Tag: 300-400

Dissecting the taxonomic heterogeneity within Propionibacterium acnes: proposal for Propionibacterium acnes subsp. acnes subsp. nov. and Propionibacterium acnes subsp. elongatum subsp. nov. was written by Dekio, Itaru;Culak, Renata;Misra, Raju;Gaulton, Tom;Fang, Min;Sakamoto, Mitsuo;Ohkuma, Moriya;Oshima, Kenshiro;Hattori, Masahira;Klenk, Hans-Peter;Rajendram, Dunstan;Gharbia, Saheer E.;Shah, Haroun N.. And the article was included in International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology in 2015.COA of Formula: C20H40O2 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Propionibacterium acnes subsp. acnes subsp. nov. and Propionibacterium acnes subsp. elongatum subsp. nov. are described. These emanate from the three known phylotypes of P. acnes, designated types I, II, and III. Electron microscopy confirmed the filamentous cell shape of type III, showing a striking difference from types I/II, which were short rods. Biochem. tests indicated that, in types I/II, either the pyruvate, L-pyrrolidonyl arylamidase or D-ribose 2 test was pos., whereas all of these were neg. among type III strains. Matrix-assisted laser-desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) spectra, which profile mainly their ribosomal proteins, were different between these two groups. Surface-enhanced laser-desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (SELDI-TOF MS) spectra of all phylotypes revealed a specific protein biomarker that was overexpressed in type III strains compared with types I/II only when grown aerobically. Reference strains had high whole-genome similarity between types I (>91 %) and II (>75%), but a considerably lower level of 72% similarity with type III. recA and gyrB sequence dendrograms confirmed the distant relatedness of type III, indicating the presence of two distinct centers of variation within the species P. acnes. On the other hand, cellular fatty acid profiles and 16S rRNA gene sequence relatedness (>99.3%) circumscribed the species. Thus, we propose two subspecies, Propionibacterium acnes subsp. acnes subsp. nov. for types I/II and Propionibacterium acnes subsp. elongatum subsp. nov. for type III. The type strain of Propionibacterium acnes subsp. acnes is NCTC 737T (= ATCC 6919T = JCM 6425T = DSM 1897T = CCUG 1794T), while the type strain of Propionibacterium acnes subsp. elongatum is K124T (= NCTC 13655T = JCM 18919T). This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Methyl nonadecanoate (cas: 1731-94-8COA of Formula: C20H40O2).

Methyl nonadecanoate (cas: 1731-94-8) belongs to esters. Esters typically have a pleasant smell; those of low molecular weight are commonly used as fragrances and are found in essential oils and pheromones. Esterification is the general name for a chemical reaction in which two reactants (typically an alcohol and an acid) form an ester as the reaction product. Esters are common in organic chemistry and biological materials.COA of Formula: C20H40O2

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

A review on non aqueous nano emulsion was written by Adinath, Bade Gautam;Anil, Ingale Divya. And the article was included in World Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences in 2022.Recommanded Product: Glyceryl monostearate The following contents are mentioned in the article:

A review. Generally emulsions are water-in-oil or oil-inwater type, but emulsions may contain polar liquid as one of the phase. Non-aqueous nanoemulsions are useful in many situations where presence of water is not desirable, and formulation of active ingredients which undergo hydrolysis or oxidationin the presence of water. The non-aqueous nano emulsion subject to design a stable non-aqueous nanoemulsion (NANE) using cosmetically approved ingredients as a vehicle for the water-sensitive active ingredients. Non-aqueous nanoemulsion subject to increase the dermal penetration and permeation and study solubility and dermal bioavailability of drug. For better compliance, the nonaqueous nano emulsions will be incorporated in cosmetics or personal care products. A nonaqueous system was obtained with glycerin and olive oil stabilized by glycerol monosterate with co-surfactant. It was observed that emulsification behavior is completely unpredictable and conventional theories of emulsification and HLB system cannot be applied here. An optimized nonaqueous nano-emulsion is obtained through implementation of pseudoternary phase curve. Nonaqueous nano-emulsion region is determined and further characterized for pH, rheol., globule size anal., zeta potential and stability. Stability studies (agitation, centrifugation, freeze thaw cycle, accelerated stability) were carried out at 5, 25 and 40 degree C. Result proved that nonaqueous nano-emulsion can be used as vehicle for the poorly watersol. drug, suspension vehicles and oleogels. Non-aqueous nano-emulsion dosage forms have nano-sized droplets of disperse phase and are kinetically stable dosage form. Non-aqueous nanoemulsions are included under the category of new drug delivery system containing emulsified water in oil/oil in water system having mean globule size ranges from 10 nm to 1000 nm. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Glyceryl monostearate (cas: 31566-31-1Recommanded Product: Glyceryl monostearate).

Glyceryl monostearate (cas: 31566-31-1) belongs to esters. Esters are also usually derived from carboxylic acids. It may also be obtained by reaction of acid anhydride or acid halides with alcohols or by the reaction of salts of carboxylic acids with alkyl halides. Many esters have the potential for conformational isomerism, but they tend to adopt an s-cis (or Z) conformation rather than the s-trans (or E) alternative, due to a combination of hyperconjugation and dipole minimization effects. The preference for the Z conformation is influenced by the nature of the substituents and solvent, if present. Lactones with small rings are restricted to the s-trans (i.e. E) conformation due to their cyclic structure.Recommanded Product: Glyceryl monostearate

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Development and characterization of structured water-in-oil emulsions with ethyl cellulose oleogels was written by Garcia-Ortega, M. L.;Toro-Vazquez, J. F.;Ghosh, S.. And the article was included in Food Research International in 2021.Formula: C21H44O5 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

The food industry confronts an enormous challenge to develop stable margarine-type water-in-vegetable oil (W/O) emulsion-based table spreads with reduced concentration of saturated fat and without trans fats. In the present work, we developed a gelled W/O emulsion (Gelled-W/O-E) containing 20% of water using a mixture of a conventional W/O emulsion (W/O-E) stabilized with glycerol monostearate (GMS), and an Et cellulose (EC) oleogel. The mech., microstructure and stability of the resulting gelled emulsion (Gelled-W/O-E) was compared with control systems consisting of conventional W/O emulsions (W/O-E) and EC-GMS oleogels (EC-GMS-O; no water added) formulated using the same GMS (0.5% and 1.0%) and EC (7%) concentration as in the Gelled-W/O-E. The Gelled-W/O-E showed higher elasticity and emulsion stability in comparison with the control systems. This in spite the EC and GMS concentrations used were below the minimal concentration required to develop a gel, and the tentatively lower solid content in the Gelled-W/O-E than in the EC-GMS-O because the presence of water. We observed that by increasing the GMS concentration in the Gelled-W/O-E, the water droplet size decreased as gel elasticity and W/O emulsion stability significantly increased. We associated this behavior to a synergistic GMS-EC interaction that kept the GMS at the water-oil droplet interface. These results showed the role of water droplets as active fillers in determining the rheol. properties of the Gelled-W/O-E, and that the GMS efficiency as emulsifier increased in the presence of EC in the oil phase. After comparing the microstructural properties of com. margarine spreads with those of the Gelled-W/O-E, we concluded that the structured W/O emulsion is a novel way to achieve similar functionality to margarine spreads, without the use of saturated and trans-fats. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Glyceryl monostearate (cas: 31566-31-1Formula: C21H44O5).

Glyceryl monostearate (cas: 31566-31-1) belongs to esters. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits. Cyclic esters are called lactones, regardless of whether they are derived from an organic or inorganic acid. One example of an organic lactone is 纬-valerolactone.Formula: C21H44O5

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Effects of the timing of a culture temperature reduction on the comprehensive metabolite profiles of Chlorella vulgaris was written by Ahn, Hye Min;Kim, So-Hyun;Hyun, Sun-Hee;Lim, Sa Rang;Kim, Hye-Youn;Oh, Junsang;Lee, Kyung-Min;Hong, Seong-Joo;Cho, Byung-Kwan;Lee, Hookeun;Lee, Choul-Gyun;Choi, Hyung-Kyoon. And the article was included in Journal of Applied Phycology in 2016.Application In Synthesis of Methyl nonadecanoate The following contents are mentioned in the article:

This study investigated the effects of different temperature conditions on the comprehensive metabolite profiles of Chlorella vulgaris using gas chromatog.-mass spectrometry coupled with multivariate statistical anal. C. vulgaris cells cultivated at 20 掳C were transferred to 10 掳C incubators at different time points of cultivation [days 0 (TR0D), 7 (TR7D), and 14 (TR14D)], then they were cultivated at 10 掳C until harvesting at day 21 to compare the growth and comprehensive metabolite profiles with those cultivated under a constant cultivation temperature of 20 掳C (T20). There was no significant difference in algal cell growth between cultivation under the T20 and temperature reduction (TR) conditions. Algal fatty-acid profiles under TR were different from those of the T20 condition. Specifically, the contents of octadecanoic acid (C18:0), octadecenoic acid (C18:1), hexadecadienoic acid (C16:2), and octadecadienoic acid (C18:2) increased the most under TR0D. The relative levels of metabolites such as 尾-alanine, glutamine, glycine, isoleucine, proline, valine, and myo-inositol, which act as osmolytes, and bioactive compounds such as neophytadiene and ascorbic acid were increased under TR conditions on day 21. Among the metabolites, the contents of neophytadiene and ascorbic acid were further investigated, and the content of ascorbic acid was highest on day 14 under the TR7D condition, while the content of neophytadiene was highest on day 21 under the TR0D and TR14D condition. Therefore, we suggest that a TR from 20 to 10 掳C could enhance the production in C. vulgaris cultures of bioactive fatty acids such as C18:1, C16:2, and C18:2 (TR0D), organic osmolytes such as 尾-alanine, glutamine, glycine, isoleucine, proline, valine, and myo-inositol (TR conditions), ascorbic acid (TR7D), and neophytadiene (TR0D and TR14D). This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Methyl nonadecanoate (cas: 1731-94-8Application In Synthesis of Methyl nonadecanoate).

Methyl nonadecanoate (cas: 1731-94-8) belongs to esters. Esters are also usually derived from carboxylic acids. It may also be obtained by reaction of acid anhydride or acid halides with alcohols or by the reaction of salts of carboxylic acids with alkyl halides. Esters contain a carbonyl center, which gives rise to 120掳 C鈥揅鈥揙 and O鈥揅鈥揙 angles. Unlike amides, esters are structurally flexible functional groups because rotation about the C鈥揙鈥揅 bonds has a low barrier. Their flexibility and low polarity is manifested in their physical properties; they tend to be less rigid (lower melting point) and more volatile (lower boiling point) than the corresponding amides. Application In Synthesis of Methyl nonadecanoate

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Worm-like micelles and vesicles formed by alkyl-oligo(ethylene glycol)-glycoside carbohydrate surfactants: The effect of precisely tuned amphiphilicity on aggregate packing was written by Moore, Jackson E.;McCoy, Thomas M.;Sokolova, Anna V.;de Campo, Liliana;Pearson, Graeme R.;Wilkinson, Brendan L.;Tabor, Rico F.. And the article was included in Journal of Colloid and Interface Science in 2019.Electric Literature of C16H22O11 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Carbohydrates are appealing non-ionic surfactant head-groups as they are naturally abundant, generally biocompatible and biodegradable, and readily functionalized. Recent work has produced a promising mol. candidate for the formation of viscoelastic worm-like micellar solutions: a tri(ethylene glycol)-linked oleyl-尾-D-glucoside surfactant (GlcC18:1) exhibited near ideal Maxwell behavior at low concentrations (2.9 wt%) without additives at room temperature Here, fourteen surfactants have been synthesized with structural variations based around GlcC18:1. Each contain an oligo(ethylene glycol) linker of varying length (2, 3, 4, 6 EO units) between a carbohydrate head-group (glucose, galactose, mannose, maltose, lactose, cellobiose) and a cis-unsaturated alkyl tail-group (oleyl, linoleyl, erucyl). The aqueous adsorption kinetics and self-assembly of these surfactants was explored using tensiometry and small-angle neutron scattering (SANS), resp. With SANS we observed the formation of worm-like micelles for four surfactants, and vesicles for two surfactants which exhibited behavior similar to insoluble lipids. We also observed temperature-induced micellar elongation due to dehydration of the oligo(ethylene glycol) linker, resulting in a further three surfactants forming worm-like micelles at 50 掳C. Worm-like micellar fluids were further characterized using rheol. to reveal two surfactants with vastly superior viscoelastic properties compared to GlcC18:1, with > 2 orders of magnitude increase in viscosity and > 3 orders of magnitude increase in stress relaxation time. These results provide insight into structure-function relationships for non-ionic surfactants and demonstrate a class of designed amphiphiles with a special propensity for forming viscoelastic worm-like micellar solutions at low concentrations This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as (2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-6-(Acetoxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2,3,4,5-tetrayl tetraacetate (cas: 604-69-3Electric Literature of C16H22O11).

(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-6-(Acetoxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2,3,4,5-tetrayl tetraacetate (cas: 604-69-3) belongs to esters. Esters typically have a pleasant smell; those of low molecular weight are commonly used as fragrances and are found in essential oils and pheromones. Esters are more polar than ethers but less polar than alcohols. They participate in hydrogen bonds as hydrogen-bond acceptors, but cannot act as hydrogen-bond donors, unlike their parent alcohols. This ability to participate in hydrogen bonding confers some water-solubility.Electric Literature of C16H22O11

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Black raspberry extract shifted gut microbe diversity and their metabolic landscape in a human colonic model was written by Zhang, Shiqi;Xu, Mengyang;Sun, Xiaowei;Liu, Xuyu;Choueiry, Fouad;Xu, Rui;Shi, Haifei;Zhu, Jiangjiang. And the article was included in Journal of Chromatography B in 2022.COA of Formula: C21H44O5 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Human gut microbiota is critical for human health, as their dysbiosis could lead to various diseases such as irritable bowel syndrome and obesity. Black raspberry (BRB) has been increasingly studied recently for its impact on gut microbiota as a rich source of phytochems. (e.g., anthocyanin). To investigate the effect of BRB extract on the gut microbiota composition and their metabolism, an in-vitro human colonic model (HCM) was utilized to study the direct interaction between BRB and gut microbiome. Conditions (e.g., pH, temperature, anaerobic environment) in HCM were closely monitored and maintained to simulate the human intestinal system. Fresh fecal samples donated by three young healthy volunteers were used for gut microbiota inoculation in the HCM. 16S ribosomal DNA sequencing and liquid-chromatog. mass spectrometry (LC/MS) based metabolomics were performed to study the impact of BRB on gut microbiota characteristics and their metabolism (fatty acids, polar metabolites, and phenolic compounds). Our data suggested that BRB intervention modulated gut microbiota at the genus level in different HCM sections mimicing ascending, transverse, and descending colons. Relative abundance of Enterococcus was commonly decreased in all colon sections, while modulations of other bacteria genera were mostly location-dependent. Meanwhile, significant changes in the metabolic profile of gut microbiota related to fatty acids, endogenous polar metabolites, and phenolic compounds were detected, in which arginine and proline metabolism, lysine degradation, and aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis were mostly regulated. Moreover, we identified several significant associations between altered microbial populations and changes in microbial metabolites. In summary, our study revealed the impact of BRB intervention on gut microbiota composition and metabolism change, which may exert physiol. change to host metabolism and host health. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Glyceryl monostearate (cas: 31566-31-1COA of Formula: C21H44O5).

Glyceryl monostearate (cas: 31566-31-1) belongs to esters. Esters perform as high-grade solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers, and are one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market. Polyesters are important plastics, with monomers linked by ester moieties. Because of their lack of hydrogen-bond-donating ability, esters do not self-associate. Consequently, esters are more volatile than carboxylic acids of similar molecular weight.COA of Formula: C21H44O5

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Insight into the Chemical Complexity of Soluble Portions from Cornstalk Methanolysis was written by Yan, Hong-Lei;Zong, Zhi-Min;Li, Zhan-Ku;Kong, Jiao;Zheng, Quan-Xi;Zhao, Mei-Xia;Li, Yan;Wei, Xian-Yong. And the article was included in Energy & Fuels in 2016.Recommanded Product: Methyl nonadecanoate The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Cornstalk was subjected to methanolysis in the presence of NaOH at 220-320 掳C to afford soluble portions (SPs) 1-5 (SP₁-SP₅) and an inextractable portion (IEP). The maximum total yield (ca. 51%) of SPs was acquired at 300 掳C with the same mass of NaOH and cornstalk. Under the same conditions, SP₁ has the highest yield, followed by SP₅ and SP₂. The relatively volatile and less polar species in the resulting SPs and IEP were identified with a gas chromatograph/mass spectrometer (GC/MS). The polar species in SP₁, SP₂, and SP₅ were further analyzed with a neg.-ion electrospray ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometer (FTICRMS). The anal. with GC/MS shows that phenolic compounds and alcs. are the dominant group components in SP₁ and SP₂, resp., while the predominant compounds in esterified SP₃-SP₅ and IEP are esters. According to anal. with FTICRMS, thousands of compounds were detected in SP₁, SP₂, and SP₅. Most of the compounds are O_n (n = 1-10) class species with double bond equivalent (DBE) values of 1-14 and carbon atom numbers of 5-35. The most abundant class species in SP₁, SP₂, and SP₅ are O₃, O₃, and O₈, resp. SP₁ and SP₂are rich in O₂-O₄ class species with DBE values of 5-8, which may be attributed to lignin-derived compounds Different from SP₁ and SP₂, SP₅ has relatively high contents of O₅-O₁₀ class species, corresponding to various acidic species. In addition, N₁O_n (n = 0-8) class species with DBE values of 3-14 were also identified, which should contain a pyrrole ring as the parent structure. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Methyl nonadecanoate (cas: 1731-94-8Recommanded Product: Methyl nonadecanoate).

Methyl nonadecanoate (cas: 1731-94-8) belongs to esters. Carboxylic acid esters of low molecular weight are colourless, volatile liquids with pleasant odours, slightly soluble in water. Many esters have the potential for conformational isomerism, but they tend to adopt an s-cis (or Z) conformation rather than the s-trans (or E) alternative, due to a combination of hyperconjugation and dipole minimization effects. The preference for the Z conformation is influenced by the nature of the substituents and solvent, if present. Lactones with small rings are restricted to the s-trans (i.e. E) conformation due to their cyclic structure.Recommanded Product: Methyl nonadecanoate

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Lipid-rich endo-metabolites from a vertically transmitted fungal endophyte Penicillium sp. PM031 attenuate virulence factors of phytopathogenic Ralstonia solanacearum was written by Dey, Parnoshree;Barman, Monica;Mitra, Adinpunya;Maiti, Mrinal K.. And the article was included in Microbiological Research in 2022.SDS of cas: 31566-31-1 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

The bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum is a destructive plant disease globally. Since a completely non-biol. control measure could be a matter of environmental concern, investigations of developing eco-friendly strategies are required to control this phytopathogen. Attenuation of the bacterial virulence in addition to destroying the pathogen may be an alternative and overarching approach to control this disease. In this study, we have explored the potentiality of a vertically transmitted endophytic fungus Penicillium sp. PM031 isolated from stem of in vitro grown, wilt susceptible tomato cultivar to control this phytopathogen. The endophytic fungus was unable to inhibit the bacterial growth during direct confrontation in co-culture system; rather its growth and extracellular secretion were affected by the bacterium. Interestingly, the PM031-derived endo-metabolites, containing 鈭?0% of lipid mols., showed the dose-dependent growth inhibitory effect against R. solanacearum. Metabolite treatment with a concentration of 2500 and 5000渭g/mL significantly inhibited the bacterial growth 24.72% and 64.31%, resp. Higher concentrations of endo-metabolite treatment exhibited antibacterial activity by rupturing cellular membranes. Furthermore, the endo-metabolites neg. influence the virulence factors necessary in early phases of bacterial infection, such as motility and biofilm formation. Our study highlights even if an endophytic fungus associated with the susceptible host plant cannot tackle R. solanacearum directly, its lipid-rich metabolites have potential to attenuate the virulence of phytopathogen. We believe this study can be a stepping stone to develop suitable formulations to control the bacterial wilt in a sustainable way, which will reduce excessive uses of synthetic bactericides. GenBank accession number:MN726655,AF033462,MN726661,GQ120166,AB028190,MN793056,MF568065.1. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Glyceryl monostearate (cas: 31566-31-1SDS of cas: 31566-31-1).

Glyceryl monostearate (cas: 31566-31-1) belongs to esters. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits, including apples, durians, pears, bananas, pineapples, and strawberries. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides alcoholysis is another way to produce esters. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with alcohols to produce esters. Anydrous conditions are recommended since both acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with water.SDS of cas: 31566-31-1

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Rheological behaviour of thermotropic and lyotropic liquid crystalline phases of Guerbet branched chain glycolipids was written by Mislan, Azwa Amanina;Foong, J. L. Nigel;Saharin, Siti Munirah;Zahid, N. Idayu. And the article was included in Fluid Phase Equilibria in 2019.Computed Properties of C16H22O11 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Glycolipids, being low toxicity, biodegradable and showing surface activity, are a candidate for an alternative surfactant known as biosurfactant. In this study, two Guerbet branched chain glycolipids namely 2-hexyl-decyl-尾-D-glucoside (尾-Glc-C₁₀C₆) and 2-hexyl-decyl-尾-D-maltoside (尾-Mal-C₁₀C₆) were prepared and their mesomorphic behaviors in dry and hydrated conditions were characterized and compared using rheol. These glycolipids possessed the same number of carbons in their alkyl chain but differed in headgroup size. 尾-Glc-C₁₀C₆ exhibited inverse hexagonal phase (H₂) in thermotropic but formed inverse bicontinuous cubic phase (V₂) of space group Ia3d and Pn3m upon contact with water at different concentration ranges. The self-assembly of 尾-Mal-C₁₀C₆ was dominated by the lamellar phase (L_伪) in both conditions. A shear viscosity test indicated that all mesophases formed by these Guerbet glycolipids exhibited shear thinning behavior. Oscillation measurements were obtained within the linear viscoelastic regime. In general, the viscoelastic studies on the thermotropic H₂ (尾-Glc-C₁₀C₆) and L_伪 (尾-Mal-C₁₀C₆) phases showed that the storage modulus (G鈥? and loss modulus (G鈥测€? increased with the frequency, indicating the typical viscoelastic response for non-Newtonian fluid at the selected temperatures The lyotropic inverse bicontinuous cubic of 尾-Glc-C₁₀C₆ containing different water concentrations showed the dominance of G鈥?over G” at the range of frequencies and temperatures tested. A similar finding was observed for the lyotropic L_伪 phase of 尾-Mal-C₁₀C₆ but with a lower magnitude of structural strength. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as (2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-6-(Acetoxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2,3,4,5-tetrayl tetraacetate (cas: 604-69-3Computed Properties of C16H22O11).

(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-6-(Acetoxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2,3,4,5-tetrayl tetraacetate (cas: 604-69-3) belongs to esters. Esters perform as high-grade solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers, and are one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market. Cyclic esters are called lactones, regardless of whether they are derived from an organic or inorganic acid. One example of an organic lactone is 纬-valerolactone.Computed Properties of C16H22O11

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Effect of Sodium Selenite on the Metabolite Profile of Epichloe sp. Mycelia from Festuca sinensis in Solid Culture was written by Zhou, Lianyu;Jiao, Lu;Ju, Jiasheng;Ma, Xuelan. And the article was included in Biological Trace Element Research in 2022.Electric Literature of C21H44O5 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Selenium (Se) is an essential micronutrient with many beneficial effects for humans and other living organisms. Numerous microorganisms in culture systems enrich and convert inorganic selenium to organic selenium. In this study, Epichloe sp. from Festuca sinensis was exposed to increasing Na2SeO3 concentrations (0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, and 0.4 mmol/L) in Petri dishes with potato dextrose agar (PDA) for 8 wk. Epichloe sp. mycelia were immediately collected after mycelial diameters were measured at 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 wk of cultivation, resp. Gas chromatog.-mass spectrometer (GC-MS) anal. was performed on different groups of Epichloe sp. mycelia. Different changes were observed as Epichloe sp. was exposed to different selenite conditions and cultivation time. The colony diameter of Epichloe sp. decreased in response to increased selenite concentrations, whereas the inhibitory effects diminished over time. Seventy-two of the 203 identified metabolites did not differ significantly across selenite treatments within the same time point, while 82 compounds did not differ significantly between multiple time points of the same Se concentration However, the relative levels of 122 metabolites increased the most under selenite conditions. Specifically, between the 4th and 8th weeks, there were increases in 2-keto-isovaleric acid, uridine, and maltose in selenite treatments compared to controls. Selenium increased glutathione levels and exhibited antioxidant properties in weeks 4, 5, and 7. Addnl., we observed that different doses of selenite could promote the production of carbohydrates such as isomaltose, cellobiose, and sucrose; fatty acids such as palmitoleic acid, palmitic acid, and stearic acid; and amino acids such as lysine and tyrosine in Epichloe sp. mycelia. Therefore, Epichloe sp. exposed to selenite stress may benefit from increased levels of some metabolite compounds This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Glyceryl monostearate (cas: 31566-31-1Electric Literature of C21H44O5).

Glyceryl monostearate (cas: 31566-31-1) belongs to esters. Esters perform as high-grade solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers, and are one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market. Liquid esters of low volatility serve as softening agents for resins and plastics. Esters also include many industrially important polymers. Polymethyl methacrylate is a glass substitute sold under the names Lucite and Plexiglas; polyethylene terephthalate is used as a film (Mylar) and as textile fibres sold as Terylene, Fortrel, and Dacron.Electric Literature of C21H44O5

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics