Tag: 300-400

Structural characterization of hydrogel-oleogel biphasic systems as affected by oleogelators was written by Yang, Jingyi;Zheng, Hongxia;Mo, Yunfan;Gao, Yanxiang;Mao, Like. And the article was included in Food Research International in 2022.Recommanded Product: Glyceryl monostearate The following contents are mentioned in the article:

This work developed novel bi-phasic gel systems containing a hydrogel (κ-carrageenan) and an oleogel, and investigated the roles of different oleogelators (glycerol monostearate-GMS and beeswax-BW) on the structures of the bigels. Stable bigels were obtained via a facile blending approach by carefully controlling the mixing temperature Microstructural observation indicated that GMS-based bigels were of oil-in-water type, and BW-based bigels were of water-in-oil type. In GMS-based bigels, both water holding capacity and oil holding capacity after freeze-thawing were enhanced with the increase in GMS content. The bigel with 8% (weight/weight) GMS had water holding capacity and oil holding capacity of 94.81% and 93.13%, resp. In BW-based bigels, oil holding capacity was also increased (from 36.98% to 88.39%), but separation of oleogel and hydrogel was detected after centrifugation. Textural and rheol. anal. revealed that gel strength of the bigels were gradually increased with the increase in oleogelator content, and BW-based bigels were much stronger than GMS-based ones. Moreover, BW-based bigels had higher relaxation degree. DSC anal. found that thermodn. stability of the bigels were increased with the increase in oleogelator content. Temperature sweep rheol. anal. indicated that GMS-based bigels were not able to fully recover their original structure and gel strength after heating-cooling cycle due to the nature of the crystals formed in bigels. This study offered profound structural information about the bigels as affected by different oleogelators, which was also useful for the development of novel functional products. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Glyceryl monostearate (cas: 31566-31-1Recommanded Product: Glyceryl monostearate).

Glyceryl monostearate (cas: 31566-31-1) belongs to esters. Carboxylic acid esters of low molecular weight are colourless, volatile liquids with pleasant odours, slightly soluble in water. Esters contain a carbonyl center, which gives rise to 120° C–C–O and O–C–O angles. Unlike amides, esters are structurally flexible functional groups because rotation about the C–O–C bonds has a low barrier. Their flexibility and low polarity is manifested in their physical properties; they tend to be less rigid (lower melting point) and more volatile (lower boiling point) than the corresponding amides. Recommanded Product: Glyceryl monostearate

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Chemical composition, phenolic content and antioxidant capacity of Haloxylon scoparium extracts was written by Haida, S.;Kribii, A.. And the article was included in South African Journal of Botany in 2020.SDS of cas: 1731-94-8 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

This work is part of the valorization of the Haloxylon scoparium plant, belonging to the Chenopodiaceae family and native to southeastern of Morocco. The aim of the present work is to study the chem. composition of this plant, to estimate the phenolic compounds contents of its extracts and to evaluate their antioxidant powers. After extraction by maceration of the aerial and root part of Haloxylon scoparium, the extracts obtained are fractionated by liquid-liquid extraction using solvents of different polarities. The best extraction yield is obtained in the aerial part 23.54% against 10.99% for the root part. The anal. carried out by the coupling of gas chromatog. with mass spectrometry (GC-MS) shows that the root part contains mainly carbohydrates, however the aerial part consists mainly of alkaloids. The total polyphenol content obtained in the root part 69.86 mg/gEAG (mg/g of gallic acid) is significantly higher than that in the aerial part 56.79 mg/g EAG. The hydrolysable tannins are the predominant polyphenols of the root part of Haloxylon scoparium corresponding to 83.87 mg/g EAT (mg/g of tannic acid). The antioxidant activity of the various extracts obtained is evaluated by two methods: the DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl) free radical scavenging test and the ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP). The examination of the inhibitory concentration values shows that the butanolic extract of the root part is the most active with values of IC₅₀ = 0.06 mg/mL and IC_0.5 = 0.19 mg/mL resp. for the DPPH and FRAP tests. The other extracts also showed a very interesting potential as antioxidants. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Methyl nonadecanoate (cas: 1731-94-8SDS of cas: 1731-94-8).

Methyl nonadecanoate (cas: 1731-94-8) belongs to esters. Esters perform as high-grade solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers, and are one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market. Polyesters are important plastics, with monomers linked by ester moieties. Esters contain a carbonyl center, which gives rise to 120° C–C–O and O–C–O angles. Unlike amides, esters are structurally flexible functional groups because rotation about the C–O–C bonds has a low barrier. Their flexibility and low polarity is manifested in their physical properties; they tend to be less rigid (lower melting point) and more volatile (lower boiling point) than the corresponding amides. SDS of cas: 1731-94-8

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Protective effect of surfactant modified phytosterol oleogels on loaded curcumin was written by Li, Junhua;Zhai, Jiali;Chang, Cuihua;Yang, Yanjun;Drummond, Calum J.;Conn, Charlotte E.. And the article was included in Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture.Category: esters-buliding-blocks The following contents are mentioned in the article:

BACKGROUND : Oleogels represent one of the most important carriers for the delivery of lipophilic nutraceuticals. Phytosterols (PS), plant-derived natural sterol compounds, are preferred for oleogel preparation due to their self-assembly properties and health function. However, the relationship between the phys. properties of PS-based oleogels and the chem. stability of loaded bioactive compounds is still unclear. RESULTS : The influence of lecithin (LC) and glycerol monostearate (GMS) on the phys. properties of PS-based oleogels made of liquid coconut oil and the stability of curcumin as a model bioactive loaded in the oleogels was investigated. Results showed that the flow consistency index was much higher for GMS-containing oleogels than that for LC-containing oleogels. The optical microscopy and X-ray scattering anal. showed that the addition of GMS in the PS oleogels promoted the formation of a crystal mixture with different crystal polymorph structures, whereas LC addition promoted the formation of needle-like crystals of PS. Using curcumin as a model lipophilic nutraceutical, the GMS-enriched PS oleogels with high crystallinity and flow consistency index exhibited a good retention ratio and scavenging activity of the loaded curcumin when stored at room temperature CONCLUSION : This study shows that enhancing the firmness of oleogels made from PS and liquid coconut oil is beneficial to the retention and chem. stability of a loaded bioactive (curcumin). The findings of the study will boost the development of PS-based oleogel formulations for lipophilic nutraceutical delivery. 2022 Society of Chem. Industry. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Glyceryl monostearate (cas: 31566-31-1Category: esters-buliding-blocks).

Glyceryl monostearate (cas: 31566-31-1) belongs to esters. Esters typically have a pleasant smell; those of low molecular weight are commonly used as fragrances and are found in essential oils and pheromones. Liquid esters of low volatility serve as softening agents for resins and plastics. Esters also include many industrially important polymers. Polymethyl methacrylate is a glass substitute sold under the names Lucite and Plexiglas; polyethylene terephthalate is used as a film (Mylar) and as textile fibres sold as Terylene, Fortrel, and Dacron.Category: esters-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

In Vitro and In Vivo Antiviral Studies of New Heteroannulated 1,2,3-Triazole Glycosides Targeting the Neuraminidase of Influenza A Viruses was written by Kutkat, Omnia;Kandeil, Ahmed;Moatasim, Yassmin;Elshaier, Yaseen A. M. M.;El-Sayed, Wael A.;Gaballah, Samir T.;El Taweel, Ahmed;Kamel, Mina Nabil;El Sayes, Mohamed;Ramadan, Mohammed A.;El-Shesheny, Rabeh;Abdel-Megeid, Farouk M. E.;Webby, Richard;Kayali, Ghazi;Ali, Mohamed A.. And the article was included in Pharmaceuticals in 2022.Computed Properties of C16H22O11 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

There is an urgent need to develop and synthesize new anti-influenza drugs with activity against different strains, resistance to mutations, and suitability for various populations. Herein, we tested in vitro and in vivo the antiviral activity of new 1,2,3-triazole glycosides incorporating benzimidazole, benzooxazole, or benzotriazole cores synthesized by using a click approach. The Cu-catalyzation strategy consisted of 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of the azidoalkyl derivative of the resp. heterocyclic and different glycosyl acetylenes with five or six carbon sugar moieties. The antiviral activity of the synthesized glycosides against wild-type and neuraminidase inhibitor resistant strains of the avian influenza H5N1 and human influenza H1N1 viruses was high in vitro and in mice. Structure-activity relationship studies showed that varying the glycosyl moiety in the synthesized glycosides enhanced antiviral activity. The compound (2R,3R,4S,5R)-2-((1-(Benzo[d]thiazol-2-ylmethyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)methoxy)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triyl triacetate (Compound 9c) had a 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) = 2.280 μM and a ligand lipophilic efficiency (LLE) of 6.84. The compound (2R,3R,4S,5R)-2-((1-((1H-Benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)methyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)methoxy)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triyl triacetate had IC50 = 2.75 μM and LLE = 7.3 after docking anal. with the H5N1 virus neuraminidase. Compound 9c achieved full protection from H1N1 infection and 80% protection from H5N1 in addition to a high binding energy with neuraminidase and was safe in vitro and in vivo. This compound is suitable for further clin. studies as a new neuraminidase inhibitor. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as (2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-6-(Acetoxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2,3,4,5-tetrayl tetraacetate (cas: 604-69-3Computed Properties of C16H22O11).

(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-6-(Acetoxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2,3,4,5-tetrayl tetraacetate (cas: 604-69-3) belongs to esters. Volatile esters with characteristic odours are used in synthetic flavours, perfumes, and cosmetics. Certain volatile esters are used as solvents for lacquers, paints, and varnishes. Esterification is the general name for a chemical reaction in which two reactants (typically an alcohol and an acid) form an ester as the reaction product. Esters are common in organic chemistry and biological materials.Computed Properties of C16H22O11

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Metabolomics analysis of the potential toxicological mechanisms of diquat dibromide herbicide in adult zebrafish (Danio rerio) liver was written by Xiao, Ye;Lin, Xiang;Zhou, Meilan;Ren, Tianyu;Gao, Ruili;Liu, Zhongqun;Shen, Wenjing;Wang, Rong;Xie, Xi;Song, Yanting;Hu, Wenting. And the article was included in Fish Physiology and Biochemistry in 2022.Recommanded Product: Glyceryl monostearate The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Although diquat is a widely used water-soluble herbicide in the world, its sublethal adverse effects to fish have not been well characterised. In this study, histopathol. examination and biochem. assays were applied to assess hepatotoxicity and combined with gas chromatog.-mass spectrometry (GC-MS)-based metabolomics anal. to reveal overall metabolic mechanisms in the liver of zebrafish (Danio rerio) after diquat exposure at concentrations of 0.34 and 1.69 mg·L-1 for 21 days. Results indicated that 1.69 mg·L-1 diquat exposure caused cellular vacuolisation and degeneration with nuclear abnormality and led to the disturbance of antioxidative system and dysfunction in the liver. No evident pathol. injury was detected, and changes in liver biochem. were not obvious in the fish exposed to 0.34 mg·L-1 diquat. Multivariate statistical anal. revealed differences between profiles obtained by GC-MS spectrometry from control and two treatment groups. A total of 17 and 22 metabolites belonging to different classes were identified following exposure to 0.34 and 1.69 mg·L-1 diquat, resp. The metabolic changes in the liver of zebrafish are mainly manifested as inhibition of energy metabolism, disorders of amino acid metabolism and reduction of antioxidant capacity caused by 1.69 mg·L-1 diquat exposure. The energy metabolism of zebrafish exposed to 0.34 mg·L-1 diquat was more inclined to rely on anaerobic glycolysis than that of normal zebrafish, and interference effects on lipid metabolism were observed The metabolomics approach provided an innovative perspective to explore possible hepatic damages on fish induced by diquat as a basis for further research. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Glyceryl monostearate (cas: 31566-31-1Recommanded Product: Glyceryl monostearate).

Glyceryl monostearate (cas: 31566-31-1) belongs to esters. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits. Esters contain a carbonyl center, which gives rise to 120° C–C–O and O–C–O angles. Unlike amides, esters are structurally flexible functional groups because rotation about the C–O–C bonds has a low barrier. Their flexibility and low polarity is manifested in their physical properties; they tend to be less rigid (lower melting point) and more volatile (lower boiling point) than the corresponding amides. Recommanded Product: Glyceryl monostearate

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Evaluation of Structural Behavior in the Process Dynamics of Oleogel-Based Tender Dough Products was written by Tanislav, Anda E.;Puscas, Andreea;Paucean, Adriana;Muresan, Andruta E.;Semeniuc, Cristina A.;Muresan, Vlad;Mudura, Elena. And the article was included in Gels in 2022.Quality Control of Glyceryl monostearate The following contents are mentioned in the article:

The current trend is represented by replacing solid fats with structured liquid oil while maintaining the plastic properties of food products. In this study, the behavior of refined sunflower oil structured with various agents (carnauba wax-CRW, β-sitosterol:beeswax-BS:BW, β-sitosterol:lecithin-BS:LEC, and glycerol monostearate-GM) was evaluated in the process dynamics of oleogel-based tender dough products. The oleogel with the mixture of β-sitosterol:beeswax (OG_BS:BW) displayed the highest capacity to retain oil inside the matrix with a percentage of oil loss as low as 0.05% and also had a significantly higher hardness (6.37 N) than the reference, a com. margarine (MR-3.58 N). During cooling from 90 to 4°C, the increase in oleogel’ viscosity results from oleogelator’s liquid-solid phase transition. As demonstrated by the frequency sweeps performed, storage modulus G’ was higher than loss modulus G”, no cross-over points were observed, and the strongest gel network was for the oleogel with glycerol monostearate (OG_GM). Regarding the dough, the sample prepared using the oleogel with carnauba wax (D_CRW) showed the strongest hardness (92.49 N) compared to the reference (D_MR-21.80 N). All the oleogel-containing doughs had elastic solid-like behavior. The samples with margarine (D_MR) and the mixture of β-sitosterol:lecithin (D_BS:LEC) presented the lowest value of both moduli of G’ and G” during the frequency sweep. The biscuits formulated with com. margarine (B_MR) registered a hardness of 28.74 N. Samples with oleogels showed a specific tenderness for tender dough products, thus being suitable for this type of product (11.22-20.97 N). This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Glyceryl monostearate (cas: 31566-31-1Quality Control of Glyceryl monostearate).

Glyceryl monostearate (cas: 31566-31-1) belongs to esters. Esters are also usually derived from carboxylic acids. It may also be obtained by reaction of acid anhydride or acid halides with alcohols or by the reaction of salts of carboxylic acids with alkyl halides. Esterification is the general name for a chemical reaction in which two reactants (typically an alcohol and an acid) form an ester as the reaction product. Esters are common in organic chemistry and biological materials.Quality Control of Glyceryl monostearate

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Newly Synthesized Thymol Derivative and Its Effect on Colorectal Cancer Cells was written by Blazickova, Michaela;Blasko, Jaroslav;Kubinec, Robert;Kozics, Katarina. And the article was included in Molecules in 2022.SDS of cas: 604-69-3 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Thymol affects various types of tumor cell lines, including colorectal cancer cells. However, the hydrophobic properties of thymol prevent its wider use. Therefore, new derivatives (acetic acid thymol ester, thymol β-D-glucoside) have been synthesized with respect to hydrophilic properties. The cytotoxic effect of the new derivatives on the colorectal cancer cell lines HT-29 and HCT-116 was assessed via MTT assay. The genotoxic effect was determined by comet assay and micronucleus anal. ROS production was evaluated using ROS-Glo^TM H₂O₂ Assay. We confirmed that one of the thymol derivatives (acetic acid thymol ester) has the potential to have a cyto/genotoxic effect on colorectal cancer cells, even at much lower (IC₅₀∼0.08μg/mL) concentrations than standard thymol (IC₅₀∼60μg/mL) after 24 h of treatment. On the other side, the genotoxic effect of the second studied derivative-thymol β-D-glucoside was observed at a concentration of about 1000μg/mL. The antiproliferative effect of studied derivatives of thymol on the colorectal cancer cell lines was found to be both dose- and time-dependent at 100 h. Moreover, thymol derivative-treated cells did not show any significantly increased rate of micronuclei formation. New derivatives of thymol significantly increased ROS production too. The results confirmed that the effect of the derivative on tumor cells depends on its chem. structure, but further detailed research is needed. However, thymol and its derivatives have great potential in the prevention and treatment of colorectal cancer, which remains one of the most common cancers in the world. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as (2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-6-(Acetoxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2,3,4,5-tetrayl tetraacetate (cas: 604-69-3SDS of cas: 604-69-3).

(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-6-(Acetoxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2,3,4,5-tetrayl tetraacetate (cas: 604-69-3) belongs to esters. Esters typically have a pleasant smell; those of low molecular weight are commonly used as fragrances and are found in essential oils and pheromones. Cyclic esters are called lactones, regardless of whether they are derived from an organic or inorganic acid. One example of an organic lactone is γ-valerolactone.SDS of cas: 604-69-3

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Effects of crude oil composition on the ASP flooding: A case from Saertu, Xingshugang and Lamadian Oilfield in Daqing was written by Sun, Zhe;Kang, Xiaodong;Lu, Xiangguo;Li, Qiang;Jiang, Weidong. And the article was included in Colloids and Surfaces, A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects in 2018.SDS of cas: 1731-94-8 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

In order to evaluate reservoir adaptability of the ASP (alkali/surfactant/polymer) system, its field tests have been carried out in Saertu, Xingshugang and Lamadian Oilfield of Daqing. The results show that crude oil compositions have a great effect on the agent concentration in produced liquid and oil recovery increment. Therefore, this paper researches crude oil composition of three oilfields in Daqing, and the interaction between oil and ASP system. The effect of crude oil compositions on the oil recovery increment and the properties of produced liquid are also further studied. Results show that, the active components of crude oil from three oilfields have the peak feature of typical saturated monocarboxylic acids (fatty acid and naphthenic acid). And there are larger types of organic acids in Lamadian oil active components, from nonane acid to nonacosane acid. In addition, the content of n-alkanes with high carbon component in Lamadian raffinate is larger, and its composition is closer to that of heavy alkylbenzene sulfonate. After the interaction between various crude oil and ASP system, the partition coefficients of surfactant and alkali in Lamadian oil is higher. Besides that, the interfacial tension between ASP system and active components or raffinate are both higher. However, there is ultra-low interfacial tension between ASP system and crude oil. This indicates that synergistic effect exists among the colloid and asphaltene in crude oil and surfactant component, which jointly promotes the substantial decrease in interfacial tension. Furthermore, the field tests have proved the results of laboratory phys. simulation experiments This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Methyl nonadecanoate (cas: 1731-94-8SDS of cas: 1731-94-8).

Methyl nonadecanoate (cas: 1731-94-8) belongs to esters. Esters perform as high-grade solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers, and are one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market. Esters contain a carbonyl center, which gives rise to 120° C–C–O and O–C–O angles. Unlike amides, esters are structurally flexible functional groups because rotation about the C–O–C bonds has a low barrier. Their flexibility and low polarity is manifested in their physical properties; they tend to be less rigid (lower melting point) and more volatile (lower boiling point) than the corresponding amides. SDS of cas: 1731-94-8

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Humic acids alleviate the toxicity of reduced graphene oxide modified by nanosized palladium in microalgae was written by Li, Xiaokang;Yan, Yan;Li, Xiaoqiang;Mu, Li;Zhao, Jingqi;Yao, Mingqi;Hu, Xiangang. And the article was included in Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety in 2022.Safety of Glyceryl monostearate The following contents are mentioned in the article:

The use of graphene-family materials modified by nanosized palladium (Pd/GFMs) has intensified rapidly in various fields; however, the effects of environmental factors (e.g., natural organic matter (NOM)) on the transformation and ecotoxicity of Pd/GFMs remain largely unknown. In this study, reduced graphene oxide modified by nanosized Pd (Pd/rGO) was incubated with humic acid (HA) under light irradiation for 56 d to explore the effects of NOM on the physicochem. transformations (e.g., defects, surface charges and dispersity) and biol. toxicity (e.g., growth inhibition, oxidative stress and ultrastructural damage on algae cells) of Pd/GFMs. The results revealed that HA increased the defects and dispersity of Pd/rGO. Growth inhibition, damage to cellular ultrastructures, and oxidative stress in microalgae cells were induced by Pd/rGO, and corresponding defense responses (e.g., superoxide dismutase, peroxidase and glutathione) were activated. HA diminished the above defense responses in microalgae triggered by Pd/rGO by regulating GSH metabolism and the alanine biosynthesis pathway. In the presence of HA, cell wall damage (i.e., hole formation) caused by exposure to Pd/rGO was restored, and the plasmolysis area was reduced by 28.6%. In addition, growth inhibition, lipid peroxidation, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and ROS formation induced by 1.0 mg/L MoS2NPs were decreased by 1.4-65.6%, 13.9-26.1%, 21.8-58.3% and 9.6-16.1%, resp. These findings highlight the need to consider the effects of HA on the environmental transformation and biol. toxicity of Pd/GFMs, which presents significant implications for the management of Pd/GFMs. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Glyceryl monostearate (cas: 31566-31-1Safety of Glyceryl monostearate).

Glyceryl monostearate (cas: 31566-31-1) belongs to esters. Carboxylic acid esters of low molecular weight are colourless, volatile liquids with pleasant odours, slightly soluble in water. Many esters have the potential for conformational isomerism, but they tend to adopt an s-cis (or Z) conformation rather than the s-trans (or E) alternative, due to a combination of hyperconjugation and dipole minimization effects. The preference for the Z conformation is influenced by the nature of the substituents and solvent, if present. Lactones with small rings are restricted to the s-trans (i.e. E) conformation due to their cyclic structure.Safety of Glyceryl monostearate

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Brain targeting of venlafaxine HCl as a hydrophilic agent prepared through green lipid nanotechnology was written by Saeedi, Majid;Morteza-Semnani, Katayoun;Akbari, Jafar;Siahposht-Khachaki, Ali;Firouzi, Marzie;Goodarzi, Amin;Abootorabi, Shidrokh;Babaei, Amirhossein;Hassan Hashemi, Seyyed Mohammad;Nokhodchi, Ali. And the article was included in Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology in 2021.Recommanded Product: 31566-31-1 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

This study aimed to improve venlafaxine HCl brain delivery using solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) made by an ultrasonication method. The impact of the ratio of two surfactants (Tween:Span) on nanoparticle behaviors and their efficiency was examined to achieve optimal brain delivery for venlafaxine. To study the solid-state of venlafaxine in SLNs and detect any potential interactions between the drug and other formulation excipients, PCS, TEM, ATR-FTIR, and DSC were employed. By reducing the HLB (Hydrophilic-lipophilic balance) of the binary surfactants, the particle size of SLN increased. The optimized nanoparticles showed an average particle size of 311.33 ±9.29 nm when the HLB of the ratio of the surfactants (Tween:Span) was adjusted to 8. The zeta potential of SLNs decreased from -15.90 ± 0.70 to -6.95±0.42 mV when the HLB of the system was reduced from 14 to 8. According to the results, the highest entrapment efficiency of 76.05 ±1.42% was observed for the formulation with the largest particle size and the lowest HLB value (HLB 8). DSC anal. showed that venlafaxine was in an amorphous state in SLN. The findings of the ATR-FTIR also excluded any chem. interactions between excipients and the drug. Venlafaxine-SLN had a prolonged release pattern, according to the in vitro diffusion process. Venlafaxine oral absorption from SLN was also substantially higher than venlafaxine solution after single-dose oral administration of venlafaxine preparations This research demonstrated that the venlafaxine-SLN might be employed as a potential nano-vehicle for venlafaxine brain delivery and potentially opens up new avenues for depression treatment. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Glyceryl monostearate (cas: 31566-31-1Recommanded Product: 31566-31-1).

Glyceryl monostearate (cas: 31566-31-1) belongs to esters. Volatile esters with characteristic odours are used in synthetic flavours, perfumes, and cosmetics. Certain volatile esters are used as solvents for lacquers, paints, and varnishes. Cyclic esters are called lactones, regardless of whether they are derived from an organic or inorganic acid. One example of an organic lactone is γ-valerolactone.Recommanded Product: 31566-31-1

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics