Tag: 300-400

Porphyrin-Based Probe for Simultaneous Detection of Interface Acidity and Polarity during Lipid-Phase Transition of Vesicles was written by Majumder, Rini;Roy, Snigdha;Okamoto, Kentaro;Nagao, Satoshi;Matsuo, Takashi;Parui, Partha Pratim. And the article was included in Langmuir in 2020.COA of Formula: C16H22O11 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Biochem. activities at a membrane interface are affected by local pH/polarity related to membrane lipid properties including lipid dynamics. pH and polarity at the interface are two highly interdependent parameters depending on various locations from the water-exposed outer-surface to the less-polar inner-surface. The optical response of common pH or polarity probes are affected by both the local pH and polarity; therefore, estimation of these values using two sep. probes localized at different interface depths can be erroneous. To estimate interface pH and polarity at an identical interface depth, we synthesized a glucose-pendant porphyrin (GPP) mol. for simultaneous pH and polarity detection by a single optical probe. pH-induced protonation equilibrium and polarity-dependent pi-pi stacking aggregation for GPP are exploited to measure pH and polarity changes at the 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1′-rac-glycerol) (DMPG) membrane inter-face during DMPG phase transition. An NMR study confirmed that GPP is located at the interface Stern layer of DMPG large unilamellar vesicle (LUV). Using UV-vis absorption studies with an adapted anal. protocol, we estimated interface pH, or its deviation from the bulk phase value (螖pH), and the interface polarity simultaneously using the same spectra for sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) micelle and DMPG LUV. During temperature dependent gel to liquid-crystalline phase transition of DMPG, there was 鈭?.5 unit increase in 螖pH from approx. 鈭?.6 to 鈭?.1, with a small increase in interface dielec. constant from 鈭?0 to 63. A series of spectroscopic data indicate the utility of GPP for evaluation of local pH/polarity change during lipid phase transition of vesicles. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as (2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-6-(Acetoxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2,3,4,5-tetrayl tetraacetate (cas: 604-69-3COA of Formula: C16H22O11).

(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-6-(Acetoxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2,3,4,5-tetrayl tetraacetate (cas: 604-69-3) belongs to esters. Esters typically have a pleasant smell; those of low molecular weight are commonly used as fragrances and are found in essential oils and pheromones. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides alcoholysis is another way to produce esters. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with alcohols to produce esters. Anydrous conditions are recommended since both acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with water.COA of Formula: C16H22O11

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Inhalation of dimethyl fumarate-encapsulated solid lipid nanoparticles attenuate clinical signs of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and pulmonary inflammatory dysfunction in mice was written by Pinto, Barbara Fernandes;Ribeiro, Lorena Natasha Brito;da Silva, Gisela Bevilacqua Rolfsen Ferreira;Freitas, Camila Simoes;Kraemer, Lucas;Oliveira, Fabricio Marcus Silva;Climaco, Marianna Carvalho;Mourao, Flavio Afonso Goncalves;dos Santos, Gabryella Soares Pinheiro;Bela, Samantha Ribeiro;da Silva Gurgel, Isabella Luisa;de Lima Leite, Fabio;Gomes de Oliveira, Anselmo;da Pascoa Vilela, Maura Regina Silva;Oliveira-Lima, Onesia Cristina;Soriani, Frederico Marianetti;Fujiwara, Ricardo Toshio;Birbrair, Alexander;Russo, Remo Castro;Carvalho-Tavares, Juliana. And the article was included in Clinical Science in 2022.COA of Formula: C21H44O5 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

The FDA-approved Di-Me Fumarate (DMF) as an oral drug for Multiple Sclerosis (MS) treatment based on its immunomodulatory activities. However, it also caused severe adverse effects mainly related to the gastrointestinal system. Investigated the potential effects of solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) containing DMF, administered by inhalation on the clin. signs, central nervous system (CNS) inflammatory response, and lung function changes in mice with exptl. autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). EAE was induced using MOG35-55 peptide in female C57BL/6J mice and the mice were treated via inhalation with DMF-encapsulated SLN (CTRL/SLN/DMF and EAE/SLN/DMF), empty SLN (CTRL/SLN and EAE/SLN), or saline solution (CTRL/saline and EAE/saline), every 72 h during 21 days. After 21 days post-induction, EAE mice treated with DMF-loaded SLN, when compared with EAE/saline and EAE/SLN, showed decreased clin. score and weight loss, reduction in brain and spinal cord injury and inflammation, also related to the increased influx of Foxp3+ cells into the spinal cord and lung tissues. Moreover, our data revealed that EAE mice showed signs of respiratory disease, marked by increased vascular permeability, leukocyte influx, production of TNF-a and IL-17, perivascular and peribronchial inflammation, with pulmonary mech. dysfunction associated with loss of respiratory volumes and elasticity, which DMF-encapsulated reverted in SLN nebulization. Our study suggests that inhalation of DMF-encapsulated SLN is an effective therapeutic protocol that reduces not only the CNS inflammatory process and disability progression, characteristic of EAE disease, but also protects mice from lung inflammation and pulmonary dysfunction. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Glyceryl monostearate (cas: 31566-31-1COA of Formula: C21H44O5).

Glyceryl monostearate (cas: 31566-31-1) belongs to esters. Esters are also usually derived from carboxylic acids. It may also be obtained by reaction of acid anhydride or acid halides with alcohols or by the reaction of salts of carboxylic acids with alkyl halides. Liquid esters of low volatility serve as softening agents for resins and plastics. Esters also include many industrially important polymers. Polymethyl methacrylate is a glass substitute sold under the names Lucite and Plexiglas; polyethylene terephthalate is used as a film (Mylar) and as textile fibres sold as Terylene, Fortrel, and Dacron.COA of Formula: C21H44O5

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Selective glycerol esterification to monolaurate over ZrO₂/MCM-41 catalysts prepared using impregnation and precipitation methods was written by Abdullah, Ahmad Zuhairi;Ghazali, Natasha;Hoo, Peng Yong;Basir, Nor Irwin. And the article was included in Chemical Engineering Communications in 2022.Name: Glyceryl monostearate The following contents are mentioned in the article:

In order to develop an active and selective catalyst for the selective esterification of glycerol with fatty acid to monoglycerides, zirconia was incorporated into mesoporous MCM-41 support using two methods, i.e., impregnation and precipitation The zirconia loading was varied between 10 and 30 weight % to demonstrate its effect on the properties and activity of the modified catalysts. The catalysts were then characterized by N₂-adsorption surface anal., SEM/EDX, FTIR, and TGA. The catalytic activity was then demonstrated in the selective esterification of glycerol with either lauric or palmitic acid at 160掳C for 6 h with glycerol/fatty acid molar ratios of 1:1, 4:1, and 6:1 and catalyst loadings up to 5 weight %. Fatty acid conversion as well as monoglyceride selectivity and yield were monitored to measure the extent of reaction leading to the formation of the desired products. Correlations between the activity and the characteristics of the catalysts under various reaction conditions were successfully established. Relatively slower zirconia incorporation in the impregnation method caused more internal incorporation of the acidic component. MCM-41 catalyst with 30 weight % zirconia loading that was prepared by impregnation method with a surface area of 589 m²/g and an acid site concentration of 6.83渭mol/g showed a lauric acid conversion of 98.6% and a monolaurin selectivity of 57.2%. An increase in the molar ratio exceeding 4:1 did not bring about the desired effect due to the dilution effect of the limiting reactant. Lower activity was demonstrated by stearic acid due to its higher mol. size and viscosity to mainly affect the mass transfer during the reaction. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Glyceryl monostearate (cas: 31566-31-1Name: Glyceryl monostearate).

Glyceryl monostearate (cas: 31566-31-1) belongs to esters. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits. Esters contain a carbonyl center, which gives rise to 120掳 C鈥揅鈥揙 and O鈥揅鈥揙 angles. Unlike amides, esters are structurally flexible functional groups because rotation about the C鈥揙鈥揅 bonds has a low barrier. Their flexibility and low polarity is manifested in their physical properties; they tend to be less rigid (lower melting point) and more volatile (lower boiling point) than the corresponding amides. Name: Glyceryl monostearate

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Sustainable biodiesel production from microalgae Graesiella emersonii through valorization of garden wastes-based vermicompost was written by Santhana Kumar, V.;Das Sarkar, Soma;Das, Basanta Kumar;Sarkar, Dhruba Jyoti;Gogoi, Pranab;Maurye, Praveen;Mitra, Tandrima;Talukder, Anjon Kumar;Ganguly, Satabdi;Nag, Subir Kumar;Munilkumar, Sukham;Samanta, Srikanta. And the article was included in Science of the Total Environment in 2022.Computed Properties of C20H40O2 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Biodiesel production from microalgae has gained significant interest recently due to the growing energy demand and non-renewable nature of petroleum. However, high cost of production and environmental health related issues like excess use of inorganic fertilizers, eutrophication are the major constraints in com.-scale biodiesel production Besides this, solid wastes (garden-based) management is also a global concern. In the present study, to overcome these limitations vermicompost extract was tested as nutrient source to enhance growth performance and lipid production from a freshwater microalga (Graesiella emersonii MN877773). Garden wastes were first converted into vermicompost manure and its extract (aerobic and anaerobically digested) was prepared The efficacy of the extract was then tested in combination with BG11 medium. The mixotrophic cultivation of microalgae in anaerobically digested vermicompost extract at 50:50 combination with BG11 medium enhanced the cell biomass (0.64 g d. weight L-1) and lipid productivity (3.18 mg L-1 day-1) of microalgae by two times. Moreover, the combination also improved the saturated (Me palmitate) and monounsaturated fatty acids (oleic acid) content in the test algae. The quality of biodiesel also complies with all the properties of biodiesel standard provided by India, the USA, and Europe except the cold filter plugging property. The combination was also found to improve the cell biomass (0.041 g L-1) as compared to BG11 medium in mass-scale cultivation. Hence, the study proved that G. emersonii grown in media supplemented with garden waste-based vermicompost extract had significant potential for mass-scale biodiesel and bioproduct production This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Methyl nonadecanoate (cas: 1731-94-8Computed Properties of C20H40O2).

Methyl nonadecanoate (cas: 1731-94-8) belongs to esters. Esters are also usually derived from carboxylic acids. It may also be obtained by reaction of acid anhydride or acid halides with alcohols or by the reaction of salts of carboxylic acids with alkyl halides. Esters are more polar than ethers but less polar than alcohols. They participate in hydrogen bonds as hydrogen-bond acceptors, but cannot act as hydrogen-bond donors, unlike their parent alcohols. This ability to participate in hydrogen bonding confers some water-solubility.Computed Properties of C20H40O2

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Phytochemical characterisation of Phlomis linearis Boiss. & Bal and screening for anticholinesterase, antiamylase, antimicrobial, and cytotoxic properties was written by Goger, Gamze;Tukyolu, Ummuhan;Gusen, Ezgi Nur;Yur, Suleyman;Karaduman, Abdullah Burak;Goger, Fatih;Tekin, Mehmet;Ozek, Gulmira. And the article was included in Turkish Journal of Chemistry in 2021.Computed Properties of C20H40O2 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

In the present work, essential oil and fatty acids and extracts obtained from aerial parts of Phlomis linearis Boiss. & Bal. were investigated for chem. composition and biol. activities. The phytochem. analyses were conducted with gas chromatographymass spectrometry/flame ionisation detector (GC-MS/FID) and liquid chromatog.-mass spectromtetry (LC-MS/MS) techniques. The extracts and essential oil were studied for 伪-amylase and acetylcholinesterase activities with two different spectrophotometric methods. Antimicrobial activities of the extracts were investigated by microdilution. The extracts were evaluated in vitro for cytotoxic effects against cancer and normal cell lines by MTT assay. The essential oil (EO) contained 伪-pinene (12.5%) and 尾-caryophyllene (10.7%) as main compounds Palmitic (26.5%) and nonadecanoic acids (26.6%) were determined as fatty acids. Phytochem. anal. of the extracts found phenolic acids, phlinosides, verbascoside, and flavonoids. The extracts and essential oil demonstrated poor 伪-amylase inhibitory activity. The best acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity was obtained for diethly ether extract of P. linearis (67.2 卤 3.4%) at 10 mg /mL concentration Et acetate extract found to be effective against Staphlococcus aureus at a min. inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 156.26 渭g/mL. Di-Et ether extract of P. linearis was active on A549 cell lines with an IC₅₀ = 316 卤 4.16 渭g/mL when compared with cisplatin IC₅₀ = 24.43卤 0.14 渭g/mL. To the best of our knowledge, the present work is the first comprehensive report on anti-acetylcholinesterase, anti-伪-amylase, and antimicrobial activities, as well as cytotoxic effects of P. linearis. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Methyl nonadecanoate (cas: 1731-94-8Computed Properties of C20H40O2).

Methyl nonadecanoate (cas: 1731-94-8) belongs to esters. Esters typically have a pleasant smell; those of low molecular weight are commonly used as fragrances and are found in essential oils and pheromones. Because of their lack of hydrogen-bond-donating ability, esters do not self-associate. Consequently, esters are more volatile than carboxylic acids of similar molecular weight.Computed Properties of C20H40O2

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Sugar based cationic magnetic core-shell silica nanoparticles for nucleic acid extraction was written by Ali, Tammar Hussein;Mandal, Amar Mousa;Heidelberg, Thorsten;Hussen, Rusnah Syahila Duali. And the article was included in RSC Advances in 2022.COA of Formula: C16H22O11 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Nucleic acid (NA) extraction is an essential step in mol. testing for a wide range of applications. Conventional extraction protocols usually suffer from time consuming removal of non-nucleic acid impurities. In this study, a new magnetic nanoparticle (MNP) is presented to simplify the NA extraction A core-shell design, comprising of a ferromagnetic core coated with mesoporous silica, forms the basis of the functional nanoparticle. Chem. functionalization of the silica coating includes a multistep synthesis, in which an activated nanoparticle is coupled with a triethylene glycol spaced glycosyl imidazole. The mol. design aims for charge interactions between the imidazolium-based pos. nanoparticle surface and nucleic acids, with specific hydrogen bonding between the surface bonded carbohydrate and nucleic acid targets to ensure nucleic acid selectivity and avoid protein contamination. Two different carbohydrates, differing in mol. size, were selected to compare the efficiency in terms of NA extraction A triethylene glycol spacer provides sufficient flexibility to remove particle surface constraints for the interaction. The Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) anal. shows a significantly larger surface area for the disaccharide-based particles NpFeSiImMalt (鈭?81 m2 g-1) compared to the monosaccharide analog NpFeSiImGlc (鈭?16 m2 g-1) at small particles sizes (range 鈭?15 nm) and sufficient magnetization (29 emu g-1) for easy isolation by an external magnetic field. The particles enabled a high DNA particle loading ratio of 30-45 wt% (MNP/DNA ratio), reflecting an efficient extraction process. A high desorption rate (7 min) with more than 86% of unchanged DNA loading was recorded, indicating low damage to the target extract This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as (2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-6-(Acetoxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2,3,4,5-tetrayl tetraacetate (cas: 604-69-3COA of Formula: C16H22O11).

(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-6-(Acetoxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2,3,4,5-tetrayl tetraacetate (cas: 604-69-3) belongs to esters. Esters perform as high-grade solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers, and are one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market. Because of their lack of hydrogen-bond-donating ability, esters do not self-associate. Consequently, esters are more volatile than carboxylic acids of similar molecular weight.COA of Formula: C16H22O11

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Norcantharidin nanostructured lipid carrier (NCTD-NLC) suppresses the viability of human hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells and accelerates the apoptosis was written by Yan, Zijun;Yang, Kun;Tang, Xiang;Bi, Yunfeng;Ding, Yuzhen;Deng, Mengyue;Xia, Die;Zhao, Yunqi;Chen, Tong. And the article was included in Journal of Immunology Research in 2022.Application In Synthesis of Glyceryl monostearate The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Malignant tumors have become the main cause of harm to human life and health. Development for new antitumor drugs and the exploration to drug carriers are becoming the concerned focus. In this study, we exploited our experiments to explore the effect of NCTD-NLC on liver cancer cells: the HepG2 cells cultured in vitro were given with NCTD-NLC administration; then, the estimation on cellular proliferation and apoptosis was accomplished through MTT and flow cytometry. Six hours after the administration, we performed the High Performance Liquid Chromatog. (HPLC) detection to estimate the NCTD content in the heart, liver, spleen, lung, kidney and plasma of rats. Then, our outcomes showed that NCTD-NLC had a notable inhibitory effect on HepG2 cells, leading to a gradually decreased cellular viability. Cell viability was neg. correlated with NCTD-NLC concentration Along with the concentration increasing, significantly increasing cellular apoptosis and gradually decreasing cellular viability were observed The apoptosis rate was pos. correlated with the concentration of NCTD-NLC. On the basis of the data we obtained, we found that the group with NCTD-NLC tail vein injection had an obvious advantage in drug delivery when compared with other groups. Through the tumorigenesis test to nude mice, we found that the tumor inhibition rate of the NCTD-NLC tail vein injection group had a 27.48% elevation in contrast to the NCTD gavage group, and it was also the group with the best tumor inhibition efficiency. In conclusion, the NCTD-NLC prepared in this study had a mighty inhibitory effect towards HepG2 cellular viability and an accelerating work on apoptosis. Tail vein injection of NCTD-NLC has the best drug delivery effect. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Glyceryl monostearate (cas: 31566-31-1Application In Synthesis of Glyceryl monostearate).

Glyceryl monostearate (cas: 31566-31-1) belongs to esters. Esters perform as high-grade solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers, and are one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market. Esters are more polar than ethers but less polar than alcohols. They participate in hydrogen bonds as hydrogen-bond acceptors, but cannot act as hydrogen-bond donors, unlike their parent alcohols. This ability to participate in hydrogen bonding confers some water-solubility.Application In Synthesis of Glyceryl monostearate

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Absence of a home-field advantage within a short-rotation arable cropping system was written by Struijk, Marijke;Whitmore, Andrew P.;Mortimer, Simon;Shu, Xin;Sizmur, Tom. And the article was included in Plant and Soil.Product Details of 1731-94-8 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Aims: The home-field advantage (HFA) hypothesis predicts faster decomposition of plant residues in home soil compared to soils with different plants (away), and has been demonstrated in forest and grassland ecosystems. It remains unclear if this legacy effect applies to crop residue decomposition in arable crop rotations. Such knowledge could improve our understanding of decomposition dynamics in arable soils and may allow optimization of crop residue amendments in arable systems by cleverly combining crop-residue rotations with crop rotations to increase the amount of residue-derived C persisting in soil. We tested the HFA hypothesis in a reciprocal transplant experiment with mesh bags containing wheat and oilseed rape residues in soils at three stages of a short-rotation cropping system. Subsets of mesh bags were retrieved monthly for six months to determine residue decomposition rates, concomitantly measuring soil available N, microbial community structure (phospholipid fatty acid anal.), and microbial activity (Tea Bag Index protocol) to assess how plants may influence litter decomposition rates via alterations to soil biochem. properties and microbial communities. The residues decomposed at similar rates at all rotational stages. Thorough data investigation using several statistical approaches revealed no HFA within the crop rotation. Soil microbial community structures were similar at all rotational stages. We attribute the absence of an HFA to the shortness of the rotation and soil disturbance involved in intensive agricultural practices. It is therefore unlikely that appreciable benefits could be obtained in short conventionally managed arable rotations by introducing a crop-residue rotation. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Methyl nonadecanoate (cas: 1731-94-8Product Details of 1731-94-8).

Methyl nonadecanoate (cas: 1731-94-8) belongs to esters. Volatile esters with characteristic odours are used in synthetic flavours, perfumes, and cosmetics. Certain volatile esters are used as solvents for lacquers, paints, and varnishes. Cyclic esters are called lactones, regardless of whether they are derived from an organic or inorganic acid. One example of an organic lactone is 纬-valerolactone.Product Details of 1731-94-8

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Solid-liquid equilibrium of free form of oil contaminants (3-MCPD and glycidol) in lipidic systems was written by Andrade, Sabrina S.;Sampaio, Klicia A.;Costa, Mariana C.;Corbi, Pedro P.;Meirelles, Antonio J. A.;Maximo, Guilherme J.. And the article was included in Food Research International in 2022.Application In Synthesis of Glyceryl monostearate The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Esters of 3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol (3-MCPD) and glycidol are reported vegetable fats and oils contaminants formed during processing. During digestion, esterified forms are hydrolyzed making the free forms, with high toxicity to human health, possibly available in the digestive system, which could depend, among other factors, on the phase condition stablished in the gastrointestinal tract between contaminants and lipids. Therefore, this work was aimed at evaluating the solid-liquid equilibrium (SLE) of binary and pseudobinary mixtures of fatty acids (palmitic, oleic and stearic), triacylglycerols (tripalmitin, triolein and tristearin) and a partial acylglycerols, with 3-MCPD and glycidol, by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermodn. modeling with Margules 2 and 3 suffixes, UNIFAC and ideal models. Melting properties of the contaminants were determined by DSC thermograms, with microstructure micrographs and compared to some predictive group contribution models (GC). 14 complete SLE phase diagrams could be determined Results showed that the lipid compounds had high affinity with the free contaminants with probably the formation of liquid crystalline structures and/or solid solutions The Margules 3 suffixes model showed the best fit with the lowest average relative deviations, no higher than 1%, although the parameters probably incorporated the non-ideality promoted by the crystalline phase behavior. The formation of mesophases and/or solid solutions with very high melting temperature probably means a difficulty of separating the contaminants from the lipid matrix in which, on the other hand, could avoid separation process or affect (probably decreasing) their absorption during digestion. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Glyceryl monostearate (cas: 31566-31-1Application In Synthesis of Glyceryl monostearate).

Glyceryl monostearate (cas: 31566-31-1) belongs to esters. Volatile esters with characteristic odours are used in synthetic flavours, perfumes, and cosmetics. Certain volatile esters are used as solvents for lacquers, paints, and varnishes. Liquid esters of low volatility serve as softening agents for resins and plastics. Esters also include many industrially important polymers. Polymethyl methacrylate is a glass substitute sold under the names Lucite and Plexiglas; polyethylene terephthalate is used as a film (Mylar) and as textile fibres sold as Terylene, Fortrel, and Dacron.Application In Synthesis of Glyceryl monostearate

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Development of andrographolide-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles for lymphatic targeting: Formulation, optimization, characterization, in vitro, and in vivo evaluation was written by Shrivastava, Saurabh;Kaur, Chanchal Deep. And the article was included in Drug Delivery and Translational Research.Formula: C21H44O5 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Andrographolide, the primary bioactive constituent of Andrographis paniculata, is a promising natural substance with numerous pharmacotherapy uses. Low water solubility, short half-life, and low permeability necessitate the development of a delivery system that enhances its entrapment efficiency, bioavailability, lymphatic targeting, and bypass hepatic effect. The andrographolide-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles were fabricated by melt-emulsification and ultrasonication and optimized with Design-Expert software. In the optimal formulation, Glycerol monostearate as the solid lipid and Poloxamer 407 and Span 60 as surfactants were used. Optimum AND-SLN was observed to have a mean particle size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, and entrapment efficiency of 193.84 nm, 0.211, – 22.8 mV, and 83.70% resp. An optimized formulation was characterized by examining surface morphol., X-ray diffraction, and differential scanning calorimetry. In vitro studies have shown sustained drug release from AND-SLN for up to 24 h. The stability studies showed that there was no significant change in the mean particle size and entrapment efficiency after storage at 4 卤 2 掳 C and 25 卤 2 掳 C/60 卤 5% RH. In in vivo pharmacokinetics studies, AND-SLN was found to have enhanced bioavailability and specificity in the spleen and thymus compared to plasma, providing evidence that the formulations could enhance target specificity and bioavailability in comparison to pure drugs. The H&E staining of the liver, spleen, and thymus treated with the AND-SLN revealed no signs of damage histopathol. Thus, AND-SLN possess a high potential for improved efficacy and are an efficient vehicle for delivering drugs to the lymphatic system. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Glyceryl monostearate (cas: 31566-31-1Formula: C21H44O5).

Glyceryl monostearate (cas: 31566-31-1) belongs to esters. Esters perform as high-grade solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers, and are one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market. Esters contain a carbonyl center, which gives rise to 120掳 C鈥揅鈥揙 and O鈥揅鈥揙 angles. Unlike amides, esters are structurally flexible functional groups because rotation about the C鈥揙鈥揅 bonds has a low barrier. Their flexibility and low polarity is manifested in their physical properties; they tend to be less rigid (lower melting point) and more volatile (lower boiling point) than the corresponding amides. Formula: C21H44O5

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics