Tag: 300-400

Antibacterial, antioxidant and phytochemical screening of palestinian mallow, Malva Sylvestris L was written by Dowek, Sahar;Fallah, Seema;Basheer-Salimia, Rezq;Jazzar, Mohannad;Qawasmeh, Abdel. And the article was included in International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences in 2020.Formula: C20H40O2 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Objective: To evaluate antibacterial, antioxidant activities, the existence of the major secondary metabolites, and volatile compounds in methanolic extracts from M. sylvestris leaves. Methods: Antibacterial activity was assessed using a well diffusion method. Antioxidant activity was assessed using ABTS•+and DPPH• free radical scavenging assays. Phytochem. screening for secondary metabolites and volatile compounds were done following standard techniques and gas chromatog.-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Results: Methanolic extracts exhibited moderate antibacterial activity compared with the pos. control against the gram-neg. Klebsiella pneumoniae and the gram-pos. bacteria′s Staphylococcus aureus by 47.2 and with 47.1% resp. The average percentage of scavenging was 97.82 ± 0.05 and 79.49 ± 0.4 for ABTS•+ and DPPH•, correspondingly. Total phenols were quant. estimated and found to be 78.9 ± 9.55 mg GAE/g. Phytochem. screening assays revealed the presence of a wide range of phytochem. groups such as alkaloids flavonoids, phenols, tannins, quinones, saponins, steroids, tannins, terpenoides with at least sixteen volatile compounds detected in the plant. Conclusion: The present study confirmed the antioxidant activity of the methanolic extract of M. sylvestris and the existence of is the volatile compounds (phytol), which mediate, even partially, the antioxidant and the claimed analgesic activity of the plant. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Methyl nonadecanoate (cas: 1731-94-8Formula: C20H40O2).

Methyl nonadecanoate (cas: 1731-94-8) belongs to esters. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits. Esters contain a carbonyl center, which gives rise to 120° C–C–O and O–C–O angles. Unlike amides, esters are structurally flexible functional groups because rotation about the C–O–C bonds has a low barrier. Their flexibility and low polarity is manifested in their physical properties; they tend to be less rigid (lower melting point) and more volatile (lower boiling point) than the corresponding amides. Formula: C20H40O2

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

“In vivo” effects of acetylsalicylic acid and two ether derived compounds on primary immune response and lymphoblastic transformation was written by Barasoain, I.;Rojo, J. M.;Portoles, A.. And the article was included in Immunopharmacology in 1980.HPLC of Formula: 5003-48-5 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

The in vivo effects of acetylsalicylic acid (I) [50-78-2], Benorilate [5003-48-5], (II) and Eterilate [62992-61-4] (III) on lymphoblastic transformation and primary immune response were studied in mice. The humoral response in Benorilate- and Eterilate-treated mice was 40-50% lower than that of the controls, whereas in I-treated mice the response was only 25% inhibited. The number of Ig synthesizing cells was neither reduced by I nor by its derivatives, although indomethacin treatments (used for comparative purposes) inhibited by 40% the number of direct plaque-forming cells on the days tested. Mitogen-induced proliferation of spleen lymphocytes was also inhibited in the treated mice; these inhibitions were negligible in the case of cells from I treated mice activated by concanavalin A and slight in cells from Benorilate-treated mice activated by bacterial lipopolysaccharide. When lymphocytes from drug-treated animals were further cultured in the presence of the same drug, a variable inhibition of mitogen-induced proliferation was observed These different in vivo effects of I and the 2 ether derivatives and indomethacin may be due to a distinct action on diverse lymphocyte subpopulations altering their cellular collaborative interactions or modifying the prostaglandin availability. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 4-Acetamidophenyl 2-acetoxybenzoate (cas: 5003-48-5HPLC of Formula: 5003-48-5).

4-Acetamidophenyl 2-acetoxybenzoate (cas: 5003-48-5) belongs to esters. Carboxylic acid esters of low molecular weight are colourless, volatile liquids with pleasant odours, slightly soluble in water. Because of their lack of hydrogen-bond-donating ability, esters do not self-associate. Consequently, esters are more volatile than carboxylic acids of similar molecular weight.HPLC of Formula: 5003-48-5

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Evaluation of a high resolving power time-of-flight mass spectrometer for drug analysis in terms of resolving power and acquisition rate was written by Pelander, Anna;Decker, Petra;Baessmann, Carsten;Ojanpera, Ilkka. And the article was included in Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry in 2011.Safety of 4-Acetamidophenyl 2-acetoxybenzoate The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Liquid chromatog. time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-TOFMS) is applied increasingly to various fields of small mol. anal. The moderate resolving power (RP) of standard TOFMS instruments poses a risk of false neg. results when complex biol. matrixes are to be analyzed. In this study, the performance of a high resolving power TOFMS instrument (maXis by Bruker Daltonik, Bremen, Germany) was evaluated for drug anal. By flow injection anal. of critical drug mixtures, including a total of 17 compounds with nominal masses of 212-415 Da and with mass differences of 8.8-23.5 mDa, RP varied from 34,400 to 51,900 (FWHM). The effect of acquisition rate on RP, mass accuracy, and isotopic pattern fit was studied by applying 1, 2, 5, 10, and 20 Hz acquisition rates in a 16 min gradient elution LC separation All 3 variables were independent of the acquisition rate, with an average mass accuracy and isotopic pattern fit factor (mSigma) of 0.33 ppm and 5.9, resp. The average relative standard deviation of RP was 1.8%, showing high repeatability. The performance was tested further with authentic urine extracts containing a co-eluting compound pair with a nominal mass of 296 Da and an 11.2 mDa mass difference. The authentic sample components were readily resolved and correctly identified by the automated data anal. The average RP, mass accuracy, and isotopic pattern fit were 36,600, 0.9 ppm, and 7.3 mSigma, resp. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 4-Acetamidophenyl 2-acetoxybenzoate (cas: 5003-48-5Safety of 4-Acetamidophenyl 2-acetoxybenzoate).

4-Acetamidophenyl 2-acetoxybenzoate (cas: 5003-48-5) belongs to esters. Volatile esters with characteristic odours are used in synthetic flavours, perfumes, and cosmetics. Certain volatile esters are used as solvents for lacquers, paints, and varnishes. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides alcoholysis is another way to produce esters. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with alcohols to produce esters. Anydrous conditions are recommended since both acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with water.Safety of 4-Acetamidophenyl 2-acetoxybenzoate

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Peppermint essential oil-loaded solid lipid nanoparticle in gelatin coating: Characterization and antibacterial activity against foodborne pathogen inoculated on rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fillet during refrigerated storage was written by Laein, Sara Safaeian;Khanzadi, Saeid;Hashemi, Mohammad;Gheybi, Fatemeh;Azizzadeh, Mohammad. And the article was included in Journal of Food Science in 2022.Formula: C21H44O5 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

The present study was conducted to determine the characterization and antibacterial activity of peppermint essential oil-loaded solid lipid nanoparticle (PEO-SLN) and its impact on the quality of trout fillet stored at 4 ± 1°C for 12 days. The SLNs were prepared through a bath sonication technique. PEO-SLNs contained 0.2% (w/v) PEO in 2% of lipid phase glycerol monostearate (GMS) and tween 80 (1% w/v) used as a surfactant in the aqueous phase. The characterization parameter of PEO-SLN was evaluated, and the antibacterial activity of PEO-SLNs was conducted under in vitro conditions. Trout samples were analyzed for inoculated Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Listeria monocytogenes, and Escherichia coli O157:H7 during refrigerated storage. The mean particle size of PEO-SLNs was 154.83 ± 1.21 nm with a polydispersity index (PDI) of 0.35 ± 0.01 and zeta potential was about -24.16 ± 0.51 mV. The results indicated that PEO-SLN had higher antibacterial activity than the free form of PEO and also when used in combination with gelatin coating (gel + PEO-SLN) had a significant effect on preventing microbial growth in trout fillets (p < 0.05). The most decreasing rate of P. aeruginosa (1.92 log CFU/g), E. coli O157:H7 (0.71 log CFU/g), and L. monocytogenes count (1.69 log CFU/g) was seen in gel + PEO-SLN. These findings illustrated that PEO-SLNs could potentially be utilized in the food industry to increase the shelf life of fish fillets. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Glyceryl monostearate (cas: 31566-31-1Formula: C21H44O5).

Glyceryl monostearate (cas: 31566-31-1) belongs to esters. Esters are also usually derived from carboxylic acids. It may also be obtained by reaction of acid anhydride or acid halides with alcohols or by the reaction of salts of carboxylic acids with alkyl halides. Esterification is the general name for a chemical reaction in which two reactants (typically an alcohol and an acid) form an ester as the reaction product. Esters are common in organic chemistry and biological materials.Formula: C21H44O5

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Effects of microplastics derived from polymer-coated fertilizer on maize growth, rhizosphere, and soil properties was written by Lian, Jiapan;Liu, Weitao;Meng, Lingzuo;Wu, Jiani;Zeb, Aurang;Cheng, Liping;Lian, Yuhang;Sun, Hongwen. And the article was included in Journal of Cleaner Production in 2021.Quality Control of Glyceryl monostearate The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Agricultural microplastics (MPs) pollution resulting from the widespread and extensive use of polymer-coated fertilizer (PCF) is of great concern. However, little information is currently available concerning the influence of MPs derived from PCF (PCF-MPs) on the crop-soil system. Therefore, we investigated the impacts of PCF-MPs (0, 0.01, 0.1, 1% weight/weight) on the growth of maize cultivars (ZNT 488 & ZTN 182), rhizosphere metabolites, microbial community, and soil properties. The effects of PCF-MPs on plant growth varied with plant cultivars and exposure doses. MPs had no influence on the growth of ZNT 488, but significantly improved the plant performance of ZTN 182 at higher doses. PCF-MPs insignificantly altered the rhizosphere metabolite profile of two maize cultivars. Although soil PAEs contents and the microbial communities were unchanged, the phyla Fibrobacteres and Verrucomicrobia (associated with plant growth-promotion) were increased significantly in ZTN 182. Moreover, PCF-MPs stimulated the soil urease, acid phosphatase and nitrate reductase activities, especially the phytase activity in ZTN 182. Besides, significant alterations in soil properties were also discovered in a cultivar-dependent manner. Overall, our study highlighted that the potential environmental risk assessment of PCF-MPs is still needed, even though PCF-MPs did not show neg. effect on maize growth and rhizosphere metabolic profiles. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Glyceryl monostearate (cas: 31566-31-1Quality Control of Glyceryl monostearate).

Glyceryl monostearate (cas: 31566-31-1) belongs to esters. Esters perform as high-grade solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers, and are one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market. Polyesters are important plastics, with monomers linked by ester moieties. Esters contain a carbonyl center, which gives rise to 120° C–C–O and O–C–O angles. Unlike amides, esters are structurally flexible functional groups because rotation about the C–O–C bonds has a low barrier. Their flexibility and low polarity is manifested in their physical properties; they tend to be less rigid (lower melting point) and more volatile (lower boiling point) than the corresponding amides. Quality Control of Glyceryl monostearate

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Waste snail shell derived heterogeneous catalyst for biodiesel production by the transesterification of soybean oil was written by Laskar, Ikbal Bahar;Rajkumari, Kalyani;Gupta, Rajat;Chatterjee, Sushovan;Paul, Bappi;Rokhum, Lalthazuala. And the article was included in RSC Advances in 2018.Recommanded Product: Methyl nonadecanoate The following contents are mentioned in the article:

A waste snail shell (Pila spp.) derived catalyst was used to produce biodiesel from soybean oil at room temperature for the first time. The snail shell was calcined at different temperatures of 400-1000 °C. The synthesized catalysts underwent XRD, SEM, TEM, EDS, FTIR, XRF, TG/DTA and N₂ adsorption-desorption isotherm (BET) anal. The major component CaO was determined at a calcination temperature of 900 °C as depicted in the XRD results. 100% conversion of soybean oil to Me ester biodiesel was obtained, as confirmed by ¹H NMR. A biodiesel yield of 98% was achieved under optimized reaction conditions such as a calcination temperature of 900 °C, a catalyst loading of 3 wt%, a reaction time of 7 h and a methanol to oil ratio of 6 : 1, and biodiesel conversion was confirmed by FT-NMR and IR spectroscopies. A total of 9 fatty acid Me esters (FAMEs) were identified in the synthesized biodiesel by the retention time and fragmentation pattern data of GC-MS anal. The catalyst was recycled 8 times without appreciable loss in its catalytic activity. A high biodiesel yield of 98% was obtained under these optimized conditions. The catalyst has the advantage of being a waste material, therefore it is easily prepared, cost free, highly efficient, biogenic, labor effective and environmentally friendly, making it a potential candidate as a green catalyst for low cost production of biodiesel at an industrial scale. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Methyl nonadecanoate (cas: 1731-94-8Recommanded Product: Methyl nonadecanoate).

Methyl nonadecanoate (cas: 1731-94-8) belongs to esters. Esters typically have a pleasant smell; those of low molecular weight are commonly used as fragrances and are found in essential oils and pheromones. Esterification is the general name for a chemical reaction in which two reactants (typically an alcohol and an acid) form an ester as the reaction product. Esters are common in organic chemistry and biological materials.Recommanded Product: Methyl nonadecanoate

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Design and Development of Neomycin Sulfate Gel Loaded with Solid Lipid Nanoparticles for Buccal Mucosal Wound Healing was written by Hosny, Khaled M.;Naveen, N. Raghavendra;Kurakula, Mallesh;Sindi, Amal M.;Sabei, Fahad Y.;Fatease, Adel Al;Jali, Abdulmajeed M.;Alharbi, Waleed S.;Mushtaq, Rayan Y.;Felemban, Majed;Tayeb, Hossam H.;Alfayez, Eman;Rizg, Waleed Y.. And the article was included in Gels in 2022.Synthetic Route of C21H44O5 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Drug administration to the wound site is a potential method for wound healing. The drug retention duration should be extended, and drug permeability through the buccal mucosal layer should be regulated. Oral wounds can be caused by inflammation, ulcers, trauma, or pathol. lesions; if these wounds are not treated properly, they can lead to pain, infection, and subsequent undesirable scarring. This study aimed to develop Kolliphor-407 P-based gel containing neomycin sulfate (NES) loaded in solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) and enhance the antimicrobial activity. By considering lipid concentrations and achieving the lowest particle size (Y1) and maximum entrapment (EE-Y2) effectiveness, the formulation of NES-SLN was optimized using the Box-Behnken design. For the selected responses, 17 runs were formulated (as anticipated by the Design-Expert software) and evaluated accordingly. The optimized formulation could achieve a particle size of 196.25 and EE of 89.27% and was further utilized to prepare the gel formulation. The NES-SLN-G formula was discovered to have a smooth, homogeneous structure and good mech. and rheol. properties. After 24 h of treatment, NES-SLN-G showed a regulated in vitro drug release pattern, excellent ex vivo permeability, and increased in vitro antibacterial activity. These findings indicate the potential application of NES-SLN-loaded gels as a promising formulation for buccal mucosal wound healing. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Glyceryl monostearate (cas: 31566-31-1Synthetic Route of C21H44O5).

Glyceryl monostearate (cas: 31566-31-1) belongs to esters. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits. Cyclic esters are called lactones, regardless of whether they are derived from an organic or inorganic acid. One example of an organic lactone is γ-valerolactone.Synthetic Route of C21H44O5

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Glucose-Based Fluorinated Surfactants as Additives for the Crystallization of Membrane Proteins: Synthesis and Preliminary Physical-Chemical and Biochemical Characterization was written by Wehbie, Moheddine;Bouchemal, Ilham;Deletraz, Anais;Pebay-Peyroula, Eva;Breyton, Cecile;Ebel, Christine;Durand, Gregory. And the article was included in ACS Omega in 2021.Quality Control of (2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-6-(Acetoxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2,3,4,5-tetrayl tetraacetate The following contents are mentioned in the article:

We report herein the synthesis of a series of fluorinated surfactants with a glucose moiety as a polar head group and whose alkyl chain was varied in length and in fluorine/hydrogen ratio. They were synthesized in two or four steps in 20 to 50% overall yields allowing gram-scale synthesis. Their solubility in water is between 0.2 and 13.8 g/L, which indicates low water solubility Two derivatives of the series were found to form micelles in water at ∼11 mM. Their hydrophilic-lipophilic balance was determined both by Griffin′s and Davies′ methods; they may exhibit a “harsh” character toward membrane proteins. This, combined with their low water solubility, suggest that they could advantageously be used in detergent mixtures containing a “mild” detergent. Finally, the potency of one of the derivatives, F3H5-β-Glu, to act as an additive for the crystallization of AcrB was evaluated in detergent mixtures with n-dodecyl-β-D-maltopyranoside (DDM). Among the six crystallization conditions investigated, adding F3H5-β-Glu improved the crystallization for three of them, as compared to control drops without additives. Moreover, preliminary tests with other compounds of the series showed that none of them hampered crystallization and suggested improvement for three of them. These novel glucose-based fluorinated detergents should be regarded as potential additives that could be included in screening kits used in crystallization This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as (2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-6-(Acetoxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2,3,4,5-tetrayl tetraacetate (cas: 604-69-3Quality Control of (2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-6-(Acetoxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2,3,4,5-tetrayl tetraacetate).

(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-6-(Acetoxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2,3,4,5-tetrayl tetraacetate (cas: 604-69-3) belongs to esters. Esters typically have a pleasant smell; those of low molecular weight are commonly used as fragrances and are found in essential oils and pheromones. Esterification is the general name for a chemical reaction in which two reactants (typically an alcohol and an acid) form an ester as the reaction product. Esters are common in organic chemistry and biological materials.Quality Control of (2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-6-(Acetoxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2,3,4,5-tetrayl tetraacetate

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Starch-based antifungal edible coatings to control sour rot caused by Geotrichum citri-aurantii and maintain postharvest quality of ‘Fino’ lemon was written by Soto-Munoz, Lourdes;Martinez-Blay, Victoria;Perez-Gago, Maria B.;Fernandez-Catalan, Asuncion;Argente-Sanchis, Maricruz;Palou, Lluis. And the article was included in Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture in 2022.SDS of cas: 31566-31-1 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Two edible coating (EC) emulsions based on potato starch (F6 and F10) alone or formulated with sodium benzoate (SB, 2% weight/weight) (F6/SB and F10/SB) were evaluated to maintain postharvest quality of cold-stored ‘Fino’ lemons and control sour rot on lemons artificially inoculated with Geotrichum citri-aurantii. Previous research showed the potential of these ECs to improve the storability of ‘Orri’ mandarins and reduce citrus green and blue molds caused by Penicillum digitatum and Penicillium italicum, resp. The coatings F6/SB and F10/SB significantly reduced sour rot incidence and severity compared to uncoated control samples on lemons incubated at 28°C for 4 and 7 days. The F6/SB coating reduced weight loss and gas exchange compared to uncoated fruit after 2 and 4 wk of storage at 12°C plus a shelf life of 1 wk at 20°C, without adversely affecting the lemon physicochem. quality. Overall, the F6/SB coating formulation, composed of pregelatinized potato starch, glyceryl monostearate, glycerol, emulsifiers and SB, with a total solid content of 5.5%, showed the best results in reducing citrus sour rot and maintaining the postharvest quality of cold-stored ‘Fino’ lemons. Therefore, it showed potential as a new cost-effective postharvest treatment suitable to be included in integrated disease management programs for citrus international markets with zero tolerance to chem. residues. 2021 Society of Chem. Industry. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Glyceryl monostearate (cas: 31566-31-1SDS of cas: 31566-31-1).

Glyceryl monostearate (cas: 31566-31-1) belongs to esters. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits. Esters contain a carbonyl center, which gives rise to 120° C–C–O and O–C–O angles. Unlike amides, esters are structurally flexible functional groups because rotation about the C–O–C bonds has a low barrier. Their flexibility and low polarity is manifested in their physical properties; they tend to be less rigid (lower melting point) and more volatile (lower boiling point) than the corresponding amides. SDS of cas: 31566-31-1

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

A review on formulation and evaluation of moisturizer cream using sunflower wax was written by Tripathi, Kandarp Kumar;Maury, Shashikant. And the article was included in World Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences in 2022.Category: esters-buliding-blocks The following contents are mentioned in the article:

The main objective of the present investigation was to design, prepare and evaluate moisturizing cream using sunflower wax. In the present work 32 full factorial design was applied to study the effect of varying concentration of independent variables stearic acid (X1) and sunflower wax (X2) on dependent variables viscosity and spreadability. All of the prepared formulations of moisturizing cream were evaluated for its physicochem. parameters. Further, the optimized formulation and selected com. moisturizer compared and evaluated for its physicochem. parameters like pH, particle size, spreadability, viscosity and in vitro occlusivity test. Nine different formulations of the moisturizing cream were prepared and all the findings obtained were within the prescribed limit. When compared to the prototype formulation of cream, the formulation MF5 showed good viscosity, in vitro occlusivity and spreadability. From the nine different formulations, MF5 containing 2% stearic acid and 2% sunflower was chosen as the optimized formula. Optimization was done on the basis of in vitro occlusivity studies and physicochem. parameters. The results obtained in this research work clearly showed a promising potential of moisturizing cream containing a specific ratio of stearic acid and sunflower wax as emulsifiers. Thus it can be concluded that sunflower wax is incorporated in the moisturizing cream, to avail of its cosmetic benefits. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Glyceryl monostearate (cas: 31566-31-1Category: esters-buliding-blocks).

Glyceryl monostearate (cas: 31566-31-1) belongs to esters. Esters perform as high-grade solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers, and are one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market. Liquid esters of low volatility serve as softening agents for resins and plastics. Esters also include many industrially important polymers. Polymethyl methacrylate is a glass substitute sold under the names Lucite and Plexiglas; polyethylene terephthalate is used as a film (Mylar) and as textile fibres sold as Terylene, Fortrel, and Dacron.Category: esters-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics