Tag: 300-400

Optimization of the Conditions of Solid Lipid Nanoparticles (SLN) Synthesis was written by Musielak, Ewelina;Feliczak-Guzik, Agnieszka;Nowak, Izabela. And the article was included in Molecules in 2022.Recommanded Product: 31566-31-1 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) have been synthesized as potential drug delivery systems. They are classified as solid lipid nanocarriers that can successfully carry both hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs. SLNs are based on a biocompatible lipid matrix that is enzymically degraded into natural components found in the human body. Solid lipid nanoparticles are suitable for the incorporation of hydrophobic active ingredients such as curcumin. The study included the optimization of lipid nanoparticle composition, incorporation of the active compound (curcumin), a stability evaluation of the obtained nanocarriers and characterization of their lipid matrix. Through process optimization, a dispersion of solid lipid nanoparticles (solid lipid:surfactant-2:1.25 weight ratio) predisposed to the incorporation of curcumin was developed. The encapsulation efficiency of the active ingredient was determined to be 99.80%. In stability studies, it was found that the most suitable conditions for conducting high-pressure homogenization are 300 bar pressure, three cycles and a closed-loop system. This yields the required values of the physicochem. parameters (a particle size within a 200-450 nm range; a polydispersity index of <30%; and a zeta potential of about |±30 mV|). In this work, closed-loop high-pressure homogenization was used for the first time and compared to the currently preferred open-loop method. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Glyceryl monostearate (cas: 31566-31-1Recommanded Product: 31566-31-1).

Glyceryl monostearate (cas: 31566-31-1) belongs to esters. Esters are also usually derived from carboxylic acids. It may also be obtained by reaction of acid anhydride or acid halides with alcohols or by the reaction of salts of carboxylic acids with alkyl halides. Esters are more polar than ethers but less polar than alcohols. They participate in hydrogen bonds as hydrogen-bond acceptors, but cannot act as hydrogen-bond donors, unlike their parent alcohols. This ability to participate in hydrogen bonding confers some water-solubility.Recommanded Product: 31566-31-1

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Formulation and evaluation of polyherbal emulgel for rheumatoid arthritis was written by Harinkhede, Neesha B.;Avari, Jasmine G.;Mahakal, Nilesh S.. And the article was included in World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research in 2022.Formula: C21H44O5 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

The present study was conducted to develop an emulgel formulation containing potential herbal anti-inflammatory agent viz., turmeric, ginger, black paper, menthol. Inflammation and rheumatism remain serious problem in the present era. Although there are number of allopathic formulation available in market for the treatment of inflammation, but these suffer from side effects like heartburn, stomach pain, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, constipation, liver damage, fluid retention, nephrotoxiciy, etc. It is considered that the herbal medication as safer as compared to that of allopathic medicine in the market. The herbal components ginger, turmeric, black paper menthol has been selected for the development of anti-inflammatory formulation, as from literature review it revealed that these are effective in the treatment of inflammation. Ultrez 20 (corbomer) was used as gelling agent ultrez 20 has several advantages over traditional corbopol, ultrez 20 wet within a 5 min whereas traditional corbopol take 12-15 h for wetting. The emulgel were subjected for evaluation on the basis of appearance, pH, spreadability, extrudability, rheol. behavior, in vitro release performance, anti-inflammatory study and were compared with marketed preparation containing diclofenac sodium. The anti-inflammatory study suggests that formulation emulgel is superior to that of all formulation including marketed gel and emulgel. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Glyceryl monostearate (cas: 31566-31-1Formula: C21H44O5).

Glyceryl monostearate (cas: 31566-31-1) belongs to esters. Esters typically have a pleasant smell; those of low molecular weight are commonly used as fragrances and are found in essential oils and pheromones. Because of their lack of hydrogen-bond-donating ability, esters do not self-associate. Consequently, esters are more volatile than carboxylic acids of similar molecular weight.Formula: C21H44O5

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Chirogenesis and pfeiffer effect in optically inactive EuIII and TbIII tris(β-diketonate) upon intermolecular chirality transfer from poly- and monosaccharide alkyl esters and α-pinene: emerging circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) and circular dichroism (CD) was written by Fujiki, Michiya;Wang, Laibing;Ogata, Nanami;Asanoma, Fumio;Okubo, Asuka;Okazaki, Shun;Kamite, Hiroki;Jalilah, Abd Jalil. And the article was included in Frontiers in Chemistry (Lausanne, Switzerland) in 2020.Quality Control of (2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-6-(Acetoxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2,3,4,5-tetrayl tetraacetate The following contents are mentioned in the article:

We report emerging circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) at 4-4 transitions when lanthanide (EuIII and TbIII) tris(β-diketonate) embedded to cellulose triacetate (CTA), cellulose acetate butyrate (CABu), D-/L-glucose pentamethyl esters (D-/L-Glu), and D-/L-arabinose tetra-Me esters (D-/L-Ara) are in film states. Herein, 6,6,7,7,8,8,8-heptafluoro-2,2-dimethyl-3,5-octanedionate (fod) and 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-3,5-heptanedione (dpm) were chosen as the β-diketonates. The glum value of Eu(fod)3 in CABu are +0.0671 at 593 nm (5D0 → 7F1) and -0.0059 at 613 nm (5D0 → 7F2), resp., while those in CTA are +0.0463 and -0.0040 at these transitions, resp. The glum value of Tb(fod)3 in CABu are -0.0029 at 490 nm (5D4 → 7F6), +0.0078 at 540 nm (5D4 → 7F5), and -0.0018 at 552 nm (5D4 → 7F5), resp., while those in CTA are -0.0053, +0.0037, and -0.0059 at these transitions, resp. D-/L-Glu and D-/L-Ara induced weaker glum values at 4-4 transitions of Eu(fod)3, Tb(fod)3, and Tb(dpm)3. A surplus charge neutralization hypothesis was applied to the origin of attractive intermol. interactions between the ligands and saccharides. An anal. of CPL excitation (CPLE) and CPL spectra suggests that (+)- and (-)-sign CPL signals of EuIII and TbIII at different 4f-4f transitions in the visible region are the same with the (+)-and (-)-sign exhibited by CPLE bands at high energy levels of EuIII and TbIII in the near-UV region. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as (2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-6-(Acetoxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2,3,4,5-tetrayl tetraacetate (cas: 604-69-3Quality Control of (2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-6-(Acetoxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2,3,4,5-tetrayl tetraacetate).

(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-6-(Acetoxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2,3,4,5-tetrayl tetraacetate (cas: 604-69-3) belongs to esters. Esters perform as high-grade solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers, and are one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market. Polyesters are important plastics, with monomers linked by ester moieties. Because of their lack of hydrogen-bond-donating ability, esters do not self-associate. Consequently, esters are more volatile than carboxylic acids of similar molecular weight.Quality Control of (2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-6-(Acetoxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2,3,4,5-tetrayl tetraacetate

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Loading Pistacia atlantica essential oil in solid lipid nanoparticles and its effect on apoptosis of breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 was written by Dousti, Mojde;Sari, Soyar;Saffari, Mostafa;Kelidari, Hamidreza;Asare-Addo, Kofi;Nokhodchi, Ali. And the article was included in Pharmaceutical Development and Technology in 2022.HPLC of Formula: 31566-31-1 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Pistacia atlantica has an anti-cancer effect due to its essential oil which is the major constituent of P. atlantica. Unfortunately, this essential oil evaporates easily and makes it less effective. The current research, therefore, aimed to improve the anti-cancer effect of P. atlantica essential oil (PAEO) in solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN). The chem. components of PAEO were assessed by gas chromatog. PAEO-SLNs were prepared by the probe-ultrasonication method, and their particle size, polydispersity index and zeta potential were determined Encapsulation Efficiency (EE%) and Loading Capacity (LC%) of formulations was also calculated Transmission electron microscopy was employed to determine the morphol. of optimal formulation (PAEO-SLN4). Furthermore, the anticancer effects of PAEO-SLN4 against MDA-MB-231 cells were evaluated by cellular assays. The results showed that the type of surfactant and loading of the essential oil had a significant effect on size distribution, zeta potential and the polydispersity index. The encapsulation efficiency (EE%) and loading capacity for PAEO-SLN4 were 97.3% and 9.6%, resp. The cellular assay demonstrates that PAEO-SLN4 could lead MDA-MB-231 cells to apoptosis. The findings also revealed that PAEO-SLN4 can stimulate apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 cells more than the placebo and free PAEO thereby indicating PAEO-SLN4 to be beneficial in breast cancer treatment. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Glyceryl monostearate (cas: 31566-31-1HPLC of Formula: 31566-31-1).

Glyceryl monostearate (cas: 31566-31-1) belongs to esters. Esters are also usually derived from carboxylic acids. It may also be obtained by reaction of acid anhydride or acid halides with alcohols or by the reaction of salts of carboxylic acids with alkyl halides. Esters contain a carbonyl center, which gives rise to 120° C–C–O and O–C–O angles. Unlike amides, esters are structurally flexible functional groups because rotation about the C–O–C bonds has a low barrier. Their flexibility and low polarity is manifested in their physical properties; they tend to be less rigid (lower melting point) and more volatile (lower boiling point) than the corresponding amides. HPLC of Formula: 31566-31-1

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Formulation and Evaluation of Nano Lipid Carrier-Based Ocular Gel System: Optimization to Antibacterial Activity was written by Gilani, Sadaf Jamal;Jumah, May Nasser bin;Zafar, Ameeduzzafar;Imam, Syed Sarim;Yasir, Mohd;Khalid, Mohammad;Alshehri, Sultan;Ghuneim, Mohammed M.;Albohairy, Fatima M.. And the article was included in Gels in 2022.Category: esters-buliding-blocks The following contents are mentioned in the article:

The present research work was designed to prepare Azithromycin (AM)-loaded nano lipid carriers (NLs) for ocular delivery. NLs were prepared by the emulsification-homogenization method and further optimized by the Box Behnken design. AM-NLs were optimized using the independent constraints of homogenization speed (A), surfactant concentration (B), and lipid concentration (C) to obtain optimal NLs (AM-NLop). The selected AM-NLop was further converted into a sol-gel system using a mucoadhesive polymer blend of sodium alginate and hydroxyl Pr Me cellulose (AM-NLopIG). The sol-gel system was further characterized for drug release, permeation, hydration, irritation, histopathol., and antibacterial activity. The prepared NLs showed nano-metric size particles (154.7 ± 7.3 to 352.2 ± 15.8 nm) with high encapsulation efficiency (48.8 ± 1.1 to 80.9 ± 2.9%). AM-NLopIG showed a more prolonged drug release (98.6 ± 4.6% in 24 h) than the eye drop (99.4 ± 5.3% in 3 h). The ex vivo permeation result depicted AM-NLopIG, AM-IG, and eye drop. AM-NLopIG exhibited significant higher AM permeation (60.7 ± 4.1%) than AM-IG (33.46 ± 3.04%) and eye drop (23.3 ± 3.7%). The corneal hydration was found to be 76.45%, which is within the standard limit. The histopathol. and HET-CAM results revealed that the prepared formulation is safe for ocular use. The antibacterial study revealed enhanced activity from the AM-NLopIG. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Glyceryl monostearate (cas: 31566-31-1Category: esters-buliding-blocks).

Glyceryl monostearate (cas: 31566-31-1) belongs to esters. Esters perform as high-grade solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers, and are one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market. Cyclic esters are called lactones, regardless of whether they are derived from an organic or inorganic acid. One example of an organic lactone is γ-valerolactone.Category: esters-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Intranasal repaglinide-solid lipid nanoparticles integrated in situ gel outperform conventional oral route in hypoglycemic activity was written by Elkarray, Soha M.;Farid, Ragwa M.;Abd-Alhaseeb, Mohammad M.;Omran, Gamal A.;Habib, Doaa A.. And the article was included in Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology in 2022.Recommanded Product: Glyceryl monostearate The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Repaglinide (REP) loaded solid-lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) for intranasal administration is the subject of the current work aiming enhancement of diabetes pharmacotherapy. SLNs were prepared by applying 32 factorial-design using the hot-melt emulsion technique. Surfactant and lipid types were selected as the independent variables. The optimized formula composed of glyceryl monostearate and Poloxamer 188 was further integrated into gellan gum (GG 0.5%w/v) in situ gel for ease of administration. The optimized SLNs integrated into situ gel (SLNF1.ISG0.5) showed small particle size (96.34nm), high EE (80.57%), and outstanding sustained release of only 83.3% after 30h. ISG formula showed pseudo-plastic behavior, mucoadhesive property, and phys. stablility. TEM showed spherical nanoparticles associated with the hydrogel matrix. In vivo pharmacodynamic study results in diabetic rats’ proved to be safe and succeeded to show superior hypoglycemic-activity for REP after nasal administration vs. oral route manifested by higher 1.2-fold % maximum reduction, the 2.5-fold total decrease in blood glucose level with a significantly longer duration of action > 48h. Conclusively, the developed intranasal drug-loaded-SLNs integrated in-situ gel formula succeeded to achieve the maximum therapeutic outcome of repaglinide in dose reduction frequency for diabetes mellites treatment. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Glyceryl monostearate (cas: 31566-31-1Recommanded Product: Glyceryl monostearate).

Glyceryl monostearate (cas: 31566-31-1) belongs to esters. Carboxylic acid esters of low molecular weight are colourless, volatile liquids with pleasant odours, slightly soluble in water. Many esters have the potential for conformational isomerism, but they tend to adopt an s-cis (or Z) conformation rather than the s-trans (or E) alternative, due to a combination of hyperconjugation and dipole minimization effects. The preference for the Z conformation is influenced by the nature of the substituents and solvent, if present. Lactones with small rings are restricted to the s-trans (i.e. E) conformation due to their cyclic structure.Recommanded Product: Glyceryl monostearate

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Design expert assisted formulation, characterization and optimization of microemulsion based solid lipid nanoparticles of repaglinide was written by Maddiboyina, Balaji;Jhawat, Vikas;Nakkala, Ramya Krishna;Desu, Prasanna Kumar;Gandhi, Sivaraman. And the article was included in Progress in Biomaterials in 2021.Safety of Glyceryl monostearate The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Repaglinide, a member of the meglitinide class of drugs, is a new anti-diabetic agent that is utilized as an oral hypoglycemic agent. Using glyceryl monostearate, cetyl palmitate, and tristearin as lipids and poloxamer 188 as a surfactant, repaglinide-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles were created. Solid lipid nanoparticles were prepared utilizing an o/w microemulsion technique, which included the lipids glyceryl monostearate and tristearin, as well as waxes such as cetyl palmitate and the surfactant poloxamer 188. The mean particle size of the solid lipid nanoparticles formed was around 339 nm, with an entrapment efficiency of 82.20%. In-vitro release studies continued to be conducted using the dialysis bag diffusion technique. Within 12 h, the cumulative drug release was 88.4%. The results indicate that repaglinide was released more slowly from solid lipid nanoparticles made from tristearin and glyceryl monostearate in an equal ratio. Tristearin found the controlled release and extreme entrapment from other lipid carriers like glyceryl monostearate and cetyl palmitate. Differential scanning calorimetry demonstrates that repaglinide is entangled in amorphous or mol. state within solid lipid nanoparticles. SEM microscopy revealed that the produced repaglinide solid lipid nanoparticles had a spherical shape. After one month of storage at 2-8°C, short-term stability testing revealed no significant alteration. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Glyceryl monostearate (cas: 31566-31-1Safety of Glyceryl monostearate).

Glyceryl monostearate (cas: 31566-31-1) belongs to esters. Esters typically have a pleasant smell; those of low molecular weight are commonly used as fragrances and are found in essential oils and pheromones. Cyclic esters are called lactones, regardless of whether they are derived from an organic or inorganic acid. One example of an organic lactone is γ-valerolactone.Safety of Glyceryl monostearate

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Transdermal Delivery of Curcumin-Loaded Solid Lipid Nanoparticles as Microneedle Patch: an In Vitro and In Vivo Study was written by Prabhu, Ankitha;Jose, Jobin;Kumar, Lalit;Salwa, S.;Vijay Kumar, M.;Nabavi, Seyed Mohammad. And the article was included in AAPS PharmSciTech in 2022.Recommanded Product: Glyceryl monostearate The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Curcumin is well known for its neuroprotective effect, and also able to alleviate Parkinsonian features. Clin. application of curcumin is limited due to its low bioavailability. Hence, we hypothesized that the microneedles (MN) containing drug-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) may be able to improve its bioavailability and efficacy. The SLNs were prepared with microemulsion technique using glyceryl monostearate as a lipid and tween 80 as a stabilizer. The particle size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, and entrapment efficiency of prepared SLNs were determined The optimized formulation was incorporated into microneedle arrays using micromolding technique and fabricated microneedle patch were characterized by Fourier transform IR spectroscopy, SEM, optical microscopy, ex vivo permeation studies, histol. studies, and fluorescent microscopy. The fabricated microneedle patch was also evaluated for neuroprotective activity and skin irritation potential. Fourier transform IR spectroscopy studies of SLNs and microneedles confirmed the chem. compatibility of excipients with curcumin. The developed microneedles were also found to be non-irritant with decreased degree of bradykinesia, high motor coordination, and balance ability. The study provided a theor. basis for the use of novel microneedle containing curcumin-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles as a useful tool for the treatment of Parkinson′s disease. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Glyceryl monostearate (cas: 31566-31-1Recommanded Product: Glyceryl monostearate).

Glyceryl monostearate (cas: 31566-31-1) belongs to esters. Esters perform as high-grade solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers, and are one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides alcoholysis is another way to produce esters. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with alcohols to produce esters. Anydrous conditions are recommended since both acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with water.Recommanded Product: Glyceryl monostearate

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Application of headspace solid-phase microextraction followed by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry to determine esters of carboxylic acids and other volatile compounds in Dermestes maculatus and Dermestes ater lipids was written by Cerkowniak, Magdalena;Bogus, Mieczyslawa I.;Wloka, Emilia;Stepnowski, Piotr;Golebiowski, Marek. And the article was included in Biomedical Chromatography in 2018.Computed Properties of C20H40O2 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

A constant problem in veterinary medicine, human healthcare, agriculture, forestry and horticulture is the large number of pests, and the lack of effective methods to combat them which cause no harm to the rest of the environment. It is recommended and desired to reduce the use of chems. and increase the use of agents based on knowledge acquired in the fields of biol., chem. and agrochems. To learn the defense mechanisms of insects we should consider not only the site of their physiol. ability to protect against external factors (cuticle), but also the possibility of chem. protection, formed by all compounds on the surface and in the body of insects. In this study, a procedure was developed to determine the esters of carboxylic acids in insect lipids. Headspace solid-phase microextraction was followed by gas chromatog. coupled with gas spectrometry. First, the best conditions were selected for the anal. to obtain the best chromatog. separation An RTx-5 column was used for this purpose. Polydimethylsiloxane/divinylbenzene (PDMS/DVB) and polyacrylate fibers were used to isolate acid esters. PDMS/DVB fiber achieved the best conditions for the extraction; the extraction time was 50 min, the extraction temperature was 105°C and the desorption time was 10 min at 230°C. These solid-phase microextraction conditions were used to analyze volatile compounds extracted from insects belonging to the Dermestidae family. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Methyl nonadecanoate (cas: 1731-94-8Computed Properties of C20H40O2).

Methyl nonadecanoate (cas: 1731-94-8) belongs to esters. Esters typically have a pleasant smell; those of low molecular weight are commonly used as fragrances and are found in essential oils and pheromones. Esters contain a carbonyl center, which gives rise to 120° C–C–O and O–C–O angles. Unlike amides, esters are structurally flexible functional groups because rotation about the C–O–C bonds has a low barrier. Their flexibility and low polarity is manifested in their physical properties; they tend to be less rigid (lower melting point) and more volatile (lower boiling point) than the corresponding amides. Computed Properties of C20H40O2

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Carbohydrate-functionalized N-heterocyclic carbene Ru(II) complexes: synthesis, characterization and catalytic transfer hydrogenation activity was written by Byrne, Joseph P.;Musembi, Pauline;Albrecht, Martin. And the article was included in Dalton Transactions in 2019.Category: esters-buliding-blocks The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Three Ru complexes containing carbohydrate/N-heterocyclic carbene hybrid ligands were synthesized that were comprised of a triazolylidene coordination site and a directly linked per-acetylated glucosyl (5Glc) or galactosyl unit (5Gal), or a glycosyl unit linked through an ethylene spacer (6). Electrochem. and UV-vis anal. indicate only minor perturbation of the electronic configuration of the metal center upon carbohydrate installation. Deprotection of the carbohydrate was accomplished under basic conditions to afford complexes that were stable in solution over several hours, but decomposed in the solid state. Complexes 5 and 6 were used as pre-catalysts for transfer hydrogenation of ketones under basic conditions, i.e. conditions that lead to in situ deprotection of the carbohydrate entity. The carbohydrate directly influences the catalytic activity of the metal center. Remotely linked carbohydrates (complex 6) induce significantly lower catalytic activity than directly linked carbohydrates (complexes 5Glc, 5Gal), while unfunctionalized triazolylidenes are an order of magnitude more active. These observations and substrate variations strongly suggest that substrate bonding is rate-limiting for transfer hydrogenation in these hybrid carbohydrate/triazolylidene systems. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as (2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-6-(Acetoxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2,3,4,5-tetrayl tetraacetate (cas: 604-69-3Category: esters-buliding-blocks).

(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-6-(Acetoxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2,3,4,5-tetrayl tetraacetate (cas: 604-69-3) belongs to esters. Esters are also usually derived from carboxylic acids. It may also be obtained by reaction of acid anhydride or acid halides with alcohols or by the reaction of salts of carboxylic acids with alkyl halides. Esters contain a carbonyl center, which gives rise to 120° C–C–O and O–C–O angles. Unlike amides, esters are structurally flexible functional groups because rotation about the C–O–C bonds has a low barrier. Their flexibility and low polarity is manifested in their physical properties; they tend to be less rigid (lower melting point) and more volatile (lower boiling point) than the corresponding amides. Category: esters-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics