Tag: 300-400

Rabies virus glycoprotein- and transferrin-functionalized liposomes to elevate epigallocatechin gallate and FK506 activity and mediate MAPK against neuronal apoptosis in Parkinson′s disease was written by Kuo, Yung-Chih;Feng, Kuo-Chen;Rajesh, Rajendiran. And the article was included in Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers in 2022.Reference of 31566-31-1 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

The difficulty of drugs to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) to reach specific sites and target multiple factors responsible for neurovegetative diseases necessitates the development of an effective drug delivery system. Rabies virus glycoprotein (RVG)- and transferrin (Tf)-grafted liposomes were constructed to deliver epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and FK506 to BBB against neurodegeneration for Parkinson′s disease (PD) treatment. Surface RVG and Tf revealed substantial improvement in BBB permeability of EGCG and FK506, and incorporation of phosphatidy-l-serine (PS) in RVG-Tf-EGCG-FK506-liposomes ameliorated α-synuclein docking. EGCG and FK506-encapsulated liposomes decreased cytotoxicity to 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium-impacted neurons. Immunofluorescence and western blot studies demonstrated better activity of RVG-Tf-EGCG-FK506-PS-liposomes in suppressing Bax, α-synuclein, caspase-3, p-tau protein, p-p38, p-ERK1/2 and p-cJNK expressions, and in increasing Bcl-2, tyrosine hydroxylase, dopamine transporter, p-CREB and p-ERK5 expressions. Multi-targeted RVG-Tf-PS-liposomes advantaged BBB permeation and contributed to neuroprotective effect to promote the efficiency of EGCG and FK506 in PD management. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Glyceryl monostearate (cas: 31566-31-1Reference of 31566-31-1).

Glyceryl monostearate (cas: 31566-31-1) belongs to esters. Volatile esters with characteristic odours are used in synthetic flavours, perfumes, and cosmetics. Certain volatile esters are used as solvents for lacquers, paints, and varnishes. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides alcoholysis is another way to produce esters. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with alcohols to produce esters. Anydrous conditions are recommended since both acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with water.Reference of 31566-31-1

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Quantitative structure vasodilatory activity relationship – synthesis and “in silico” and “in vitro” evaluation of resveratrol-coumarin hybrids was written by Vilar, Santiago;Quezada, Elias;Alcaide, Carlos;Orallo, Francisco;Santana, Lourdes;Uriarte, Eugenio. And the article was included in QSAR & Combinatorial Science in 2007.Application In Synthesis of 4-Acetamidophenyl 2-acetoxybenzoate The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Three theor. models have been developed for the prediction of vasodilatory activity through a series of 2-D mol. descriptors. A database of 501 compounds was selected from the literature and, of these compounds, 86 have vasodilatory activity. The QSAR models are capable of differentiating between active and inactive compounds with a level of classification greater than 80%. The models were used to predict the activity of a series of coumarins derived from resveratrol (a natural compound that is present in wine and has good vasodilatory activity) and led to the synthesis of three selected mols. The synthesis of the resveratrol-coumarin hybrids was efficiently achieved through a straight-forward and direct route, and their vasodilatory activities were determined exptl. in rat aorta rings that were pretreated with noradrenaline. The theor. results (“in silico” evaluation) show very good agreement with the exptl. data (“in vitro” evaluation), which provide evidence of the reliability of the theor. calculations and show their applicability in the rational design of new compounds The compound predicted by the three models to be active (compound 6) was confirmed to be the more active than trans-resveratrol. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 4-Acetamidophenyl 2-acetoxybenzoate (cas: 5003-48-5Application In Synthesis of 4-Acetamidophenyl 2-acetoxybenzoate).

4-Acetamidophenyl 2-acetoxybenzoate (cas: 5003-48-5) belongs to esters. Volatile esters with characteristic odours are used in synthetic flavours, perfumes, and cosmetics. Certain volatile esters are used as solvents for lacquers, paints, and varnishes. Esters contain a carbonyl center, which gives rise to 120° C–C–O and O–C–O angles. Unlike amides, esters are structurally flexible functional groups because rotation about the C–O–C bonds has a low barrier. Their flexibility and low polarity is manifested in their physical properties; they tend to be less rigid (lower melting point) and more volatile (lower boiling point) than the corresponding amides. Application In Synthesis of 4-Acetamidophenyl 2-acetoxybenzoate

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Experimental study on expended energy on structural degradation of lubricating greases was written by Ahme, Leif;Kuhn, Erik;Delgado Canto, Miguel Angel. And the article was included in Tribology Letters in 2022.Name: Glyceryl monostearate The following contents are mentioned in the article:

One of the keystones of tribol. studies is the energetical approach to the lubrication process. In the particular case of lubricating greases, part of the lubrication process energy dissipates due to a shear-induced structural rearrangement of the 3D network of the thickening agent dispersed in the base oil. This fact confers them a particular consistency, mech. stability, rheol., and tribol. behavior. In this research work, we investigate the mech. structural degradation induced by shear stress applied in rheol. tests (rotational and oscillation mode) and the influence of thickener (type and composition) and base oil on both the degradation process and the expended mech. energies. For this purpose, lithium, calcium and polyurea-based greases of NLGI grade 2 were used. These greases have been manufactured with a different base oil (mineral, synthetic and vegetable oils) and kinematic viscosity of 48 or 240 mm²/s. Some biogenic greases were also included in this research. The optical microscopy anal. revealed thickener particles-based agglomerates with different shapes and sizes that reduced notably, if not almost completely destroyed, after stress. Due to the thickener particles-based agglomerates distribution, significant differences in the shear-induced frictional energy inside the bulk grease during the shear process were detected. The size of agglomerates depended on both the thickener content and the base oil viscosity and not the type of base oil. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Glyceryl monostearate (cas: 31566-31-1Name: Glyceryl monostearate).

Glyceryl monostearate (cas: 31566-31-1) belongs to esters. Carboxylic acid esters of low molecular weight are colourless, volatile liquids with pleasant odours, slightly soluble in water. Esterification is the general name for a chemical reaction in which two reactants (typically an alcohol and an acid) form an ester as the reaction product. Esters are common in organic chemistry and biological materials.Name: Glyceryl monostearate

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Molecular networking based dereplication of AChE inhibitory compounds from the medicinal plant Vincetoxicum funebre (Boiss. & Kotschy) was written by Abbas-Mohammadi, Mahdi;Moridi Farimani, Mahdi;Salehi, Peyman;Ebrahimi, Samad Nejad;Sonboli, Ali;Kelso, Celine;Skropeta, Danielle. And the article was included in Journal of Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics in 2022.Electric Literature of C21H44O5 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Alzheimer′s disease (AD) is a devastating neurodegenerative disease affecting 47 million people worldwide. While acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors such as donepezil and galantamine are leading drugs in the symptomatic treatment of AD, new AChE inhibitors continue to be explored for improved potency and selectivity. Herein, a mol. networking approach using high resolution (HR-MS) and tandem mass spectrometry (MS²) has been used for rapid chem. profiling of an extract of the medicinal plant Vincetoxicum funebre Boiss. & Kotschy (Apocynaceae family) that was active against AChE. A total of 44 compounds were identified by combining the MN with traditional natural product methods, including the isolation and identification of five known compounds (13, 41-44) and a novel C₁₃-norisoprenoid (40). In addition, the potential inhibitory activity of all 44 compounds was evaluated against the AChE enzyme via mol. docking to provide further support to the proposed structures. The glycosylated flavonoid querciturone (31) exhibited the highest affinity with a docking score value of -13.43 kJ/mol. Another five compounds showed stronger docking scores against AChE than the clin. used donepezil including the most active isolated compound daucosterol (44), with a binding affinity of -10.11 kJ/mol towards AChE. These findings broaden our understanding of Vincetoxicum metabolites and highlight the potential of glycosylated flavonoids as AChE inhibitors. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Glyceryl monostearate (cas: 31566-31-1Electric Literature of C21H44O5).

Glyceryl monostearate (cas: 31566-31-1) belongs to esters. Esters are also usually derived from carboxylic acids. It may also be obtained by reaction of acid anhydride or acid halides with alcohols or by the reaction of salts of carboxylic acids with alkyl halides. Esterification is the general name for a chemical reaction in which two reactants (typically an alcohol and an acid) form an ester as the reaction product. Esters are common in organic chemistry and biological materials.Electric Literature of C21H44O5

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Toxicological Screening with Formula-Based Metabolite Identification by Liquid Chromatography/Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry was written by Pelander, Anna;Ojanperae, Ilkka;Laks, Suvi;Rasanen, Ilpo;Vuori, Erkki. And the article was included in Analytical Chemistry in 2003.Quality Control of 4-Acetamidophenyl 2-acetoxybenzoate The following contents are mentioned in the article:

An anal. procedure was evaluated for the comprehensive toxicol. screening of drugs, metabolites, and pesticides in 1-mL urine samples by TurboIon spray liquid chromatog./time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC/TOFMS) in the pos. ionization mode and continuous mass measurement. The substance database consisted of exact monoisotopic masses for 637 compounds, of which an LC retention time was available for 392. A macroprogram was refined for extracting the data into a legible report, utilizing metabolic patterns and preset identification criteria. These criteria included ±30 ppm mass tolerance, a ±0.2-min window for absolute retention time, if available, and a min. area count of 500. The limit of detection, determined for 90 compounds, was <0.1 mg/L for 73% of the compounds studied and >1.0 mg/L for 6% of the compounds For method comparisons, 50 successive autopsy urine samples were analyzed by this method, and the results confirmed by gas chromatog./mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Findings for parent drugs were consistent with both methods; in addition, LC/TOFMS regularly revealed apparently correct findings for metabolites not shown by GC/MS. Mean and median mass accuracy by LC/TOFMS was 7.6 and 5.4 ppm, resp. The procedure proved well-suited for tentative identification without reference substances. The few false positives emphasized the fact that all three parameters, exact mass, retention time, and metabolite pattern, are required for unequivocal identification. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 4-Acetamidophenyl 2-acetoxybenzoate (cas: 5003-48-5Quality Control of 4-Acetamidophenyl 2-acetoxybenzoate).

4-Acetamidophenyl 2-acetoxybenzoate (cas: 5003-48-5) belongs to esters. Esters perform as high-grade solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers, and are one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market. Esters contain a carbonyl center, which gives rise to 120° C–C–O and O–C–O angles. Unlike amides, esters are structurally flexible functional groups because rotation about the C–O–C bonds has a low barrier. Their flexibility and low polarity is manifested in their physical properties; they tend to be less rigid (lower melting point) and more volatile (lower boiling point) than the corresponding amides. Quality Control of 4-Acetamidophenyl 2-acetoxybenzoate

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Polystyrene microplastics inhibit the neurodevelopmental toxicity of mercury in zebrafish (Danio rerio) larvae with size-dependent effects was written by Wang, Jing;Wu, Jin;Cheng, Haodong;Wang, Yudi;Fang, Yanjun;Wang, Lei;Duan, Zhenghua. And the article was included in Environmental Pollution (Oxford, United Kingdom) in 2022.Recommanded Product: Glyceryl monostearate The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Insufficient evidence exists regarding the effects of microplastics (MPs) on the neuronal toxicity of heavy metals in the early stages of organisms. Herein, the effects of micro-polystyrene (μ-PS; 157 μm) and nano-polystyrene (n-PS; 100 nm) particles on the neurodevelopmental toxicity of mercury (Hg) in zebrafish embryos were compared. Zebrafish embryos exposed to Hg at the concentration of 0.1 mg L^-1 revealed blood disorders, delayed hatching, and malformations such as pericardial edema and tail deformity. The length of the larval head was significantly reduced (P < 0.01) and in vivo expression of atoh1a in the cerebellum of neuron-specific transgenic zebrafish Tg(atoh1a:dTomato) larvae was inhibited by 29.46% under the Hg treatment. Most of the toxic effects were inhibited by the combined exposure to μ-PS or n-PS with Hg, and n-PS decreased the neurodevelopmental toxicity of Hg more significantly than μ-PS. Metabolomic anal. revealed that in addition to inhibiting the amino acid metabolism pathway as in the μ-PS+Hg treatment, the n-PS+Hg treatment inhibited unsaturated fatty acid metabolism in zebrafish larvae, likely because of a greater reduction in Hg bioavailability, thus reducing the oxidative damage caused by Hg in the larvae. The combined effects of MPs and heavy metals differ greatly among different species and their targeted effects. We conclude that the combined toxicity mechanisms of MPs and heavy metals require further clarification. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Glyceryl monostearate (cas: 31566-31-1Recommanded Product: Glyceryl monostearate).

Glyceryl monostearate (cas: 31566-31-1) belongs to esters. Esters perform as high-grade solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers, and are one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market. Cyclic esters are called lactones, regardless of whether they are derived from an organic or inorganic acid. One example of an organic lactone is γ-valerolactone.Recommanded Product: Glyceryl monostearate

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Integrated extraction by percolation, distillation, and soxhlet extraction to separate bioactive and bioenergy compounds from spent coffee ground was written by Maimulyanti, Askal;Prihadi, Anton Restu. And the article was included in Rasayan Journal of Chemistry in 2022.Related Products of 1731-94-8 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

The spent coffee ground has potential compounds applied in food and bioenergy. In this study, an integrated extraction to sep. chem. compounds from the spent coffee ground was designed. Furthermore, the extraction apparatus was combined for percolation, distillation, and Soxhlet extraction The distillation technique produces flavored coffee, Soxhlet extraction separates coffee oil; while percolation produces the coffee extract Anal. of coffee aroma using distillation techniques obtained alpha furfuryl alc. (52.16%), Me pyrazine (15.63%), and 2.6-di-Me paradiazine (9.62%). Anal. of coffee extract using the percolation technique obtained antioxidant compounds with IC50 (56.61μg/mL), polyphenols (1.25 mg/g), caffeine (7.88%), chlorogenic acid (1.25%), and tannins (21.22%). Anal. of coffee oil using the Soxhlet extraction technique obtained Me ester compounds that have the potential for biodiesel such as linoleic acid Me ester (39.90%), palmitic acid Me ester (34.30%), oleic acid Me ester (8.74%), and stearic acid Me ester (8.66%). The integrated extraction has successfully separated many chem. components from spent coffee ground dan it has added value to be applied in food, beverage, pharmaceutical, and bioenergy. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Methyl nonadecanoate (cas: 1731-94-8Related Products of 1731-94-8).

Methyl nonadecanoate (cas: 1731-94-8) belongs to esters. Esters perform as high-grade solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers, and are one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market. Cyclic esters are called lactones, regardless of whether they are derived from an organic or inorganic acid. One example of an organic lactone is γ-valerolactone.Related Products of 1731-94-8

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Design, Synthesis, biological investigations and molecular interactions of triazole linked tacrine glycoconjugates as Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors with reduced hepatotoxicity was written by Kaur Gulati, Harmandeep;Choudhary, Sushil;Kumar, Nitish;Ahmed, Ajaz;Bhagat, Kavita;Vir Singh, Jatinder;Singh, Atamjit;Kumar, Ajay;Singh Bedi, Preet Mohinder;Singh, Harbinder;Mukherjee, Debaraj. And the article was included in Bioorganic Chemistry in 2022.Quality Control of (2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-6-(Acetoxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2,3,4,5-tetrayl tetraacetate The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Tacrine is a known Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors having hepatotoxicity as main liability associated with it. The present study aims to reduce its hepatotoxicity by synthesizing tacrine linked triazole glycoconjugates via Huisgen’s [3 + 2] cycloaddition of anomeric azides and terminal acetylenes derived from tacrine. A series of triazole based glycoconjugates containing both acetylated, e.g. I, and free sugar hydroxyl groups at the amino position of tacrine were synthesized in good yield taking aid from mol. docking studies and evaluated for their in vitro AChE inhibition activity as well as hepatotoxicity. All the hybrids were found to be non-toxic on HePG2 cell line at 200μM (100% cell viability) as compared to tacrine (35% cell viability) after 24 h of incubation period. Enzyme kinetic studies carried out for one of the potent hybrids in the series I (IC₅₀ 0.4μM) revealed its mixed inhibition approach. Thus, compound I can be used as principle template to further explore the mechanism of action of different targets involved in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) which stands as an adequate chem. probe to be launched in an AD drug discovery program. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as (2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-6-(Acetoxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2,3,4,5-tetrayl tetraacetate (cas: 604-69-3Quality Control of (2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-6-(Acetoxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2,3,4,5-tetrayl tetraacetate).

(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-6-(Acetoxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2,3,4,5-tetrayl tetraacetate (cas: 604-69-3) belongs to esters. Esters are also usually derived from carboxylic acids. It may also be obtained by reaction of acid anhydride or acid halides with alcohols or by the reaction of salts of carboxylic acids with alkyl halides. Many esters have the potential for conformational isomerism, but they tend to adopt an s-cis (or Z) conformation rather than the s-trans (or E) alternative, due to a combination of hyperconjugation and dipole minimization effects. The preference for the Z conformation is influenced by the nature of the substituents and solvent, if present. Lactones with small rings are restricted to the s-trans (i.e. E) conformation due to their cyclic structure.Quality Control of (2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-6-(Acetoxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2,3,4,5-tetrayl tetraacetate

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Characteristics and chemical compositions of propolis from Ethiopia was written by Rushdi, Ahmed I.;Adgaba, Nuru;Bayaqoob, Noofal I. M.;Al-Khazim, Ahmed;Simoneit, Bernd R. T.;El-Mubarak, Aarif H.;Al-Mutlaq, Khalid F.. And the article was included in SpringerPlus in 2014.Recommanded Product: 1731-94-8 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Introduction: Propolis is a sticky material mixed by honeybees to utilize it in protecting their hives from infection by bacteria and fungi. The therapeutic properties of propolis are due to its chem. composition with bio-active compounds; therefore, researchers are interested in studying its chem. constituents and biol. properties. The main objective of this study is to determine the chem. compositions, characteristics and relative concentrations of organic compounds in the extractable organic matter of propolis samples collected from four different areas in Ethiopia. Results: The propolis samples were extracted with a mixture of dichloromethane and methanol and analyzed by gas chromatog.-mass spectrometry (GC-MS).The results showed that the total extract yields ranged from 27.2% to 64.2% (46.7 ± 19.1%). The major compounds were triterpenoids (85.5 ± 15.0% of the total extracts, mainly α-, β-amyrins and amyryl acetates), n-alkanes (5.8 ± 7.5%), n-alkenes (6.2 ± 7.0%,), Me n-alkanoates (0.4 ± 0.2%), and long chain wax esters (0.3 to 2.1%). Conclusion: The chem. compositions of these propolis samples indicate that they are potential sources of natural bio-active compounds for biol. and pharmacol. applications. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Methyl nonadecanoate (cas: 1731-94-8Recommanded Product: 1731-94-8).

Methyl nonadecanoate (cas: 1731-94-8) belongs to esters. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits. Esters contain a carbonyl center, which gives rise to 120° C–C–O and O–C–O angles. Unlike amides, esters are structurally flexible functional groups because rotation about the C–O–C bonds has a low barrier. Their flexibility and low polarity is manifested in their physical properties; they tend to be less rigid (lower melting point) and more volatile (lower boiling point) than the corresponding amides. Recommanded Product: 1731-94-8

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Evaluation of glycolamide esters and various other esters of aspirin as true aspirin prodrugs was written by Moerk Nielsen, Niels;Bundgaard, Hans. And the article was included in Journal of Medicinal Chemistry in 1989.COA of Formula: C17H15NO5 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

A series of glycolamide, glycolate, (acyloxy)methyl, alkyl, and aryl esters of aspirin) were synthesized and evaluated as potential prodrug forms of aspirin, N,N-disubstituted glycolamide esters were rapidly hydrolyzed in human plasma, resulting in the formation of aspirin as well as the corresponding salicylate esters. These in turn hydrolyzed rapidly to salicylic acid. The largest amount of aspirin formed from the esters were 50 and 55% in case of the N,N-dimethyl- and N,N-diethylglycolamide esters, resp. Similar results were obtained in blood with the N,N-dimethyl- and N,N-diethylglycolamide esters. Unsubstituted and monosubstituted glycolamide esters as well as most other esters previously suggested to be aspirin prodrugs hydrolyzed exclusively to the corresponding salicylic acid esters. Lipophilicity parameters and water solubilities of the esters were determined, and structural factors favoring ester prodrug hydrolysis at the expense of deacetylation to yield salicylate ester are discussed. The properties of some N,N-disubstituted glycolamide esters of aspirin are highlighted with respect to their use as potential aspirin prodrugs. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 4-Acetamidophenyl 2-acetoxybenzoate (cas: 5003-48-5COA of Formula: C17H15NO5).

4-Acetamidophenyl 2-acetoxybenzoate (cas: 5003-48-5) belongs to esters. Esters are also usually derived from carboxylic acids. It may also be obtained by reaction of acid anhydride or acid halides with alcohols or by the reaction of salts of carboxylic acids with alkyl halides. Cyclic esters are called lactones, regardless of whether they are derived from an organic or inorganic acid. One example of an organic lactone is γ-valerolactone.COA of Formula: C17H15NO5

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics