Tag: 300-400

Synthesis and insecticidal activities of novel solanidine derivatives was written by Beaulieu, Remi;Grand, Eric;Stasik, Imane;Attoumbre, Jacques;Chesnais, Quentin;Gobert, Virginie;Ameline, Arnaud;Giordanengo, Philippe;Kovensky, Jose. And the article was included in Pest Management Science in 2019.Formula: C16H22O11 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Potato (Solanum tuberosum) is the fourth culture in the world and is widely used in the agri-food industries. They generate byproducts in which α-chaconine and α-solanine, the two major solanidine-based glycoalkaloids of potato, are present. As secondary metabolites, they play an important role in the protection system of potato and are involved in plant protection against insects. To add value to these byproducts, we described here new glycoalkaloids that could have phytosanitary properties. Solanidine, as a renewable source, was modified with an azido linker and coupled by copper-catalyzed alkyne azide cycloaddition to alkynyl derivatives of the monosaccharides found in the natural potato glycoalkakoids: D-glucose, D-galactose and L-rhamnose. The efficacy of our compounds was evaluated on the potato aphid Macrosiphum euphorbiae. The synthetic compounds have stronger aphicidal properties against nymphs than unmodified solanidine. They also showed strong aphicidal activities on adults and a neg. impact on fecundity. Our synthetic neoglycoalkaloids affected Macrosiphum euphorbiae survival at the nymphal stage as well as at the adult stage. Furthermore, they induced a decrease in fecundity. Our results show that chem. modifications of byproducts may afford new sustainable compounds for crop and plant protection. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as (2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-6-(Acetoxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2,3,4,5-tetrayl tetraacetate (cas: 604-69-3Formula: C16H22O11).

(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-6-(Acetoxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2,3,4,5-tetrayl tetraacetate (cas: 604-69-3) belongs to esters. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits. Esters are more polar than ethers but less polar than alcohols. They participate in hydrogen bonds as hydrogen-bond acceptors, but cannot act as hydrogen-bond donors, unlike their parent alcohols. This ability to participate in hydrogen bonding confers some water-solubility.Formula: C16H22O11

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Influence of different solid lipids on the properties of a novel nanostructured lipid carrier containing Antarctic krill oil was written by Lin, Yunwei;Yin, Wenting;Li, Yujie;Liu, Guoqin. And the article was included in International Journal of Food Science and Technology in 2022.Name: Glyceryl monostearate The following contents are mentioned in the article:

This study aimed to investigate the effect of solid lipids (lauric acid (LAU), myristic acid (MYR), stearic acid (STE), glycerol monostearate (GMS), glycerol 1,3-distearate (GDS), glycerol tristearate (GTS), glycerol trimyristate (GTM) and glycerol trilaurate (GTL)) on the characteristics of novel nanostructured lipid carrier (NLC) containing Antarctic krill oil through ultrasound. The fatty acids (LAU, MYR, STE and GMS) were unsuitable solid lipid materials, as apparent stratification was quickly observed during the NLC preparation NLCs were successfully prepared using GTS, GTM, GTL and GDS. The zeta potential of all NLCs exceeded -30 mV indicating good uniformity and stability. These NLCs appeared spherical or oval. Differential calorimetry and X-ray diffraction anal. revealed these NLCs formed imperfect crystals. As the carbon chain length of triglycerides increased from C12 to C18, the particle size of NLCs increased from 235.8 ± 2.3 nm to 340.5 ± 2.2 nm, the degree of recrystallization increased from 39.06% to 49.99%, while the EPA encapsulation efficiency decreased from 88.72 ± 0.47% to 72.86 ± 1.06%. NLC prepared with GDS had the smallest particle size (112.4 ± 0.4 nm), the lowest recrystallization and the highest EPA encapsulation efficiency (>99%). GDS was the most suitable to prepare high encapsulate efficiency krill oil-loaded NLC. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Glyceryl monostearate (cas: 31566-31-1Name: Glyceryl monostearate).

Glyceryl monostearate (cas: 31566-31-1) belongs to esters. Esters perform as high-grade solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers, and are one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market. Esterification is the general name for a chemical reaction in which two reactants (typically an alcohol and an acid) form an ester as the reaction product. Esters are common in organic chemistry and biological materials.Name: Glyceryl monostearate

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Formulation and evaluation of ezetimibe loaded solid lipid nanoparticles was written by Chilukuri, Chandraprakash;Haq, S. Muhammad Fazal Ul. And the article was included in World Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences in 2022.SDS of cas: 31566-31-1 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Ezetimibe is an anti Hyperlipidemic drug with low bioavailability (35%) and poor aqueous solubility (0-00846 mg/L.) The present study was focused to enhance the bioavailability of ezetimibe. Drug loaded solid lipid nanoparticles were prepared by using high shear homogenization and ultrasonication method using glycerol mono sterate as lipid and tween 80, poloxamer 188 as surfactants. Prepared solid lipid nanoparticles were characterized for particle size, surface morphol. and thermal properties. Evaluation studies like entrapment efficiency, Invitro drug release studies, and stability studies. The optimized formulation of ezetimbe loaded solid lipid nanoparticles exhibited particle size (432 nm), zeta potential (-13.8mV) and poly dispersity index (0.168). Thermal property studies performed by using differential scanning calorimetry showed no chem. interaction between drug and lipid. Entrapment efficiency of optimized formulation was found to be 88.72 ± 0.21%. scanning electron microscope study revealed solid lipid nanoparticles were spherical in shape with smooth surface. invitro drug release studies showed a drug release of 89.2 ± 0.2% for optimized formulation. Stability studies performed on the optimized formulation at different temperatures for 2 mo revealed there is slight decrease in the stability of drug loaded solid lipid nanoparticles. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Glyceryl monostearate (cas: 31566-31-1SDS of cas: 31566-31-1).

Glyceryl monostearate (cas: 31566-31-1) belongs to esters. Carboxylic acid esters of low molecular weight are colourless, volatile liquids with pleasant odours, slightly soluble in water. Esters contain a carbonyl center, which gives rise to 120° C–C–O and O–C–O angles. Unlike amides, esters are structurally flexible functional groups because rotation about the C–O–C bonds has a low barrier. Their flexibility and low polarity is manifested in their physical properties; they tend to be less rigid (lower melting point) and more volatile (lower boiling point) than the corresponding amides. SDS of cas: 31566-31-1

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Formulation and evalution of herbal vanishing cream was written by Krishnan, Nived;Afsal, V. T. Ibrahim;Jamal, Farisha;Rasheed, Rinsha;Shahana, Sherin P. P.. And the article was included in World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research in 2022.Application In Synthesis of Glyceryl monostearate The following contents are mentioned in the article:

The skin is the largest organ of the body. There are three structural layers for skin-epidermis, dermis, and subcutis. Hair, nails, sebaceous gland, sweat gland and apocrine glands are regarded as derivatives of skin. There are different types of skin problems and the surge for discovering natural products. skin problem is one of the major problems in both mens and women. It may be due to certain hereditary factors, stress, alc. consumption, environmental factors etc This study aims to determine the potent skin care activity of herbal plant material, their extraction and to select the safest and effective formulation for their related problem. Crude drugs were obtained from local vendors. plant Curcuma longa (turmeric), Azadirachta indica (Neem) was collected and were carried out and formulated. The present work aimed to formulate herbal vanishing cream having antibacterial properties. Herbal vanishing cream is an o/w type emulsion formulated by using neem and turmeric. Then it is evaluated by using various parameters like appearance, pH, irritancy, smear test, spreadability etc. Antibacterial property of herbal vanishing cream was proved by using microbial assay. Hence it is confirmed that the formulated herbal vanishing cream shows better antibacterial properties, skin moisturizer, sheen effect, daily day creams, moisture locking power etc. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Glyceryl monostearate (cas: 31566-31-1Application In Synthesis of Glyceryl monostearate).

Glyceryl monostearate (cas: 31566-31-1) belongs to esters. Carboxylic acid esters of low molecular weight are colourless, volatile liquids with pleasant odours, slightly soluble in water. Many esters have the potential for conformational isomerism, but they tend to adopt an s-cis (or Z) conformation rather than the s-trans (or E) alternative, due to a combination of hyperconjugation and dipole minimization effects. The preference for the Z conformation is influenced by the nature of the substituents and solvent, if present. Lactones with small rings are restricted to the s-trans (i.e. E) conformation due to their cyclic structure.Application In Synthesis of Glyceryl monostearate

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

One-step direct transesterification of wet yeast for biodiesel production catalyzed by magnetic nanoparticle-immobilized lipase was written by Cao, Xiyue;Xu, Hui;Li, Fosheng;Zou, Yijun;Ran, Yulu;Ma, Xiaorui;Cao, Yu;Xu, Qingrui;Qiao, Dairong;Cao, Yi. And the article was included in Renewable Energy in 2021.Electric Literature of C20H40O2 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

To develop a method for direct transesterification of wet yeast using immobilized lipase, the oleaginous yeast Saitozyma podzolica Zwy-2-3 and the lipase producing Burkholderia pyrrolica WZ10-3 were used as materials for production of biodiesel. Fe₃O₄@SiO₂-CHO prepared by modifying Fe₃O₄ with TEOS, APTES and glutaraldehyde. The biocatalysts covalently cross-linked with WZ10-3 lipase by Fe₃O₄@SiO₂-CHO were characterized by FTIR, XRD and TEM. When the enzyme dosage, glutaraldehyde concentration, temperature and time were 30.22 mL, 2.0%, 40°C and 4 h, the immobilized lipase activity and immobilization rate reached 10038.0 U/g and 96.9%, resp. The optimum temperatures for immobilized and free lipase were 60 degrees and 40 degrees. The immobilized enzyme still had 80% enzymic activity after 48 d storage at 4°C. The optimized conditions for the direct conversion of immobilized lipase to esterified wet yeast (one-step) were: enzyme dosage 2.5 g, reaction temperature 35°C; water content 15%; and molar ratio of n-hexane to methanol 3: 1. The transesterification rates of one-step method for oil and biomass were 98.12% and 56.11%, resp. In contrast, the two-step method was only 88.75% and 51.21%. The immobilized enzyme had 90% enzyme activity after 10 times of reuse. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Methyl nonadecanoate (cas: 1731-94-8Electric Literature of C20H40O2).

Methyl nonadecanoate (cas: 1731-94-8) belongs to esters. Esters perform as high-grade solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers, and are one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market. Cyclic esters are called lactones, regardless of whether they are derived from an organic or inorganic acid. One example of an organic lactone is γ-valerolactone.Electric Literature of C20H40O2

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Comparative study of three Achillea essential oils from eastern part of Turkey and their biological activities was written by Demirci, Betul;Baser, K. Husnu Can;Aytac, Zeki;Khan, Shabana I.;Jacob, Melissa R.;Tabanca, Nurhayat. And the article was included in Records of Natural Products in 2018.Category: esters-buliding-blocks The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Essential oils obtained by hydrodistillation were analyzed both by gas chromatog. (GC) and gas chromatog.-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The main constituents found in Achillea oil were as follows: A. filipendulina Lam.: 43.8% santolina alc., 14.5% 1,8-cineole and 12.5% cis-chrysanthenyl acetate; A. magnifica Hiemerl ex Hub.-Mor.: 27.5% linalool, 5.8% spathulenol, 5.5% terpinen-4-ol, 4.7% α-terpineol and 4.7% β-eudesmol; A. tenuifolia Lam.: 12.4% artemisia ketone, 9.9% p-cymene, 7.1% camphor, 5.9% terpinen-4-ol, 4.7% caryophyllene oxide and 4.5% α-pinene. Furthermore, the Achillea essential oils were evaluated for antimalarial and antimicrobial activities. A. magnifica and A. filipendulina oils showed strong antimalarial activity against both chloroquine sensitive D6 (IC₅₀= 1.2 and 0.68 μg/mL) and chloroquine resistant W2 (IC₅₀= 1.1 and 0.9 μg/mL) strains of Plasmodium falciparum without any cytotoxicity to mammalian cells up to IC₅₀=47.6 μg/mL against Vero cells whereas A. tenuifolia oil showed no antimalarial activity up to a concentration of 20 mg/mL. All three Achillea oils showed no antibacterial activity against human pathogenic bacteria up to a concentration of 200 μg/mL. A. tenuifolia and A. magnifica oils demonstrated mild antifungal activity against Cryptococcus neoformans (IC₅₀= 45, 20 and 15 μg/mL, resp.). This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Methyl nonadecanoate (cas: 1731-94-8Category: esters-buliding-blocks).

Methyl nonadecanoate (cas: 1731-94-8) belongs to esters. Carboxylic acid esters of low molecular weight are colourless, volatile liquids with pleasant odours, slightly soluble in water. Liquid esters of low volatility serve as softening agents for resins and plastics. Esters also include many industrially important polymers. Polymethyl methacrylate is a glass substitute sold under the names Lucite and Plexiglas; polyethylene terephthalate is used as a film (Mylar) and as textile fibres sold as Terylene, Fortrel, and Dacron.Category: esters-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Identifying targets of potential concern by a screening level ecological risk assessment of human use pharmaceuticals in China was written by Bu, Qingwei;Cao, Yibo;Yu, Gang;He, Xiaofan;Zhang, Handan;Sun, Jinyu;Yun, Mengqi;Cao, Zhiguo. And the article was included in Chemosphere in 2020.Quality Control of 4-Acetamidophenyl 2-acetoxybenzoate The following contents are mentioned in the article:

The pollution of pharmaceuticals has attracted a lot of concerns during recent years. The goal of this study was to identify targets of ecol. concern considering human use pharmaceuticals marketed in China. We constructed a database for 593 active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) by collecting their information on use and emission (e.g. production, human excretion, and removal by wastewater treatment) to calculated predicted environmental concentrations (PECs) by using an adapted European Medicines Agency method. PECs were comparable to the reported measurements for most APIs, demonstrating that the adapted method is reliable for the prioritization practice. Then PECs were compared to toxicity thresholds of three aquatic taxa (algae, daphnia, and fish). As a result, a total of 31 APIs, which were potentially risky and should be taken into consideration in future studies, were identified. Three APIs would pose a high risk with risk quotient (RQ) greater than 10. Six APIs were identified with moderate risks (1 < RQ < 10), and four of them were not reported before: rifaximin, griseofulvin, amikacin, and niclosamide. Of the 22 APIs with low risks (0.1 < RQ < 1), 17 have never been monitored previously in China and even worldwide. This study has yielded some probable antibiotics that should be considered as monitoring targets in China in the future. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 4-Acetamidophenyl 2-acetoxybenzoate (cas: 5003-48-5Quality Control of 4-Acetamidophenyl 2-acetoxybenzoate).

4-Acetamidophenyl 2-acetoxybenzoate (cas: 5003-48-5) belongs to esters. Volatile esters with characteristic odours are used in synthetic flavours, perfumes, and cosmetics. Certain volatile esters are used as solvents for lacquers, paints, and varnishes. Because of their lack of hydrogen-bond-donating ability, esters do not self-associate. Consequently, esters are more volatile than carboxylic acids of similar molecular weight.Quality Control of 4-Acetamidophenyl 2-acetoxybenzoate

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Chemical constituents of Mussaenda erythrophylla Schumach. & Thonn. (Rubiaceae) and their chemophenetic significance was written by Bouzeko, Inest Larissa T.;Dongmo, Faustine Leonie M.;Ndontsa, Blanche Laure;Ngansop, Cyrille Armel N.;Keumoe, Rodrigue;Bitchagno, Gabin Thierry M.;Jouda, Jean Bosco;Mbouangouere, Roukayatou;Tchegnitegni, Billy Toussie;Boyom, Fabrice Fekam;Sewald, Norbert;Lenta, Bruno Ndjakou;Tane, Pierre;Ngouela, Silvere Augustin;Tene, Mathieu. And the article was included in Biochemical Systematics and Ecology in 2021.Recommanded Product: Glyceryl monostearate The following contents are mentioned in the article:

The chem. investigation of the CH2Cl2/MeOH (1:1) extract from the aerial part of Mussaenda erythrophylla Schumach. & Thonn. (Rubiaceae) resulted in the isolation of sixteen known compounds (1-16) distributed in coumarins, flavonoid glucosides, quinic acid derivatives, triterpenoids, monoglycerid, steroids, tetraterpenoid and polyol. The structures of the compounds were determined by spectrometric and spectroscopic anal. including MS and NMR data followed by their comparison with reported ones in the literature. The chemophenetic significance of the isolated compounds was discussed. The crude extract and some of the isolated compounds were assessed in vitro for their antileishmanial, cytotoxic and antiplasmodial activities. The crude extract of M. erythrophylla showed moderate antileishmanial activity (IC50 = 61.6μg/mL) while the hexane soluble fraction showed good antileishmanial activity (IC50 = 31.06μg/mL) compared to the reference drug amphotericin B (IC50 = 0.11μM). Compounds 11 and 9 also exhibited potent antileishmanial activity (IC50 = 53.7-52.0μM). The crude extract as well as the Et acetate soluble fraction also exhibited good antiplasmodial activity (IC50 = 7.43 ± 0.00μg/mL and 14.49 ± 2.96μg/mL resp.), while compounds 11, 15 and 16 showed weak activity with IC50 > 20μM compared to the reference drug artemisinin (IC50 = 0.014 ± 0.001μM). This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Glyceryl monostearate (cas: 31566-31-1Recommanded Product: Glyceryl monostearate).

Glyceryl monostearate (cas: 31566-31-1) belongs to esters. Esters perform as high-grade solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers, and are one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market. Polyesters are important plastics, with monomers linked by ester moieties. Esters contain a carbonyl center, which gives rise to 120° C–C–O and O–C–O angles. Unlike amides, esters are structurally flexible functional groups because rotation about the C–O–C bonds has a low barrier. Their flexibility and low polarity is manifested in their physical properties; they tend to be less rigid (lower melting point) and more volatile (lower boiling point) than the corresponding amides. Recommanded Product: Glyceryl monostearate

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Formula Development of Red Palm (Elaeis guineensis) Fruit Extract Loaded with Solid Lipid Nanoparticles Containing Creams and Its Anti-Aging Efficacy in Healthy Volunteers was written by Plyduang, Thipapun;Atipairin, Apichart;Sae Yoon, Attawadee;Sermkaew, Namfa;Sakdiset, Pajaree;Sawatdee, Somchai. And the article was included in Cosmetics in 2022.Recommanded Product: Glyceryl monostearate The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Palm fruits (Elaeis guineensis) comprise antioxidants that can be used as skin care agents. This study developed a cosmeceutical cream containing E. guineensis extract, loaded with solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs), and assessed its efficacy on female volunteers. The E. guineensis extract exhibited a good antioxidant activity with high levels of vitamin E, β-carotene, and palmitic acid. Day and night creams containing E. guineensis fruit extract, loaded with SLNs, were formulated and exhibited acceptable phys. characteristics and good stability. Subsequently, their clin. efficacy and safety were evaluated on female volunteers. Both creams were non-irritating and had good cutaneous compatibility. Skin hydration, transepidermal water loss (TEWL), skin elasticity, melanin index, and skin texture were measured before and 30 min after the first application, as well as after 7, 14, and 30 days of daily application. A satisfactory survey was implemented using a questionnaire, and volunteer satisfaction scores were high for the product’s performance. Overall, the results showed that skin hydration, TEWL, cutaneous elasticity, and melanin index were improved, compared to the baseline data, after 30 days. Thus, the formulated facial day and night creams made the skin moist, reduced wrinkles, increased elasticity, and cleared the skin to the consumers’ satisfaction. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Glyceryl monostearate (cas: 31566-31-1Recommanded Product: Glyceryl monostearate).

Glyceryl monostearate (cas: 31566-31-1) belongs to esters. Carboxylic acid esters of low molecular weight are colourless, volatile liquids with pleasant odours, slightly soluble in water. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides alcoholysis is another way to produce esters. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with alcohols to produce esters. Anydrous conditions are recommended since both acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with water.Recommanded Product: Glyceryl monostearate

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Chemical constituents of the goat margarine and antibacterial activity against bacterial Pathogens in Sudan was written by Abbas, Rasha Khalid. And the article was included in Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology in 2019.Category: esters-buliding-blocks The following contents are mentioned in the article:

The margarine constituents were examined by Gas Chromatog.-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS), it contained 41 compounds, fifteen of them were identified as the major compound, Hexadecanoic acid, Me ester (22.39%), Me stearate (14.92%), Me elaidate (13.80%), Me tetradecanoate (10.74%), Capric acid, Me ester (8.34%) Lauric acid (4.52%) Me octanoate (2.70%), linoleic acid Me ester (2.57%), Me 11-octadecenoate (1.90%), Me caproate (1.77%), Me pentadecanoate (1.72%), Me (8E,11E)-8,11-octadecadienoate (1.70%), Heptadecanoic acid, Me ester, (1.46%),trans-13-Octadecenoic acid, Me ester (Oleic acid) (1.20%), Me palmioleate (1.00%). The effect of goat margarine, against four different pathogenic bacteria Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhimurium, and Bacillus cereus, were carried out by using a disk diffusion technique, the highest antibacterial activity was detected against Salmonella typhimurium and the lowest one against Escherichia coli. The antibacterial activity of the antibiotics, (Ciprofloxacin, Tetracycline Ceftriaxone, Chloramphenicol and Gentamycin), were tested by the disk diffusion technique, and by measuring zones of inhibition, shows that there were differences, among all antibiotic the highest activity of antibiotic against bacteria was due to the action of ciprofloxacin. Ceftriaxone and Tetracycline antibiotic give lowest activity. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Methyl nonadecanoate (cas: 1731-94-8Category: esters-buliding-blocks).

Methyl nonadecanoate (cas: 1731-94-8) belongs to esters. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides alcoholysis is another way to produce esters. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with alcohols to produce esters. Anydrous conditions are recommended since both acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with water.Category: esters-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics