Tag: 300-400

Plasma metabolomics identifies the dysregulated metabolic profile of primary immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) based on GC-MS was written by Zhang, Ziyan;Wu, Xiaojin;Zhou, Meng;Qi, Jiaqian;Zhang, Rui;Li, Xueqian;Wang, Chang;Ruan, Changgeng;Han, Yue. And the article was included in Frontiers in Pharmacology in 2022.Category: esters-buliding-blocks The following contents are mentioned in the article:

ITP is a common autoimmune bleeding disorder with elusive pathogenesis. Author study was implemented to profile the plasma metabolic alterations of patients diagnosed with ITP, aiming at exploring the potential novel biomarkers and partial mechanism of ITP. The metabolomic anal. of plasma samples was conducted using GC-MS on 98 ITP patients and 30 healthy controls (HCs). Age and gender matched samples were selected to enter the training set or test set resp. OPLS-DA, t-test with FDR correction and ROC analyses were employed to screen out and evaluate the differential metabolites. Possible pathways were enriched based on metabolomics pathway anal. (MetPA). A total of 85 metabolites were investigated in author’s study and 17 differential metabolites with diagnostic potential were identified between ITP patients and HCs. MetPA showed that the metabolic disorders of ITP patients were mainly related to phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis, phenylalanine metabolism and glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism Addnl., author discriminated 6 differential metabolites and 5 enriched pathways in predicting the resistance to glucocorticoids in chronic ITP patients. The distinct metabolites discovered in author’s study could become novel biomarkers for the auxiliary diagnosis and prognosis prediction of ITP. Besides, the dysregulated pathways might contribute to the development of ITP. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Glyceryl monostearate (cas: 31566-31-1Category: esters-buliding-blocks).

Glyceryl monostearate (cas: 31566-31-1) belongs to esters. Esters are also usually derived from carboxylic acids. It may also be obtained by reaction of acid anhydride or acid halides with alcohols or by the reaction of salts of carboxylic acids with alkyl halides. Esterification is the general name for a chemical reaction in which two reactants (typically an alcohol and an acid) form an ester as the reaction product. Esters are common in organic chemistry and biological materials.Category: esters-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Metabolite Profiling of the Response of Burdock Roots to Copper Stress was written by Jung, Youngae;Ha, Miyoung;Lee, Jueun;Ahn, Yun Gyong;Kwak, Jong Hwan;Ryu, Do Hyun;Hwang, Geum-Sook. And the article was included in Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry in 2015.Reference of 1731-94-8 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Arctium lappa L. (Asteraceae), also known as burdock, has a long history of cultivation as a dietary vegetable worldwide. Stress in plants disrupts metabolic homeostasis and requires adjustment of metabolic pathways. Exposure to heavy metals is one of the most prevalent environmental stresses encountered by plants. In this study, metabolite profiling based on ¹H NMR and GC-MS was used to obtain a holistic view of the response of burdock roots to copper stress. The principal component anal. model generated from the NMR data showed significant separation between groups. Copper-treated burdock roots were characterized by increased levels of phenols and decreased levels of primary metabolites. These results suggest that copper stress leads to activation of the phenylpropanoid pathway and growth inhibition. GC-MS analyses revealed increased levels of unsaturated fatty acids and decreased levels of sterols in the copper-treated group. Changes in metabolite concentrations were analyzed by UPLC/QTRAP-MS, and the significances were confirmed by two-way anal. of variance and Bonferroni’s test. Interestingly, linoleic acid was increased about 2.7-fold, from 316 to 855 ppm, in the group treated with copper for 6 days. This study demonstrates that metabolomic profiling is an effective anal. approach to understanding the metabolic pathway(s) associated with copper stress in burdock roots. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Methyl nonadecanoate (cas: 1731-94-8Reference of 1731-94-8).

Methyl nonadecanoate (cas: 1731-94-8) belongs to esters. Esters perform as high-grade solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers, and are one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market. Many esters have the potential for conformational isomerism, but they tend to adopt an s-cis (or Z) conformation rather than the s-trans (or E) alternative, due to a combination of hyperconjugation and dipole minimization effects. The preference for the Z conformation is influenced by the nature of the substituents and solvent, if present. Lactones with small rings are restricted to the s-trans (i.e. E) conformation due to their cyclic structure.Reference of 1731-94-8

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

The impact of insecticides containing deltamethrin and cyfluthrin on the composition of surface compounds in the larvae, females and males of Tenebrio molitor was written by Wojciechowska, Marta;Stepnowski, Piotr;Golebiowski, Marek. And the article was included in Biomedical Chromatography in 2022.COA of Formula: C21H44O5 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

This paper presents the effect of insecticides on the composition of the surface compounds of one of the most harmful insects, Tenebrio molitor , by anal. using GC-MS. As a result of the use of insecticides, the composition of the chem. compounds on the surface of insects changes, depending on the insecticides used. The most numerous groups of the marked compounds were fatty acids, alkanes, esters and sterols. The content of the identified compounds in the larvae increased at both 24 and 48 h after the application of insecticides, in comparison with the control samples. The content of identified compounds in the samples taken from the females increased 24, 48 and 72 h after the application of insecticides in comparison with the control samples. By contrast, in samples prepared from males, the content of identified compounds decreased 24 h after the application of insecticides, compared with the control samples. The highest content of chem. compounds was for fatty acids and alkanes after the use of insecticides. The content of fatty acids after the application of the insecticide with deltamethrin was 62.1 卤 3.3-466.9 卤 5.9 渭g/g, and after the application of the insecticide with cyfluthrin was 49.9 卤 1.9-458.3 卤 4.2 渭g/g. However, the content of alkanes after the use of deltamethrin was 115.6 卤 4.2-4672.0 卤 32.1 渭g/g, and after the use of cyfluthrin was 189.4 卤 3.8-3975.0 卤 10.2 渭g/g. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Glyceryl monostearate (cas: 31566-31-1COA of Formula: C21H44O5).

Glyceryl monostearate (cas: 31566-31-1) belongs to esters. Volatile esters with characteristic odours are used in synthetic flavours, perfumes, and cosmetics. Certain volatile esters are used as solvents for lacquers, paints, and varnishes. Because of their lack of hydrogen-bond-donating ability, esters do not self-associate. Consequently, esters are more volatile than carboxylic acids of similar molecular weight.COA of Formula: C21H44O5

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Fabrication of Ultrafine, Highly Ordered Nanostructures Using Carbohydrate-Inorganic Hybrid Block Copolymers was written by Nishimura, Taiki;Katsuhara, Satoshi;Lee, Chaehun;Ree, Brian J.;Borsali, Redouane;Yamamoto, Takuya;Tajima, Kenji;Satoh, Toshifumi;Isono, Takuya. And the article was included in Nanomaterials in 2022.Application of 604-69-3 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Block copolymers (BCPs) have garnered considerable interest due to their ability to form microphase-separated structures suitable for nanofabrication. For these applications, it is critical to achieve both sufficient etch selectivity and a small domain size. To meet both requirements concurrently, we propose the use of oligosaccharide and oligodimethylsiloxane as hydrophilic and etch-resistant hydrophobic inorganic blocks, resp., to build up a novel BCP system, i.e., carbohydrate-inorganic hybrid BCP. The carbohydrate-inorganic hybrid BCPs were synthesized via a click reaction between oligodimethylsiloxane with an azido group at each chain end and propargyl-functionalized maltooligosaccharide (consisting of one, two, and three glucose units). In the bulk state, small-angle X-ray scattering revealed that these BCPs microphase separated into gyroid, asym. lamellar, and sym. lamellar structures with domain-spacing ranging from 5.0 to 5.9 nm depending on the volume fraction. Addnl., we investigated microphase-separated structures in the thin film state and discovered that the BCP with the most asym. composition formed an ultrafine and highly oriented gyroid structure as well as in the bulk state. After reactive ion etching, the gyroid thin film was transformed into a nanoporous-structured gyroid SiO₂ material, demonstrating the material’s promising potential as nanotemplates. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as (2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-6-(Acetoxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2,3,4,5-tetrayl tetraacetate (cas: 604-69-3Application of 604-69-3).

(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-6-(Acetoxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2,3,4,5-tetrayl tetraacetate (cas: 604-69-3) belongs to esters. Esters are also usually derived from carboxylic acids. It may also be obtained by reaction of acid anhydride or acid halides with alcohols or by the reaction of salts of carboxylic acids with alkyl halides. Cyclic esters are called lactones, regardless of whether they are derived from an organic or inorganic acid. One example of an organic lactone is 纬-valerolactone.Application of 604-69-3

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Formulation and Evaluation of Topical Biodegradable Films Loaded with Levofloxacin Lipid Nanocarriers was written by Abdel-Rashid, Rania S.;El-leithy, Eman S.;Abdel-monem, Raghda. And the article was included in AAPS PharmSciTech in 2022.Electric Literature of C21H44O5 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Skin ulcers have increased sharply due to rise in the incidence of obesity and diabetes. This study investigated lipid nanocarriers as a strategy to improve the efficacy of levofloxacin (LV) in penetrating skin. Two surfactant types and different lipid mixtures were used in preparation of lipid nanocarriers. Mean particle size, percentage entrapment efficiency (%EE), in vitro release, and antimicrobial activity were examined The selected formula was incorporated into a chitosan (CS) film that was subjected to physic-chem. characterization and ex vivo permeation study. The selected formula showed particle size, PDI, and ZP: 80.3 nm, -0.21, and -26 mV, resp., synchronized with 82.12%EE. In vitro release study showed slow biphasic release of LV from lipid nanocarriers. The antimicrobial effect illustrated statistically significant effect of lipid nanocarriers on decreasing the min. effective concentration (MIC) of LV, particularly against E. coli. The optimized nanocarriers鈥?formula loaded into CS film was clear, colorless, translucent, and smooth in texture. Based on the release profiles, it could be speculated that the CS film loaded with LV nanocarriers can maintain the antibacterial activity for 4 consecutive days. Thus, the local delivery of the drug in a sustained release manner could be predicted to enhance the therapeutic effect. Further clin. studies are strongly recommended. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Glyceryl monostearate (cas: 31566-31-1Electric Literature of C21H44O5).

Glyceryl monostearate (cas: 31566-31-1) belongs to esters. Esters typically have a pleasant smell; those of low molecular weight are commonly used as fragrances and are found in essential oils and pheromones. Many esters have the potential for conformational isomerism, but they tend to adopt an s-cis (or Z) conformation rather than the s-trans (or E) alternative, due to a combination of hyperconjugation and dipole minimization effects. The preference for the Z conformation is influenced by the nature of the substituents and solvent, if present. Lactones with small rings are restricted to the s-trans (i.e. E) conformation due to their cyclic structure.Electric Literature of C21H44O5

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Effect and mechanism of glycerol monostearate dimer (GMS-D) and baking-treatment on the structure, in vitro digestion of gelatinized potato starch-GMS-D was written by Lu, Yuanchao;Li, Jialing;Ji, Jian;Nie, Xiaohua;Yu, Ningxiang;Meng, Xianghe. And the article was included in Journal of Food Science in 2022.Safety of Glyceryl monostearate The following contents are mentioned in the article:

With the increasing progress of society and in-depth scientific research, dietary regulations, especially sustained glucose releases, are regarded as an effective and significant way to lighten or even cut the emergence of diabetes. In this research, the starch-lipid complex gelatinized potato starch-glycerol monostearate dimer (GPS-GMS-D) was developed to provide a low-glycemic index functional food component for type 2 diabetes. Briefly, the higher complexation index (CI, 71.02%), lower rapidly digestible starch (RDS, 35.57%), and lower estimated glycemic index (eGI, 52.34%) were referred to as GPS-GMS-D. It was assumed that the solid V-type crystal structure, induced with the helix between GMS-D and GPS due to high amylose, high saturation, and low steric hindrance, contributed to the lower digestibility. In addition, baking treatment for 5 min was systematically exerted to improve the flavor of GPS-GMS-D with a relatively high CI (59.98%) and low eGI (54.15%). It was believed that rapid dehydration and close interaction during baking treatment could slow down the decomposition of GPS-GMS-D and conversions of starch fractions. Therefore, these results suggested that the as-developed GPS-GMS-D was a promising low GI functional dietary food component for diabetes mellitus, and a suitable baking post-thermal treatment was successfully proposed to enhance the flavor of GPS-GMS-D. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Glyceryl monostearate (cas: 31566-31-1Safety of Glyceryl monostearate).

Glyceryl monostearate (cas: 31566-31-1) belongs to esters. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides alcoholysis is another way to produce esters. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with alcohols to produce esters. Anydrous conditions are recommended since both acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with water.Safety of Glyceryl monostearate

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Anti-Angiogenic Effect of Cantharellus cibarius Extracts, its Correlation with Lipoxygenase Inhibition, and Role of the Bioactives Therein was written by Marathe, Sandesh J.;Hamzi, Wahiba;Bashein, Abdulla M.;Deska, Jan;Seppanen-Laakso, Tuulikki;Singhal, Rekha S.;Shamekh, Salem. And the article was included in Nutrition and Cancer in 2022.SDS of cas: 1731-94-8 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Angiogenesis is a complex physiol. process that cannot be treated with single agent therapy. Several edible fungi have been known to encompass bioactive compounds, and are promising sources of multi-component drugs. One such widely consumed edible fungi is Cantharellus cibarius, which has been explored for its biol. activities. The present study focused on assessing the anti-angiogenic activity of petroleum ether and ethanol extracts of C. cibarius using chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay. Both the extracts showed a dose-dependent response which was compared with the anti-angiogenic activity of the pos. controls silibinin, and lenalidomide. The extracts were also studied for their lipoxygenase (LOX) inhibitory potential and compared to ascorbic acid as the pos. control. The IC₅₀ values of the petroleum ether extract, ethanol extract, and ascorbic acid for LOX inhibition assay were 135.4, 113.1, and 41.5 渭g/mL, resp. Although both the extracts showed similar responses in CAM assay, ethanol extract proved to be more potent in LOX inhibition assay. Finally, the extracts were investigated for their chem. composition using GC-MS. A correlation between LOX inhibition and anti-angiogenic potential was established at the mol. level. A meticulous literature search was carried out to correlate the biochem. composition of the extracts to their anti-angiogenic activity. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Methyl nonadecanoate (cas: 1731-94-8SDS of cas: 1731-94-8).

Methyl nonadecanoate (cas: 1731-94-8) belongs to esters. Esters are also usually derived from carboxylic acids. It may also be obtained by reaction of acid anhydride or acid halides with alcohols or by the reaction of salts of carboxylic acids with alkyl halides. Liquid esters of low volatility serve as softening agents for resins and plastics. Esters also include many industrially important polymers. Polymethyl methacrylate is a glass substitute sold under the names Lucite and Plexiglas; polyethylene terephthalate is used as a film (Mylar) and as textile fibres sold as Terylene, Fortrel, and Dacron.SDS of cas: 1731-94-8

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Isolation, Purification and Characterization of Lipase from Microbacterium sp. and its Application in Biodiesel Production was written by Tripathi, Ritu;Singh, Jyoti;Bharti, Randhir kumar;Thakur, Indu Shekhar. And the article was included in Energy Procedia in 2014.Synthetic Route of C20H40O2 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Presently the world is facing the problem of scarcity of fossil fuel as it is a non-renewable source of energy. Biodiesel can be an alternative energy source having the advantage of being renewable as well as environment friendly. Enzymes are better catalysts for the production biodiesel as enzymes are more stable and their production is more convenient and safer. Microalgae Scenedesmus sp. was used as a feedstock for biodiesel production Lipase producing bacteria was isolated from the pulp and paper mill and identified as Microbacterium sp. using 16S rDNA sequencing method. Lipase enzyme was purified by sequential methods of ammonium sulfate precipitation and Sephadex G-100 gel column chromatog. The mol. weight of purified enzyme was 40 kDa on SDS-PAGE. This purification procedure resulted in 2.1fold purification of lipase with a 20.8% final yield. The purified lipase exhibited maximal hydrolytic activity at a temperature of 50 0C and a pH of 8.5. The Km of lipase was 3.2 mM and the Vmax 50 渭mol/min/mg. Lipase activity was stimulated by Triton X-100 and SDS and inhibited by Tween 20 and Tween 80. Biodiesel was prepared through sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide and Lipase (Celite and charcoal bound as substrate) catalyzed transesterification process, which enabled a yield of 72.5%, 90% (95.1%, and 15.5%) resp. determined by gas chromatog./mass spectrometry (GC/MS) anal. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Methyl nonadecanoate (cas: 1731-94-8Synthetic Route of C20H40O2).

Methyl nonadecanoate (cas: 1731-94-8) belongs to esters. Carboxylic acid esters of low molecular weight are colourless, volatile liquids with pleasant odours, slightly soluble in water. Esters are more polar than ethers but less polar than alcohols. They participate in hydrogen bonds as hydrogen-bond acceptors, but cannot act as hydrogen-bond donors, unlike their parent alcohols. This ability to participate in hydrogen bonding confers some water-solubility.Synthetic Route of C20H40O2

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Finding inhibitors for PCSK9 using computational methods was written by Zainab, Rida;Kaleem, Afshan;Ponczek, Michal B.;Abdullah, Roheena;Iqtedar, Mehwish;Hoessli, Daniel C.. And the article was included in PLoS One in 2021.Category: esters-buliding-blocks The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) is one of the key targets for atherosclerosis drug development as its binding with low-d. lipoprotein receptor leads to atherosclerosis. The protein-ligand interaction helps to understand the actual mechanism for the pharmacol. action. This research aims to discover the best inhibitory candidates targeting PCSK9. To start with, reported ACE inhibitors were incorporated into pharmacophore designing using PharmaGist to produce pharmacophore models. Selected models were later screened against the ZINC database using ZINCPHARMER to define potential drug candidates that were docked with the target protein to understand their interactions. Mol. docking revealed the top 10 drug candidates against PCSK9, with binding energies ranging from -9.8 kcal路mol^-1 to -8.2 kcal路mol^-1, which were analyzed for their pharmacokinetic properties and oral bioavailability. Some compounds were identified as plant-derived compounds like (S)-canadine, hesperetin or labetalol (an antihypertensive drug). Mol. dynamics results showed that these substances formed stable protein-ligand complexes. (S)-canadine-PCSK9 complex was the most stable with the lowest RMSD. It was concluded that (S)-canadine may act as a potential inhibitor against atherosclerosis for the development of new PCSK9 inhibitory drugs in future in vitro research. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 4-Acetamidophenyl 2-acetoxybenzoate (cas: 5003-48-5Category: esters-buliding-blocks).

4-Acetamidophenyl 2-acetoxybenzoate (cas: 5003-48-5) belongs to esters. Esters perform as high-grade solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers, and are one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market. Polyesters are important plastics, with monomers linked by ester moieties. Because of their lack of hydrogen-bond-donating ability, esters do not self-associate. Consequently, esters are more volatile than carboxylic acids of similar molecular weight.Category: esters-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

A versatile fluorescence-quenched substrate for quantitative measurement of glucocerebrosidase activity within live cells was written by Deen, Matthew C.;Zhu, Yanping;Gros, Christina;Na, Na;Gilormini, Pierre-Andre;Shen, David L.;Bhosale, Sandeep;Anastasi, Nadia;Wang, RuiQi;Shan, Xiaoyang;Harde, Eva;Jagasia, Ravi;Lynn, Francis C.;Vocadlo, David J.. And the article was included in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America in 2022.COA of Formula: C16H22O11 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Loss of activity of the lysosomal glycosidase 尾-glucocerebrosidase (GCase) causes the lysosomal storage disease Gaucher disease (GD) and has emerged as the greatest genetic risk factor for the development of both Parkinson disease (PD) and dementia with Lewy bodies. There is significant interest into how GCase dysfunction contributes to these diseases, however, progress toward a full understanding is complicated by presence of endogenous cellular factors that influence lysosomal GCase activity. Indeed, such factors are thought to contribute to the high degree of variable penetrance of GBA mutations among patients. Robust methods to quant. measure GCase activity within lysosomes are therefore needed to advance research in this area, as well as to develop clin. assays to monitor disease progression and assess GCase-directed therapeutics. Here, we report a selective fluorescence-quenched substrate, LysoFQ-GBA, which enables measuring endogenous levels of lysosomal GCase activity within living cells. LysoFQ-GBA is a sensitive tool for studying chem. or genetic perturbations of GCase activity using either fluorescence microscopy or flow cytometry. We validate the quant. nature of measurements made with LysoFQ-GBA using various cell types and demonstrate that it accurately reports on both target engagement by GCase inhibitors and the GBA allele status of cells. Furthermore, through comparisons of GD, PD, and control patient-derived tissues, we show there is a close correlation in the lysosomal GCase activity within monocytes, neuronal progenitor cells, and neurons. Accordingly, anal. of clin. blood samples using LysoFQ-GBA may provide a surrogate marker of lysosomal GCase activity in neuronal tissue. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as (2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-6-(Acetoxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2,3,4,5-tetrayl tetraacetate (cas: 604-69-3COA of Formula: C16H22O11).

(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-6-(Acetoxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2,3,4,5-tetrayl tetraacetate (cas: 604-69-3) belongs to esters. Esters typically have a pleasant smell; those of low molecular weight are commonly used as fragrances and are found in essential oils and pheromones. Many esters have the potential for conformational isomerism, but they tend to adopt an s-cis (or Z) conformation rather than the s-trans (or E) alternative, due to a combination of hyperconjugation and dipole minimization effects. The preference for the Z conformation is influenced by the nature of the substituents and solvent, if present. Lactones with small rings are restricted to the s-trans (i.e. E) conformation due to their cyclic structure.COA of Formula: C16H22O11

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics