Tag: 300-400

LC-MS-MS Simultaneous Determination of Paracetamol, Pseudoephedrine and Chlorpheniramine in Human Plasma: Application to a Pharmacokinetic Study was written by Liao, Qiongfeng;Xie, Zhiyong;Pan, Biyan;Zhu, Chenchen;Yao, Meicun;Xu, Xinjun;Wan, Jinzhi. And the article was included in Chromatographia in 2008.Quality Control of 4-Acetamidophenyl 2-acetoxybenzoate The following contents are mentioned in the article:

A liquid chromatog.-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS-MS) method was developed for the simultaneous determination of paracetamol, pseudoephedrine and chlorpheniramine in human plasma. Diphenhydramine was used as the internal standard Analytes were extracted from alkalized human plasma by liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) using Et acetate. After electrospray ionization pos. ion fragments were detected in the selected reaction monitoring (SRM) mode with a triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometer. The method was linear in the concentration range of 20.0-10000.0 ng mL^-1 for paracetamol, 1.0-500.0 ng mL^-1 for pseudoephedrine and 0.1-50.0 ng mL^-1 for chlorpheniramine. The intra- and inter-day precisions were below 14.5% and the bias was between -7.3 and +2.8% for all analytes. The validated LC-MS-MS method was applied to a pharmacokinetic study in which each healthy Chinese volunteer received a tablet containing 300 mg benorylate, 30 mg pseudoephedrine hydrochloride and 2 mg chlorpheniramine maleate. This is the first assay method described for the simultaneous determination of paracetamol, pseudoephedrine and chlorpheniramine in human plasma samples. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 4-Acetamidophenyl 2-acetoxybenzoate (cas: 5003-48-5Quality Control of 4-Acetamidophenyl 2-acetoxybenzoate).

4-Acetamidophenyl 2-acetoxybenzoate (cas: 5003-48-5) belongs to esters. Volatile esters with characteristic odours are used in synthetic flavours, perfumes, and cosmetics. Certain volatile esters are used as solvents for lacquers, paints, and varnishes. Esters contain a carbonyl center, which gives rise to 120° C–C–O and O–C–O angles. Unlike amides, esters are structurally flexible functional groups because rotation about the C–O–C bonds has a low barrier. Their flexibility and low polarity is manifested in their physical properties; they tend to be less rigid (lower melting point) and more volatile (lower boiling point) than the corresponding amides. Quality Control of 4-Acetamidophenyl 2-acetoxybenzoate

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Straightforward synthesis, antiproliferative screening, and density functional theory study of some pyrazolylpyrimidine derivatives was written by Halim, Karema N. M.;Rizk, Sameh A.;El-Hashash, Maher A.;Ramadan, Sayed K.. And the article was included in Journal of Heterocyclic Chemistry in 2021.Category: esters-buliding-blocks The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Tetrahydropyrimidinone derivative was synthesized through one-pot three components condensation of 1,3-diphenylpyrazole-4-carbaldehyde with pentan-2,4-dione and urea under Biginelli reaction conditions. The corresponding chloro- and hydrazino derivatives were synthesized and utilized for the construction of some valuable N-heterocycles encompassing both pyrazole and pyrimidine cores, such as triazolopyrimidine, tetrazolopyrimidine, pyrazole, and pyrazolone derivatives through condensation with nitrogen nucleophiles and carbon electrophiles. The antiproliferative activity evaluation of the synthesized compounds against four human carcinoma cell lines namely, liver carcinoma (HepG2), breast adenocarcinoma (MCF7), prostate cancer (PC3), and colon cancer (HCT-116) cell lines revealed that some of them, e.g. I, provided significant potency, as well as the d.-functional theory (DFT) was studied. The permeability of various hydrophilic and hydrophobic synthesized compounds across both normal and cancer cells is confirmed via DFT simulation in which the much higher permeability through aquaporin channels revealed the selective cytotoxicity toward cancer cells. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as (2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-6-(Acetoxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2,3,4,5-tetrayl tetraacetate (cas: 604-69-3Category: esters-buliding-blocks).

(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-6-(Acetoxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2,3,4,5-tetrayl tetraacetate (cas: 604-69-3) belongs to esters. Esters are also usually derived from carboxylic acids. It may also be obtained by reaction of acid anhydride or acid halides with alcohols or by the reaction of salts of carboxylic acids with alkyl halides. Because of their lack of hydrogen-bond-donating ability, esters do not self-associate. Consequently, esters are more volatile than carboxylic acids of similar molecular weight.Category: esters-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Rhabdaerophilum calidifontis gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel bacterium isolated from a hot spring, and proposal of Rhabdaerophilaceae fam. nov. was written by Ming, Yu-Zhen;Liu, Lan;Xian, Wen-Dong;Jiao, Jian-Yu.;Liu, Ze-Tao;Li, Meng-Meng;Xiao, Min;Li, Wen-Jun. And the article was included in International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology in 2020.Reference of 1731-94-8 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

A novel thermotolerant bacterial strain was isolated from a hot spring in a Tibetan geothermal field. Phylogenetic anal. of the 16S rRNA gene sequence of the novel strain showed that it belongs to a distinct lineage far from any known taxa. The new isolate shared the highest pairwise sequence identity with Phreatobacter cathodiphilus S-12T (92.8% similarity) according to the 16S rRNA gene sequences. Cells were Gram-stain-neg., aerobic, rod-shaped and formed white round colonies. The strain grew at the ranges of 28-45°C (optimum, 37°C), pH 5.0-7.0 (optimum, pH 6.0) and 0-2% NaCl. The strain was pos. for catalase and oxidase. The major respiratory quinone was ubiquinone Q-10. Polar lipids consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylcholine. The major fatty acids were summed feature 8 (C18:1 ω7c and/or C18:1 ω6c). The DNA G+C content was 68.3 mol%. Based on these distinguishing properties, this strain is proposed to represent a new species of a new genus Rhabdaerophilum calidifontis gen. nov., sp. nov., within a new family Rhabdaerophilaceae fam. nov. The type strain of the type species of Rhabdaerophilum calidifontis is SYSU G02060T (=KCTC 72351T=CGMCC 1.17070T). This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Methyl nonadecanoate (cas: 1731-94-8Reference of 1731-94-8).

Methyl nonadecanoate (cas: 1731-94-8) belongs to esters. Esters are also usually derived from carboxylic acids. It may also be obtained by reaction of acid anhydride or acid halides with alcohols or by the reaction of salts of carboxylic acids with alkyl halides. Cyclic esters are called lactones, regardless of whether they are derived from an organic or inorganic acid. One example of an organic lactone is γ-valerolactone.Reference of 1731-94-8

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

A Dinuclear Dysprosium Complex as an Air-Stable and Recyclable Catalyst: Applications in the Deacetylation of Carbohydrate, Aliphatic, and Aromatic Molecules was written by Chiu, Ting-Yu;Chin, Wei;Guo, Jiun-Rung;Liang, Chien-Fu;Lin, Po-Heng. And the article was included in Chemistry – An Asian Journal in 2019.Product Details of 604-69-3 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Three dinuclear dysprosium complexes, [Dy₂(hmb)₂(OTf)₂(H₂O)₄].HOTf.2THF (A.HOTf.2THF), [Dy₂(hmb)₂(OTf)₂(H₂O)₄].(CH₃)₂CO (A.(CH₃)₂CO) and [Dy₂(hmi)₃(H₂O)₂].2HOTf (B.2HOTf), were synthesized by the reaction of Dy(OTf)₃ and the Schiff-base ligands H₂hmb (N’-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)benzohydrazide) or H₂hmi ((2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylene isonicotinohydrazine). Complex A.HOTf.2THF was an effective and chemoselective catalyst for the deacetylation of esters in methanol. This method offered an efficient route to selectively deacetylated monosaccharides and disaccharides in high yields and a green catalyst that can be easily recycled and reused. This method was especially valuable for the preparation of peracetylated hemiacetal of monosaccharides and disaccharides with yields of 85 to 88 and 65 to 85%, resp. Complex (B.2HOTf), in comparison, indicated that coordinated triflate ions were key to activation of the regioselective anomeric deacetylation. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as (2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-6-(Acetoxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2,3,4,5-tetrayl tetraacetate (cas: 604-69-3Product Details of 604-69-3).

(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-6-(Acetoxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2,3,4,5-tetrayl tetraacetate (cas: 604-69-3) belongs to esters. Volatile esters with characteristic odours are used in synthetic flavours, perfumes, and cosmetics. Certain volatile esters are used as solvents for lacquers, paints, and varnishes. Esters are more polar than ethers but less polar than alcohols. They participate in hydrogen bonds as hydrogen-bond acceptors, but cannot act as hydrogen-bond donors, unlike their parent alcohols. This ability to participate in hydrogen bonding confers some water-solubility.Product Details of 604-69-3

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

[Rapid identification 15 effective components of anti common cold medicine with MRM by LC-MS/MS]. was written by Jiang, Jian-Guo;Zhang, Xi-Ru;Zhang, Yi-Hua;Song, Geng-Shen. And the article was included in Yao xue xue bao = Acta pharmaceutica Sinica in 2013.Safety of 4-Acetamidophenyl 2-acetoxybenzoate The following contents are mentioned in the article:

This paper reports the establishment of a method for rapid identification 15 effective components of anti common cold medicine (paracetamol, aminophenazone, pseudoephedrine hydrochloride, methylephedrine hydrochloride, caffeine, amantadine hydrochloride, phenazone, guaifenesin, chlorphenamine maleate, dextromethorphen hydrobromide, diphenhydramine hydrochloride, promethazine hydrochloride, propyphenazone, benorilate and diclofenac sodium) with MRM by LC-MS/MS. The samples were extracted by methanol and were separated from a Altantis T3 column within 15 min with a gradient of acetonitrile-ammonium acetate (containing 0.25% glacial acetic acid), a tandem quadrupole mass spectrometer equipped with electrospray ionization source (ESI) was used in positive ion mode, and multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) was performed for qualitative analysis of these compounds. The minimum detectable quantity were 0.33-2.5 microg x kg(-1) of the 15 compounds. The method is simple, accurate and with good reproducibility for rapid identification many components in the same chromatographic condition, and provides a reference for qualitative analysis illegally added chemicals in anti common cold medicine. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 4-Acetamidophenyl 2-acetoxybenzoate (cas: 5003-48-5Safety of 4-Acetamidophenyl 2-acetoxybenzoate).

4-Acetamidophenyl 2-acetoxybenzoate (cas: 5003-48-5) belongs to esters. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits, including apples, durians, pears, bananas, pineapples, and strawberries. Many esters have the potential for conformational isomerism, but they tend to adopt an s-cis (or Z) conformation rather than the s-trans (or E) alternative, due to a combination of hyperconjugation and dipole minimization effects. The preference for the Z conformation is influenced by the nature of the substituents and solvent, if present. Lactones with small rings are restricted to the s-trans (i.e. E) conformation due to their cyclic structure.Safety of 4-Acetamidophenyl 2-acetoxybenzoate

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Validation results and analysis of microorganism limit test method for 14 kinds of chemical drugs was written by Li, Hui-e;Zhang, Dan;You, Ya-ning;Zhou, Zhi-yun;Cui, Yu-jin. And the article was included in Xibei Yaoxue Zazhi in 2007.Formula: C17H15NO5 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

The objective is to establish the determination method for the microbial limit of 14 chem. agents. The recovery rate is tested by artificial pollution by 4 exptl. strains to verify whether the bacteriostatic effect is presented. The results show that the recovery rate of the 3 test sample of Letosteine granule (25.50 mg/pack) and nimodipine tablet (group I) are all higher than 70%, and without bacteriostatic effect; the Lufenweima slow release tablet, loratadine orally disintegrating tablets, Letosteine capsule (25.50 mg/capsule) 4 test samples (group II) has certain bacteriostatic effect; while Lexapro tablet, Nifedipine slow release capsule, culvfensuan tablet, famotidine orally disintegrating tablets, Zolpidem Tartrate orally disintegrating tablets (5.10 mg/tablet) and Benorilate tablet, these 7 test samples (group III) has strong bacteriostatic effect. Determination of the microbial limit of test samples in group I is conducted by routine method. Determination of the microbial limit of test samples in group II is conducted by media dilution method (0.2 mL/plate, which is 1 mL for 5 plates). Determination of the microbial limit of test samples in group III is conducted by the membrane filtration with centrifugation method. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 4-Acetamidophenyl 2-acetoxybenzoate (cas: 5003-48-5Formula: C17H15NO5).

4-Acetamidophenyl 2-acetoxybenzoate (cas: 5003-48-5) belongs to esters. Esters are also usually derived from carboxylic acids. It may also be obtained by reaction of acid anhydride or acid halides with alcohols or by the reaction of salts of carboxylic acids with alkyl halides. Because of their lack of hydrogen-bond-donating ability, esters do not self-associate. Consequently, esters are more volatile than carboxylic acids of similar molecular weight.Formula: C17H15NO5

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Palm Olein Organogelation Using Mixtures of Soy Lecithin and Glyceryl Monostearate was written by Ghan, Sheah Yee;Siow, Lee Fong;Tan, Chin Ping;Cheong, Kok Whye;Thoo, Yin Yin. And the article was included in Gels in 2022.HPLC of Formula: 31566-31-1 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

The present work investigated the interaction between soy lecithin (SL), glyceryl monostearate (GMS), and water in structuring palm olein (PO) to create an organogel having similar mech. properties to com. spread. Extreme vertices mixture design was used to optimize the composition of PO-based organogel. The resulting model showed a good fit to the predicted data with R2 ≥ 0.89. The optimum composition was 8% SL, 22% GMS, 28% water, and 42% PO (weight/weight) to produce a mean firmness of 1.91 N, spreadability of 15.28 N s^-1, and oil binding capacity (OBC) of 83.83%. The OBC of optimized organogel was 10% higher than com. spread product, and no significant difference was observed in the mech. properties (p > 0.05). The microstructure, as well as the rheol. and thermal properties of the optimized organogel were characterized. Fourier transform IR anal. indicated that hydrogen bonding and van der Waals interactions were the key driving forces for organogelation. The mixture of SL and GMS favored the formation of β’ + β form crystals with a predominance of the β’ form. These results have important implications for the development of PO-based organogel as a potential fat replacer in the production of low-fat spread. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Glyceryl monostearate (cas: 31566-31-1HPLC of Formula: 31566-31-1).

Glyceryl monostearate (cas: 31566-31-1) belongs to esters. Esters are also usually derived from carboxylic acids. It may also be obtained by reaction of acid anhydride or acid halides with alcohols or by the reaction of salts of carboxylic acids with alkyl halides. Because of their lack of hydrogen-bond-donating ability, esters do not self-associate. Consequently, esters are more volatile than carboxylic acids of similar molecular weight.HPLC of Formula: 31566-31-1

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Reduction by acetylsalicylic acid of paracetamol-induced hepatic glutathione depletion in rats treated with 4,4′-dichlorobiphenyl, phenobarbitone and pregnenolone-16α-carbonitrile was written by Van Bree, L.;Groot, E. J.;De Vries, J.. And the article was included in Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology in 1989.Category: esters-buliding-blocks The following contents are mentioned in the article:

The role of enzyme induction in the reduction by acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) of paracetamol-induced hepatic glutathione (GSH) depletion was studied in rats. Administration of an overdose of paracetamol to control rats resulted in an appreciable decrease of GSH concentration Pretreatment with the enzyme inducers phenobarbitone, 3-methylcholanthrene (3-MC), pregnenolone-16α-carbonitrile and 4,4′-dichlorobiphenyl potentiated the paracetamol-induced depletion of GSH. Simultaneous administration of an equimolar dose of ASA reduced the paracetamol-induced depletion of GSH in all instances except for those rats that were not pretreated and those given 3-MC. Benzorylate, the ASA ester of paracetamol, depressed rat liver GSH to levels comparable to those produced by the combination of paracetamol and ASA. ASA itself caused only minor changes in liver GSH concentrations ASA diminishes paracetamol-induced GSH depletion in rats with a phenobarbitone type of enzyme induction. Inhibition of the formation of the reactive metabolite of paracetamol or reduction of the absorption rate of paracetamol seems to be unlikely as a mechanism underlying the ASA-induced effect. An ASA-mediated effect via changes of the hepatic SH status is proposed. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 4-Acetamidophenyl 2-acetoxybenzoate (cas: 5003-48-5Category: esters-buliding-blocks).

4-Acetamidophenyl 2-acetoxybenzoate (cas: 5003-48-5) belongs to esters. Volatile esters with characteristic odours are used in synthetic flavours, perfumes, and cosmetics. Certain volatile esters are used as solvents for lacquers, paints, and varnishes. Many esters have the potential for conformational isomerism, but they tend to adopt an s-cis (or Z) conformation rather than the s-trans (or E) alternative, due to a combination of hyperconjugation and dipole minimization effects. The preference for the Z conformation is influenced by the nature of the substituents and solvent, if present. Lactones with small rings are restricted to the s-trans (i.e. E) conformation due to their cyclic structure.Category: esters-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Green downstream processing using supercritical carbon dioxide, CO₂-expanded ethanol and pressurized hot water extractions for recovering bioactive compounds from Moringa oleifera leaves was written by Rodriguez-Perez, C.;Mendiola, J. A.;Quirantes-Pine, R.;Ibanez, E.;Segura-Carretero, A.. And the article was included in Journal of Supercritical Fluids in 2016.Product Details of 1731-94-8 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

A green platform based on a three-step downstream processing including the use of supercritical carbon dioxide (ScCO₂), carbon dioxide-expanded ethanol (CXE) and pressurized hot water (PHWE) extractions has been developed to obtain different fractions from Moringa oleifera leaves. Each process was optimized based on the extraction yield. Optimal extracts were functionally characterized by measuring total phenolic (TPC) and total flavonoid contents (TF). The antioxidant activity by TEAC assay was also tested. Moreover, a chem. characterization of the extracts was performed by GC-MS and HPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS. The extraction yields of the optimized process were 3.1, 29.5 and 30.2% resp. The extraction of total phenolics was higher in PHWE than in CXE extract (62.4 vs. 20.3 mg GAE/g leaves) while TF showed the opposite (3.8 vs. 9.6 mg quercetin/g leaves resp.). ScCO₂ fraction was rich in fatty acids such as α-linoleic acid and alkanes. CXE fraction was richer in glycosylated flavonoids than PHWE while the latest fraction was richer in phenolic acids, which could explain the higher antioxidant activity of this fraction (13.4 mmol Eq trolox/100 g dry leaves) compared to CXE (6 mmol Eq trolox/100 g dry leaves). This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Methyl nonadecanoate (cas: 1731-94-8Product Details of 1731-94-8).

Methyl nonadecanoate (cas: 1731-94-8) belongs to esters. Volatile esters with characteristic odours are used in synthetic flavours, perfumes, and cosmetics. Certain volatile esters are used as solvents for lacquers, paints, and varnishes. Many esters have the potential for conformational isomerism, but they tend to adopt an s-cis (or Z) conformation rather than the s-trans (or E) alternative, due to a combination of hyperconjugation and dipole minimization effects. The preference for the Z conformation is influenced by the nature of the substituents and solvent, if present. Lactones with small rings are restricted to the s-trans (i.e. E) conformation due to their cyclic structure.Product Details of 1731-94-8

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Integrated analysis and knockdown of RAB23 indicate the role of RAB23 in gastric adenocarcinoma was written by Chen, Hui;Pan, Dun;Yang, Zhihuang;Li, Liangqing. And the article was included in Annals of Translational Medicine in 2019.Safety of Methyl nonadecanoate The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Background: The present study aimed to identify key differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and miRNAs (DEmiRNAs) in gastric adenocarcinoma. Methods: We performed integrated anal. to determine DEGs and DEmiRNAs of gastric adenocarcinoma based on the GEO database. A DEmiRNA-target interaction network was established. GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses were utilized. Then, MKN45 cells were transfected with shRNA-RAB23 to knock down the expression of RAB23. CCK-8, transwell and flow cytometry assays were utilized to measure the capacities for cell proliferation, migration and apoptosis, and the apoptosis-related gene and protein levels were measured by using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Western blot, resp. Colocalization anal. of Snc1 with the vesicular protein VAMP3 and the endoplasmic reticulum protein Calnexin was performed to assess the influence of RAB23 on vesicle transport. Finally, we performed metabolomic anal. by using gas chromatog. mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Results: We performed MMIA of gastric adenocarcinoma based on two miRNA datasets and two mRNA datasets. A total of 4,586 DEmRNAs and 30 DEmiRNAs were obtained. The DEmRNAs of gastric adenocarcinoma were significantly enriched in PI3K/Akt signaling. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Methyl nonadecanoate (cas: 1731-94-8Safety of Methyl nonadecanoate).

Methyl nonadecanoate (cas: 1731-94-8) belongs to esters. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits. Because of their lack of hydrogen-bond-donating ability, esters do not self-associate. Consequently, esters are more volatile than carboxylic acids of similar molecular weight.Safety of Methyl nonadecanoate

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics