands, Safety of Ethyl 2-mercaptopropanoate, the publication is Inorganic Chemistry (2006), 45(26), 10799-10806, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

The blocking of zinc enzymes by thiolate-containing inhibitors was modeled by treating Tp^Ph,MeZn-OH with functional thiols. The latter were chosen such that they contain an addnl. donor function (COOH, COOR, NH₂, NHR, OH) in a position favorable for chelation. Of them, mercapto carboxylic acid esters were incorporated as thiolates. The corresponding mercapto carboxylic acids, however, used only their carboxylate function for coordination. Various mercapto amines, mercapto alcs., and mercaptophenol were exclusively converted to thiolate ligands. The two modes of inhibitor attachment, terminal or chelating, were observed equally frequently. As a rule, they occur as alternatives for similar ligands. In case of 2-mercaptophenol they coexist in the crystalline state and in solution Hydrogen bonding, both intra- and intermol., seems to be a decisive factor determining the inhibitor attachments. Its persistence in solution is underlined by the observation that Tp^Ph,MeZn-hydroxythiophenolates are methylated about 2 orders of magnitude slower than Tp^Ph,MeZn-SPh itself.

Inorganic Chemistry published new progress about 19788-49-9. 19788-49-9 belongs to esters-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Thiol,Aliphatic hydrocarbon chain,Ester, name is Ethyl 2-mercaptopropanoate, and the molecular formula is C11H10O, Safety of Ethyl 2-mercaptopropanoate.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ester,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Prosperini, Luca published the artcileDeterminants of COVID-19-related lethality in multiple sclerosis: a meta-regression of observational studies, Safety of Dimethyl fumarate, the publication is Journal of Neurology (2022), 269(5), 2275-2285, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

To identify risk factors for an increased lethality of COVID-19 in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). The author searched scientific databases to identify cohort studies with the number of deaths in patients with MS. The author fitted inverse-variance weighted meta-regressions with random-effects models to identify potential moderators (determinants) of COVID-19-related lethality (outcome). After an independent screening, 18 articles satisfied the eligibility criteria; all data were collected before anti-SARS-COV-2 vaccination was available. Out of 5,634 patients, 111 died, yielding a pooled death rate of 1.97% (95% confidence intervals 1.61-2.33). There was a substantial heterogeneity between the included studies (Q₁₇ = 66.9, p < 0.001; I² = 77.5%), but no relevant publication bias (p = 0.085). Higher lethality was observed in studies including older patients (β = 0.80, p = 0.025) and in studies with higher proportions of patients with comorbidity (β = 0.17, p = 0.046), progressive disease course (β = 0.15, p = 0.027), and current treatment with anti-CD20 agents (β = 0.18, p < 0.001). Otherwise, higher proportions of patients treated with interferon beta (β = – 0.16, p < 0.001) and teriflunomide (β = – 0.11, p = 0.035) were associated with lower lethality. These estimates did not change even in both multivariable meta-regressions including adjustment variables and leave-one-out sensitivity analyses. Except for age and comorbidities, risk factors in common with the general population, the author identified MS-specific determinants influencing the lethality of COVID-19. Our findings suggest the implementation of a risk mitigation plan for patients with progressive MS and for those treated with anti-CD20 agents.

Journal of Neurology published new progress about 624-49-7. 624-49-7 belongs to esters-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Inhibitor,Natural product, name is Dimethyl fumarate, and the molecular formula is C6H8O4, Safety of Dimethyl fumarate.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ester,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Hillert, Jan published the artcileA comparative study of teriflunomide and dimethyl fumarate within the Swedish MS Registry, Related Products of esters-buliding-blocks, the publication is Multiple Sclerosis Journal (2022), 28(2), 237-246, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

Teriflunomide and di-Me fumarate (DMF) are first-line disease-modifying treatments for multiple sclerosis with similar labels that are used in comparable populations. The objective of this study was to compare the effectiveness and persistence of teriflunomide and DMF in a Swedish real-world setting. All relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) patients in the Swedish MS registry initiating teriflunomide or DMF were included in the anal. The primary endpoint was treatment persistence. Propensity score matching was used to adjust comparisons for baseline confounders. A total of 353 teriflunomide patients were successfully matched to 353 DMF. There was no difference in the rate of overall treatment discontinuation by treatment group across the entire observation period (hazard ratio (HR) = 1.12; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.91-1.39; p = 0.277; reference = teriflunomide). Annualised relapse rate (ARR) was comparable (p = 0.237) between DMF (0.07; 95% CI = 0.05-0.10) and teriflunomide (0.09; 95% CI = 0.07-0.12). There was no difference in time to first on-treatment relapse (HR = 0.78; 95% CI = 0.50-1.21), disability progression (HR = 0.55; 95% CI = 0.27-1.12) or confirmed improvement (HR = 1.17; 95% CI = 0.57-2.36). This population-based real-world study reports similarities in treatment persistence, clin. effectiveness and quality of life outcomes between teriflunomide and di-Me fumarate.

Multiple Sclerosis Journal published new progress about 624-49-7. 624-49-7 belongs to esters-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Inhibitor,Natural product, name is Dimethyl fumarate, and the molecular formula is C6H8O4, Related Products of esters-buliding-blocks.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ester,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Tsurushima, Katsumasa published the artcileDimethyl Fumarate Induces Apoptosis via Inhibition of NF-κB and Enhances the Effect of Paclitaxel and Adriamycin in Human TNBC Cells., Recommanded Product: Dimethyl fumarate, the publication is International journal of molecular sciences (2022), 23(15), database is MEDLINE.

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) has the poorest prognosis of all breast cancer subtypes. Recently, the activation of NF-κB, which is involved in the growth and survival of malignant tumors, has been demonstrated in TNBC, suggesting that NF-κB may serve as a new therapeutic target. In the present study, we examined whether dimethyl fumarate (DMF), an NF-κB inhibitor, induces apoptosis in TNBC cells and enhances the apoptosis-inducing effect of paclitaxel and adriamycin. Cell survival was analyzed by the trypan blue assay and apoptosis assay. Protein detection was examined by immunoblotting. The activation of NF-κB p65 was correlated with poor prognosis in patients with TNBC. DMF induced apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 and BT-549 cells at concentrations that were non-cytotoxic to the normal mammary cell line MCF-10A. Furthermore, DMF inhibited NF-κB nuclear translocation and Survivin, XIAP, Bcl-xL, and Bcl-2 expression in MDA-MB-231 and BT-549 cells. Moreover, DMF enhanced the apoptosis-inducing effect of paclitaxel and adriamycin in MDA-MB-231 cells. These findings suggest that DMF may be an effective therapeutic agent for the treatment of TNBC, in which NF-κB is constitutively active. DMF may also be useful as an adjuvant therapy to conventional anticancer drugs.

International journal of molecular sciences published new progress about 624-49-7. 624-49-7 belongs to esters-buliding-blocks, auxiliary class Inhibitor,Natural product, name is Dimethyl fumarate, and the molecular formula is C6H8O6, Recommanded Product: Dimethyl fumarate.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ester,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics