Tag: 300-400

Radical S-Adenosyl Methionine Enzyme BlsE Catalyzes a Radical-Mediated 1,2-Diol Dehydration during the Biosynthesis of Blasticidin S was written by Lee, Yu-Hsuan;Hou, Xueli;Chen, Ridao;Feng, Jianqiang;Liu, Xiao;Ruszczycky, Mark W.;Gao, Jin-Ming;Wang, Binju;Zhou, Jiahai;Liu, Hung-wen. And the article was included in Journal of the American Chemical Society in 2022.COA of Formula: C16H22O11 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

The biosynthesis of blasticidin S has drawn attention due to the participation of the radical S-adenosyl methionine (SAM) enzyme BlsE. The original assignment of BlsE as a radical-mediated, redox-neutral decarboxylase is unusual because this reaction appears to serve no biosynthetic purpose and would need to be reversed by a subsequent carboxylation step. Furthermore, with the exception of BlsE, all other radical SAM decarboxylases reported to date are oxidative in nature. Careful anal. of the BlsE reaction, however, demonstrates that BlsE is not a decarboxylase but instead a lyase that catalyzes the dehydration of cytosylglucuronic acid (CGA) to form cytosyl-4′-keto-3′-deoxy-D-glucuronic acid, which can rapidly decarboxylate nonenzymically in vitro. Anal. of substrate isotopologs, fluorinated analogs, as well as computational models based on X-ray crystal structures of the BlsE·SAM (2.09 Å) and BlsE·SAM·CGA (2.62 Å) complexes suggests that BlsE catalysis likely proceeds via direct elimination of water from the CGA C4′ α-hydroxyalkyl radical as opposed to 1,2-migration of the C3′-hydroxyl prior to dehydration. Biosynthetic and mechanistic implications of the revised assignment of BlsE are discussed. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as (2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-6-(Acetoxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2,3,4,5-tetrayl tetraacetate (cas: 604-69-3COA of Formula: C16H22O11).

(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-6-(Acetoxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2,3,4,5-tetrayl tetraacetate (cas: 604-69-3) belongs to esters. Volatile esters with characteristic odours are used in synthetic flavours, perfumes, and cosmetics. Certain volatile esters are used as solvents for lacquers, paints, and varnishes. Many esters have the potential for conformational isomerism, but they tend to adopt an s-cis (or Z) conformation rather than the s-trans (or E) alternative, due to a combination of hyperconjugation and dipole minimization effects. The preference for the Z conformation is influenced by the nature of the substituents and solvent, if present. Lactones with small rings are restricted to the s-trans (i.e. E) conformation due to their cyclic structure.COA of Formula: C16H22O11

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Response Factor Correction for Estimation of Ester Content in Biodiesel was written by Singh, Dheer;Chopra, Anju;Kumar, Ravindra;Sastry, M. I. S.;Patel, M. B.;Basu, B.. And the article was included in Chromatographia in 2014.Quality Control of Methyl nonadecanoate The following contents are mentioned in the article:

EN 14103 is generally used for quantification of ester content in biodiesel free of heptadecanoate ester (C17:0) or Me nonadecanoate (C19:0), which are employed as internal standards Ester content obtained by EN 14103 method did not match with theor. value of biodiesel, as the method did not take care of response factors of each component to compensate for changes in detector sensitivities. In this study, the whole range of fatty acid (C₆-C_24:1) Me esters were taken into consideration for the calculation of the ester content. Me nonadecanoate (C19:0) was used as an internal standard The response factors of both the saturated and unsaturated Me esters in the range C₆-C_24:1 were estimated and found in the range 0.97-1.16. The ester content was calculated after applying the response factors of each Me ester. The results obtained by this method agreed well with the theor. value as compared to estimated value using EN14103 method. The results obtained from this method also show good correlation (R² = 0.98) with ¹H-NMR method. Further, this method does not depend on nature of biodiesel feed stock and is applicable to all Me biodiesel samples obtained from different raw materials. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Methyl nonadecanoate (cas: 1731-94-8Quality Control of Methyl nonadecanoate).

Methyl nonadecanoate (cas: 1731-94-8) belongs to esters. Carboxylic acid esters of low molecular weight are colourless, volatile liquids with pleasant odours, slightly soluble in water. Many esters have the potential for conformational isomerism, but they tend to adopt an s-cis (or Z) conformation rather than the s-trans (or E) alternative, due to a combination of hyperconjugation and dipole minimization effects. The preference for the Z conformation is influenced by the nature of the substituents and solvent, if present. Lactones with small rings are restricted to the s-trans (i.e. E) conformation due to their cyclic structure.Quality Control of Methyl nonadecanoate

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Comparative profiling analysis of woody flavouring from vine-shoots and oak chips was written by Delgado de la Torre, M. Pilar;Priego-Capote, Feliciano;Luque de Castro, M. Dolores. And the article was included in Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture in 2014.Electric Literature of C20H40O2 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

BACKGROUNDWoody liquid flavourings extracted from different varieties of vine shoots and oak chips have been characterized by gas chromatog.-mass spectrometry to compare the profile of compounds as potential contributors to the organoleptical properties of wine and spirits aged in oak barrels. Oak chips are frequently added to barrels to accelerate the ageing process, while vine shoots are produced in high amounts in wine-producing countries. RESULTSThe extracts were isolated by superheated liquid extraction (SHLE) after optimization of extraction variables. The SHLE protocol was performed using ethanol-water mixtures (pH 3) at 220 °C for 60 min. Compounds were identified using NIST databases, and the resulting profile was used as a dataset for qual. and semi-quant. comparison between extracts obtained from different varieties of vine shoots and oak chips. CONCLUSIONStatistical anal. enabled demonstration of the similarity among extracts from vine shoots and oak wood, providing the first study on this subject. The special role of phenols and furanic derivatives has been described. This study is the first stage for characterization of vine shoots as a byproduct with potential for use in the oenol. field. © 2013 Society of Chem. Industry. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Methyl nonadecanoate (cas: 1731-94-8Electric Literature of C20H40O2).

Methyl nonadecanoate (cas: 1731-94-8) belongs to esters. Carboxylic acid esters of low molecular weight are colourless, volatile liquids with pleasant odours, slightly soluble in water. Esterification is the general name for a chemical reaction in which two reactants (typically an alcohol and an acid) form an ester as the reaction product. Esters are common in organic chemistry and biological materials.Electric Literature of C20H40O2

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Enzymatic production of biodiesel from insect fat using methyl acetate as an acyl acceptor: Optimization by using response surface methodology was written by Nguyen, Hoang Chinh;Liang, Shih-Hsiang;Chen, Shang-Sian;Su, Chia-Hung;Lin, Jhih-Huei;Chien, Chien-Chung. And the article was included in Energy Conversion and Management in 2018.Formula: C20H40O2 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) are oleaginous insects that can assimilate organic waste for fat accumulation, and thus serve as an alternative feedstock for biodiesel production In lipase-catalyzed transesterification, enzymes are deactivated by excess methanol. To address this obstacle, Me acetate is suggested as an alternative acyl acceptor to methanol. In this study, Me acetate was first used in the enzymic production of biodiesel with BSFL as a triglyceride source. The interesterification of BSFL fat with Me acetate was catalyzed using Novozym 435 as an efficient immobilized lipase. Response surface methodol. was used to optimize the reaction and establish a reliable math. model for prediction. A maximum biodiesel yield of 96.97% was reached at a reaction time of 12 h, molar ratio of Me acetate to fat of 14.64: 1, enzyme loading of 17.58%, and temperature of 39.5 °C. Under these optimal reaction conditions, Novozym 435 could be reused for up to 20 cycles without loss in enzyme activity. The properties of BSFL biodiesel were also investigated and all met the European standard EN 14214. This study indicates that the enzymic interesterification of BSFL fat with Me acetate is a promising and ecofriendly method for green fuel production This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Methyl nonadecanoate (cas: 1731-94-8Formula: C20H40O2).

Methyl nonadecanoate (cas: 1731-94-8) belongs to esters. Esters perform as high-grade solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers, and are one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market. Polyesters are important plastics, with monomers linked by ester moieties. Many esters have the potential for conformational isomerism, but they tend to adopt an s-cis (or Z) conformation rather than the s-trans (or E) alternative, due to a combination of hyperconjugation and dipole minimization effects. The preference for the Z conformation is influenced by the nature of the substituents and solvent, if present. Lactones with small rings are restricted to the s-trans (i.e. E) conformation due to their cyclic structure.Formula: C20H40O2

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Utilization of oleogels with binary oleogelator blends for filling creams low in saturated fat was written by Kim, Minhyo;Hwang, Hong-Sik;Jeong, Sungmin;Lee, Suyong. And the article was included in LWT–Food Science and Technology in 2022.Recommanded Product: Glyceryl monostearate The following contents are mentioned in the article:

The binary blends of candelilla wax (CDW) and glycerol monostearate (GMS) at varying ratios were utilized to prepare canola oil oleogels whose feasibility as a shortening replacer in filling creams was evaluated. The blending ratio of 60:40 (CDW-60:GMS-40) generated oleogels with the highest hardness and the lowest melting temperature The replacement of shortening with CDW-60:GMS-40 oleogel produced filling creams with textural properties similar to those of the shortening one. These textural properties could alleviate the oil separation from the filling creams. The level of saturated fatty acids in the filling creams prepared with oleogels was distinctly reduced from 36.17% to 10.30%. The tomog. anal. demonstrated that the filling creams prepared with 100% GMS oleogel (CDW-0:GMS-100) exhibited a better aerated structure than those with CDW-60:GMS-40 oleogel, implying that the proportions of GMS in the oleogels pos. contributed to the aerated structure of the filling creams. The morphol. properties of the filling creams were linearly correlated with the sp. gr. (Pearson correlation coefficients >0.98) and seemed to be affected primarily by the level of saturated fatty acids (specifically, stearic and palmitic acids) of the oleogels. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Glyceryl monostearate (cas: 31566-31-1Recommanded Product: Glyceryl monostearate).

Glyceryl monostearate (cas: 31566-31-1) belongs to esters. Volatile esters with characteristic odours are used in synthetic flavours, perfumes, and cosmetics. Certain volatile esters are used as solvents for lacquers, paints, and varnishes. Esterification is the general name for a chemical reaction in which two reactants (typically an alcohol and an acid) form an ester as the reaction product. Esters are common in organic chemistry and biological materials.Recommanded Product: Glyceryl monostearate

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Formulation, optimization and evaluation of vitamin E TPGS emulsified dorzolamide solid lipid nanoparticles was written by Shahab, Mohammed Shadab;Rizwanullah, Md;Sarim Imam, Syed. And the article was included in Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology in 2022.Application of 31566-31-1 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Herein, we designed this research to develop dorzolamide (DRZ) encapsulated solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) for ocular administration. The DRZ-SLNs were fabricated by ultrasonic emulsification method and optimized statistically by Box-Behnken design (3 factors at three levels BBD). Glyceryl monostearate (GMS; A), D-a-Tocopherol polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate (TPGS; B), and sonication time (ST; C) were chosen as independent variables while particles size (PS; R₁), polydispersity index (PDI; R₂), and encapsulation efficiency (EE%; R₃) were selected as dependent variables/responses. The optimized DRZ-SLNs showed the PS, PDI, and EE of 175.38 ± 5.42 nm, 0.19 ± 0.05, and 80.47 ± 3.57%, resp. The optimized DRZ-SLNs represented initially fast release within 2 h and then a sustained release profile from 2 h to 10 h in simulated tear fluids (STF). DRZ-SLNs revealed 2.87-fold higher trans corneal permeation enhancement compared to DRZ solution Furthermore, HET-CAM study and the histopathol. study revealed that optimized DRZ-SLNs was found to be non-irritant and safe for ocular delivery. Therefore, it was concluded that the DRZ SLNs can be a promising and effective nanoplatform for ocular administration. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Glyceryl monostearate (cas: 31566-31-1Application of 31566-31-1).

Glyceryl monostearate (cas: 31566-31-1) belongs to esters. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits, including apples, durians, pears, bananas, pineapples, and strawberries. Esters are more polar than ethers but less polar than alcohols. They participate in hydrogen bonds as hydrogen-bond acceptors, but cannot act as hydrogen-bond donors, unlike their parent alcohols. This ability to participate in hydrogen bonding confers some water-solubility.Application of 31566-31-1

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Mixing food waste and microalgae to simultaneously improve biodiesel production through transesterification and bio-crude production through hydrothermal liquefaction was written by Cheng, Jun;Qiu, Yi;Zhang, Ze;Guo, Hao;Yang, Weijuan;Zhou, Junhu. And the article was included in Journal of Biobased Materials and Bioenergy in 2020.Recommanded Product: Methyl nonadecanoate The following contents are mentioned in the article:

In this study, food waste was mixed with microalgal biomass to regulate the C:N ratio in order to not only promote biodiesel production from lipids through transesterification during the first stage but also bio-crude production from carbohydrates and proteins through hydrothermal liquefaction during the second stage. The cytoplasms of microalgal biomass, which reduces polarity differences between lipids and the methanol reactant, improved transesterification reactions of lipids in food waste, thereby promoting biodiesel production by 13.3%. The optimized Maillard reactions between the carbohydrates and proteins (C:N ratio = 6.2) promoted bio-crude production from the biomass residue by 13.0% after biodiesel extraction The highest weight ratio of biodiesel (with a higher heating value of 41.0 MJ/kg) through the transesterification reaction to dry feedstock (composed of microalgae and food waste with an optimized weight ratio of 1:1) was obtained at 23.2% (weight). GC-MS, FTIR and NMR were applied to analyze the physicochem. properties of bio-crude produced via hydrothermal liquefaction. A high-weight ratio of bio-crude (Higher heating value: 35.1 MJ/kg) to biomass residue after biodiesel extraction was achieved at 15.5% (weight). This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Methyl nonadecanoate (cas: 1731-94-8Recommanded Product: Methyl nonadecanoate).

Methyl nonadecanoate (cas: 1731-94-8) belongs to esters. Esters perform as high-grade solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers, and are one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market. Polyesters are important plastics, with monomers linked by ester moieties. Because of their lack of hydrogen-bond-donating ability, esters do not self-associate. Consequently, esters are more volatile than carboxylic acids of similar molecular weight.Recommanded Product: Methyl nonadecanoate

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

A smart O₂-generating nanocarrier optimizes drug transportation comprehensively for chemotherapy improving was written by Zhang, Xiaojuan;He, Chuanchuan;Sun, Yun;Liu, Xiaoguang;Chen, Yan;Chen, Chen;Yan, Ruicong;Fan, Ting;Yang, Tan;Lu, Yao;Luo, Jun;Ma, Xiang;Xiang, Guangya. And the article was included in Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B in 2021.Computed Properties of C21H44O5 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Drug transportation is impeded by various barriers in the hypoxic solid tumor, resulting in compromised anticancer efficacy. Herein, a solid lipid monostearin (MS)-coated CaO2/MnO2 nanocarrier was designed to optimize doxorubicin (DOX) transportation comprehensively for chemotherapy enhancement. The MS shell of nanoparticles could be destroyed selectively by highly-expressed lipase within cancer cells, exposing water-sensitive cores to release DOX and produce O2. After the cancer cell death, the core-exposed nanoparticles could be further liberated and continue to react with water in the tumor extracellular matrix (ECM) and thoroughly release O2 and DOX, which exhibited cytotoxicity to neighboring cells. Small DOX mols. could readily diffuse through ECM, in which the collagen deposition was decreased by O2-mediated hypoxia-inducible factor-1 inhibition, leading to synergistically improved drug penetration. Concurrently, DOX-efflux-associated P-glycoprotein was also inhibited by O2, prolonging drug retention in cancer cells. Overall, the DOX transporting processes from nanoparticles to deep tumor cells including drug release, penetration, and retention were optimized comprehensively, which significantly boosted antitumor benefits. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Glyceryl monostearate (cas: 31566-31-1Computed Properties of C21H44O5).

Glyceryl monostearate (cas: 31566-31-1) belongs to esters. Esters typically have a pleasant smell; those of low molecular weight are commonly used as fragrances and are found in essential oils and pheromones. Esters contain a carbonyl center, which gives rise to 120° C–C–O and O–C–O angles. Unlike amides, esters are structurally flexible functional groups because rotation about the C–O–C bonds has a low barrier. Their flexibility and low polarity is manifested in their physical properties; they tend to be less rigid (lower melting point) and more volatile (lower boiling point) than the corresponding amides. Computed Properties of C21H44O5

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Improved Synthesis of 1-Glycosyl Thioacetates and Its Application in the Synthesis of Thioglucoside Gliflozin Analogues was written by Feng, Guang-Jing;Wang, Shuang-Shuang;Lv, Jian;Luo, Tao;Wu, Yuzhou;Dong, Hai. And the article was included in European Journal of Organic Chemistry in 2021.Category: esters-buliding-blocks The following contents are mentioned in the article:

An improved method to synthesize 1-glycosyl thioacetates was developed, where per-O-acetylated glycoses were allowed to directly react with potassium thioacetate (KSAc) in the presence of BF₃ · Et₂O in Et acetate under mild conditions. This method not only overcomes the disadvantage of the traditional one-step method, which is that the odorous and toxic thioacetic acid has to be used, but also overcomes the disadvantage of the traditional two-step method, which is that the unstable intermediate, glycosyl halide, has to be synthesized from the per-O-acetylated glycose in advance. Based on this, the per-O-acetylated glucosyl disulfide and the per-O-acetylated glucosyl 1-thiol were efficiently synthesized in high yields (91% and 90% resp.) starting from per-O-acetylated glycoses in two-step without the need to isolate intermediate products. Through metal-catalyzed cross-coupling of per-O-acetylated glucosyl 1-thiol with aryl-iodide under very mild conditions, two thioglucoside gliflozin analogs were efficiently synthesized in high yields for the first time. These two thioglucoside gliflozin analogs I and II were further confirmed to be stable to hydrolysis of β-glucosidase. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as (2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-6-(Acetoxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2,3,4,5-tetrayl tetraacetate (cas: 604-69-3Category: esters-buliding-blocks).

(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-6-(Acetoxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2,3,4,5-tetrayl tetraacetate (cas: 604-69-3) belongs to esters. Esters typically have a pleasant smell; those of low molecular weight are commonly used as fragrances and are found in essential oils and pheromones. Esters contain a carbonyl center, which gives rise to 120° C–C–O and O–C–O angles. Unlike amides, esters are structurally flexible functional groups because rotation about the C–O–C bonds has a low barrier. Their flexibility and low polarity is manifested in their physical properties; they tend to be less rigid (lower melting point) and more volatile (lower boiling point) than the corresponding amides. Category: esters-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Lipophilic glucose monoesters and glycosides are potent human Mincle agonists was written by Braganza, Chriselle D.;Kodar, Kristel;Teunissen, Thomas;Andreassend, Sarah K.;Khan, Ayesha;Timmer, Mattie S. M.;Stocker, Bridget L.. And the article was included in Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry in 2022.Electric Literature of C16H22O11 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Macrophage inducible C-type lectin (Mincle) is a pattern recognition receptor on myeloid cells that represents a promising target for Th1-stimulating adjuvants. We report on the synthesis of branched and aromatic glucose monoesters and glycosides and their activation of mouse and human Mincle. In studies using mMincle, derivatives containing aromatic groups in the 6-O-acyl chain were poor Mincle agonists, while analogs with branched lipophilic groups at the glucose 6-position and anomeric hydroxy or methoxy groups exhibited better Mincle-mediated agonist activity than compounds with a docosyl group at the anomeric position. In contrast, all derivatives, except those containing the aromatic groups on the 6′-acyl chain, were able to signal via hMincle, with different compounds exhibiting different requirements for the EPN motif in the carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) of hMincle for signaling. Functional assays using human monocytes revealed that docosyl α-glucopyranoside leads to significantly higher levels of IL-1β and IL-8 production by monocytes compared to those elicited by trehalose dibehenate (TDB). The facile two-step synthesis of docosyl α-glycoside in 75% overall yield makes it a particularly attractive target for adjuvant research. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as (2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-6-(Acetoxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2,3,4,5-tetrayl tetraacetate (cas: 604-69-3Electric Literature of C16H22O11).

(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-6-(Acetoxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2,3,4,5-tetrayl tetraacetate (cas: 604-69-3) belongs to esters. Esters typically have a pleasant smell; those of low molecular weight are commonly used as fragrances and are found in essential oils and pheromones. Esters contain a carbonyl center, which gives rise to 120° C–C–O and O–C–O angles. Unlike amides, esters are structurally flexible functional groups because rotation about the C–O–C bonds has a low barrier. Their flexibility and low polarity is manifested in their physical properties; they tend to be less rigid (lower melting point) and more volatile (lower boiling point) than the corresponding amides. Electric Literature of C16H22O11

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics