Tag: 300-400

Determination of phthalic acid esters and di(2-ethylhexyl) adipate in fish and squid using the ammonium formate version of the QuEChERS method combined with gas chromatography mass spectrometry was written by Sambolino, Annalisa;Ortega-Zamora, Cecilia;Gonzalez-Salamo, Javier;Dinis, Ana;Cordeiro, Nereida;Canning-Clode, Joao;Hernandez-Borges, Javier. And the article was included in Food Chemistry in 2022.Product Details of 84-61-7 This article mentions the following:

In the present study, the ammonium formate version of the QuEChERS method, considered highly advantageous in relation to instrument maintenance and other issues, was applied for the first time to extract a group of twelve phthalic acid esters (PAEs, i.e. di-Pr phthalate, DPP; diisobutyl phthalate, DIBP; di-Bu phthalate, DBP; diisopentyl phthalate, DIPP; di-n-pentyl phthalate, DNPP; dihexyl phthalate, DHP; Bu benzyl phthalate, BBP; dicyclohexyl phthalate, DCHP; di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, DEHP; di-n-octyl phthalate, DNOP; diisononyl phthalate, DINP; and diisodecyl phthalate, DIDP) and one adipate (di(2-ethylhexyl) adipate, DEHA) from two species of fish (Scomber colias and Katsuwonus pelamis) and one of squid (Loligo gahi). The method was validated in terms of linearity, trueness and matrix effects. Determination coefficients (R2) for matrix-matched calibration curves were higher than 0.99 in all cases, being the lowest calibration levels in the range 0.5-10 ng/g. Mean recovery values were between 70 and 117% with relative standard deviation values â‰?0%. Matrix effects were soft (between -20 and +20%) for most analytes and matrixes, except in squid samples, which was mostly medium with a moderate ion suppression. The anal. of 10 samples of each type showed the presence of DIBP, DBP and DEHP at concentrations up to 44.2 ± 2.1 ng/g of wet weight in some of the samples and species, still not representing concerning values when considering the daily intake of such species of seafood in the human diet (tolerable daily intake -TDI- values were not exceeded). The results demonstrated that the ammonium formate version of the QuEChERS method can be applied with success for the extraction and determination of the selected PAEs and DEHA in fish and squid samples. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Dicyclohexyl phthalate (cas: 84-61-7Product Details of 84-61-7).

Dicyclohexyl phthalate (cas: 84-61-7) belongs to esters. Esters typically have a pleasant smell; those of low molecular weight are commonly used as fragrances and are found in essential oils and pheromones. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides alcoholysis is another way to produce esters. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with alcohols to produce esters. Anydrous conditions are recommended since both acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with water.Product Details of 84-61-7

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Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Phthalates in House and Dormitory Dust: Occurrence, Human Exposure and Risk Assessment was written by Xu, Shen;Li, Chao. And the article was included in Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology in 2021.Safety of Dicyclohexyl phthalate This article mentions the following:

Phthalates are one of ubiquitous contaminants in the indoor environment. In this study, we analyzed concentrations and profiles of 9 phthalates in dust samples collected from houses and university dormitories in Nanjing, China. The total concentrations of phthalates in house and dormitory dust ranged from 111.4 to 3599.1μg/g and 86.1 to 1262.3μg/g, resp. Phthalates in house was significantly higher than that in dormitory dust (p < 0.01). Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), di-Bu phthalate (DBP) and di-iso-Bu phthalate (DiBP) were the three predominant compounds and accounted for more than 98% of total phthalates in the two microenvironments. The estimated daily intake (EDI) of phthalates, carcinogenic risk (CR) of DEHP, and hazard index (HI) values of DEHP, DBP and DiBP were estimated Except for adults, the CR of DEHP for four subgroups (infants, toddlers, children, and teenagers) had exceeded the limitation, implying that they are at the risk of exposure to DEHP through dust ingestion. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Dicyclohexyl phthalate (cas: 84-61-7Safety of Dicyclohexyl phthalate).

Dicyclohexyl phthalate (cas: 84-61-7) belongs to esters. Esters perform as high-grade solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers, and are one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market. Because of their lack of hydrogen-bond-donating ability, esters do not self-associate. Consequently, esters are more volatile than carboxylic acids of similar molecular weight.Safety of Dicyclohexyl phthalate

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

An efficient conversion of carboxylic acids into Weinreb amides was written by Katritzky, Alan R.;Yang, Hongfang;Zhang, Suoming;Wang, Mingyi. And the article was included in ARKIVOC (Gainesville, FL, United States) [online computer file] in 2002.Quality Control of (S)-tert-Butyl (1-(methoxy(methyl)amino)-1-oxo-3-phenylpropan-2-yl)carbamate This article mentions the following:

Efficient conversions of carboxylic acids into Weinreb amides were achieved by treatment of N-acylbenzotriazoles 2a-i with N,O-dimethylhydroxylamine hydrochloride under mild conditions. No racemization was found when optically active acids were employed. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (S)-tert-Butyl (1-(methoxy(methyl)amino)-1-oxo-3-phenylpropan-2-yl)carbamate (cas: 87694-53-9Quality Control of (S)-tert-Butyl (1-(methoxy(methyl)amino)-1-oxo-3-phenylpropan-2-yl)carbamate).

(S)-tert-Butyl (1-(methoxy(methyl)amino)-1-oxo-3-phenylpropan-2-yl)carbamate (cas: 87694-53-9) belongs to esters. Esters are also usually derived from carboxylic acids. It may also be obtained by reaction of acid anhydride or acid halides with alcohols or by the reaction of salts of carboxylic acids with alkyl halides. Because of their lack of hydrogen-bond-donating ability, esters do not self-associate. Consequently, esters are more volatile than carboxylic acids of similar molecular weight.Quality Control of (S)-tert-Butyl (1-(methoxy(methyl)amino)-1-oxo-3-phenylpropan-2-yl)carbamate

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Disparities in chemical exposures among pregnant women and neonates by socioeconomic and demographic characteristics: A nontargeted approach was written by Goin, Dana E.;Abrahamsson, Dimitri;Wang, Miaomiao;Jiang, Ting;Park, June-Soo;Sirota, Marina;Morello-Frosch, Rachel;DeMicco, Erin;Zlatnik, Marya G.;Woodruff, Tracey J.. And the article was included in Environmental Research in 2022.Computed Properties of C20H26O4 This article mentions the following:

Exposure to environmental chems. during pregnancy adversely affects maternal and infant health, and identifying socio-demog. differences in exposures can inform contributions to health inequities. We recruited 294 demog. diverse pregnant participants in San Francisco from the Mission Bay/Moffit Long (MB/ML) hospitals, which serve a primarily higher income population, and Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital (ZSFGH), which serves a lower income population. We collected maternal and cord sera, which we screened for 2420 unique formulas and their isomers using high-resolution mass spectrometry using LC-QTOF/MS. We assessed differences in chem. abundances across socioeconomic and demog. groups using linear regression adjusting for false discovery rate. Our participants were racially diverse (31% Latinx, 16% Asian/Pacific Islander, 5% Black, 5% other or multi-race, and 43% white). A substantial portion experienced financial strain (28%) and food insecurity (20%) during pregnancy. We observed significant abundance differences in maternal (9 chems.) and cord sera (39 chems.) between participants who delivered at the MB/ML hospitals vs. ZSFGH. Of the 39 chem. features differentially detected in cord blood, 18 were present in pesticides, one per- or poly-fluoroalkyl substance (PFAS), 21 in plasticizers, 24 in cosmetics, and 17 in pharmaceuticals; 4 chem. features had unknown sources. A chem. feature annotated as 2,4-dichlorophenol had higher abundances among Latinx compared to white participants, those delivering at ZSFGH compared to MB/ML, those with food insecurity, and those with financial strain. Post-hoc QTOF analyses indicated the chem. feature was either 2,4-dichlorophenol or 2,5-dichlorophenol, both of which have potential endocrine-disrupting effects. Chem. exposures differed between delivery hospitals, likely due to underlying social conditions faced by populations served. Differential exposures to 2,4-dichlorophenol or 2,5-dichlorophenol may contribute to disparities in adverse outcomes. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Dicyclohexyl phthalate (cas: 84-61-7Computed Properties of C20H26O4).

Dicyclohexyl phthalate (cas: 84-61-7) belongs to esters. Carboxylic acid esters of low molecular weight are colourless, volatile liquids with pleasant odours, slightly soluble in water. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides alcoholysis is another way to produce esters. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with alcohols to produce esters. Anydrous conditions are recommended since both acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with water.Computed Properties of C20H26O4

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Small Molecule Suppression of Carbapenem Resistance in NDM-1 Producing Klebsiella pneumoniae was written by Worthington, Roberta J.;Bunders, Cynthia A.;Reed, Catherine S.;Melander, Christian. And the article was included in ACS Medicinal Chemistry Letters in 2012.Reference of 87694-53-9 This article mentions the following:

The already considerable global public health threat of multidrug-resistant Gram-neg. bacteria has become even more of a concern following the emergence of New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase (NDM-1) producing strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae and other Gram-neg. bacteria. As an alternative approach to the traditional development of new bactericidal entities, we have identified a 2-aminoimidazole-derived small mol. that acts as an antibiotic adjuvant and is able to suppress resistance of a NDM-1 producing strain of K. pneumoniae to imipenem and meropenem, in addition to suppressing resistance of other β-lactam nonsusceptible K. pneumoniae strains. The small mol. is able to lower carbapenem min. inhibitory concentrations by up to 16-fold, while exhibiting little bactericidal activity itself. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (S)-tert-Butyl (1-(methoxy(methyl)amino)-1-oxo-3-phenylpropan-2-yl)carbamate (cas: 87694-53-9Reference of 87694-53-9).

(S)-tert-Butyl (1-(methoxy(methyl)amino)-1-oxo-3-phenylpropan-2-yl)carbamate (cas: 87694-53-9) belongs to esters. Esters are also usually derived from carboxylic acids. It may also be obtained by reaction of acid anhydride or acid halides with alcohols or by the reaction of salts of carboxylic acids with alkyl halides. Esters are more polar than ethers but less polar than alcohols. They participate in hydrogen bonds as hydrogen-bond acceptors, but cannot act as hydrogen-bond donors, unlike their parent alcohols. This ability to participate in hydrogen bonding confers some water-solubility.Reference of 87694-53-9

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

The occurrence and ecological risk assessment of typical organic pollutants in the effluents of urban reclaimed water plants was written by Wang, Long;Xu, Xiong;Zhu, Dan;Li, Xiongyong;Zhang, Guangxin;Chen, Gang;Liu, Quanzhen;Lin, Lihua;Wang, Donghong. And the article was included in Huanjing Kexue Xuebao in 2021.Related Products of 84-61-7 This article mentions the following:

The utilization of reclaimed water has been widely concerned by the society due to its potential ecol. and health risks because of the trace amount of organic pollutants in reclaimed water. In order to explore the occurrence of the typical organic pollutants (including PAHs, PAEs and pesticides) in reclaimed water and their removal before and after upgrading and reconstruction of wastewater treatment plant, the effluents from 5 water reclamation plants in Beijing were monitored continuously for 6 mo in 2019, and their ecol. risks were assessed. The results showed that the pollutants with 100% detection rate were NaP, Flu, Phe, Ant, Flua, Pyr, BaA, Chr, BaP, DMP, DEP, DIBP, DNBP, DEHP, dichlorvos and atrazine. PAHs with two and three aromatic rings were the main components, mainly including Phe, NaP, Flu, Ant and Ace, accounting for more than 55% of the total PAHs. For PAEs, DEHP, DMP, DIBP and DNBP were the main PAEs components, accounting for more than 80% of the total PAEs. For pesticides, dichlorvos and atrazine were the main components. The monthly average concentration of PAHs, PAEs and pesticides were 53.6�5.9, 4881.3�050.2, and 77.7�7.2 ng·L^-1, resp. Compared with the effluents of water reclamation plants before the upgrading and reconstruction, the concentrations of these typical organic pollutants decreased significantly. The ecol. risk assessment showed that PAHs, DMP, DEHP, DEP, atrazine and chlorothalonil were at low-risk level in the effluents; but DIBP and DNBP were medium-risk or high-risk pollutants; and the dichlorvos and chlorpyrifos showed moderate risk in individual samples. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Dicyclohexyl phthalate (cas: 84-61-7Related Products of 84-61-7).

Dicyclohexyl phthalate (cas: 84-61-7) belongs to esters. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits. Liquid esters of low volatility serve as softening agents for resins and plastics. Esters also include many industrially important polymers. Polymethyl methacrylate is a glass substitute sold under the names Lucite and Plexiglas; polyethylene terephthalate is used as a film (Mylar) and as textile fibres sold as Terylene, Fortrel, and Dacron.Related Products of 84-61-7

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Controlled Synthesis of a Novel Heteropolymetallic Complex with Selectively Incorporated Lanthanide(III) Ions was written by Debroye, Elke;Ceulemans, Matthias;Vander Elst, Luce;Laurent, Sophie;Muller, Robert N.;Parac-Vogt, Tatjana N.. And the article was included in Inorganic Chemistry in 2014.Quality Control of tert-Butyl 4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)benzylcarbamate This article mentions the following:

A novel synthetic strategy toward a heteropolymetallic lanthanide complex with selectively incorporated Gd and Eu ions is outlined. Luminescence and relaxometric measurements suggest possible applications in bimodal (magnetic resonance/optical) imaging. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, tert-Butyl 4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)benzylcarbamate (cas: 330794-35-9Quality Control of tert-Butyl 4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)benzylcarbamate).

tert-Butyl 4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)benzylcarbamate (cas: 330794-35-9) belongs to esters. Esters are also usually derived from carboxylic acids. It may also be obtained by reaction of acid anhydride or acid halides with alcohols or by the reaction of salts of carboxylic acids with alkyl halides. Esters are more polar than ethers but less polar than alcohols. They participate in hydrogen bonds as hydrogen-bond acceptors, but cannot act as hydrogen-bond donors, unlike their parent alcohols. This ability to participate in hydrogen bonding confers some water-solubility.Quality Control of tert-Butyl 4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)benzylcarbamate

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Photocatalyzed reductive fluoroalkylation of 2-acetoxyglycals towards the stereoselective synthesis of α-1-fluoroalkyl-C-glycosyl derivatives was written by Mora Flores, Erwin W.;Uhrig, Maria Laura;Postigo, Al. And the article was included in Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry in 2020.Recommanded Product: (2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-6-(Acetoxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2,3,4,5-tetrayl tetraacetate This article mentions the following:

A benign, efficient, regio- and stereoselective protocol for the syntheses of α-1-fluoroalkyl-C-glycosyl compounds bearing CF₃, C₄F₉, and C₆F₁₃ substituents on the anomeric carbon has been developed by a new methodol. starting from 2-acetoxyglycals for the first time. Remarkably, the reactions proceeded in only one step, through the visible light-photocatalyzed reductive fluoroalkylation of 2-acetoxyglycals by means of an Ir photocatalyst and employed com. available fluoroalkyl iodides n-C_nF_2n+1-I (n = 1, 4, 6) as a source of fluoroalkyl radicals. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-6-(Acetoxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2,3,4,5-tetrayl tetraacetate (cas: 4163-60-4Recommanded Product: (2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-6-(Acetoxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2,3,4,5-tetrayl tetraacetate).

(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-6-(Acetoxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2,3,4,5-tetrayl tetraacetate (cas: 4163-60-4) belongs to esters. Esters perform as high-grade solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers, and are one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market. Polyesters are important plastics, with monomers linked by ester moieties. Liquid esters of low volatility serve as softening agents for resins and plastics. Esters also include many industrially important polymers. Polymethyl methacrylate is a glass substitute sold under the names Lucite and Plexiglas; polyethylene terephthalate is used as a film (Mylar) and as textile fibres sold as Terylene, Fortrel, and Dacron.Recommanded Product: (2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-6-(Acetoxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2,3,4,5-tetrayl tetraacetate

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

The spatiotemporal distribution and potential risk assessment of 19 phthalate acid esters in wastewater treatment plants in China was written by Sun, Shaojing;Shen, Jimin;Li, Bo;Geng, Jialu;Ma, Lixin;Qi, Hong;Zhang, Anping;Zhao, Zebin. And the article was included in Environmental Science and Pollution Research in 2021.Application of 84-61-7 This article mentions the following:

The spatiotemporal distribution of phthalate acid esters (phthalates, PAEs) in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in China was studied. The concentration of PAEs in influent and effluent increased from 2009 to 2016, indicating that the exposure level of PAEs in China increased continuously. Although the concentration of PAEs in sewage sludge in China ranged from 33.3 to 298 ug/g, there was no obvious spatial distribution pattern. Among the 19 PAE homologues, DEHP, DnBP, and DIBP were the most abundant phthalates detected in wastewater and sludge. Ecol. risk assessment confirmed that there was a high chronic and acute risk of DIBP in effluent since 2015. Therefore, this study highlights the need for further studies on the exposure and toxicol. of DIBP. Dietary intake accounted for more than 98% of the total risk, indicating that the risk of sludge application in agricultural land was much higher than that in nonagricultural land. The results from this study will provide valuable information for the safe disposal of sludge and wastewater. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Dicyclohexyl phthalate (cas: 84-61-7Application of 84-61-7).

Dicyclohexyl phthalate (cas: 84-61-7) belongs to esters. Carboxylic acid esters of low molecular weight are colourless, volatile liquids with pleasant odours, slightly soluble in water. Esterification is the general name for a chemical reaction in which two reactants (typically an alcohol and an acid) form an ester as the reaction product. Esters are common in organic chemistry and biological materials.Application of 84-61-7

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Inhibition of human sperm motility and capacitation by ziram is mediated by decreasing tyrosine protein kinase was written by Wen, Zina;Lei, Zhen;Tian, Erpo;Wang, Yiyan;Zhong, Ying;Ge, Ren-shan. And the article was included in Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety in 2021.Name: Dicyclohexyl phthalate This article mentions the following:

Many endocrine disruptors may interfere with sperm motility, hyperactivation, and capacitation, thereby leading to male infertility. In the current study, we screened 14 endocrine disruptors, including plant ingredients, cigarette ingredients, minerals, insecticides and fungicides, plastics, and plasticizers, to inhibit human sperm motility and forward motility. Only ziram, a dithiocarbamate fungicide, can effectively inhibit sperm motility, forward motility, hyperactivation, capacitation, and spontaneous acrosome reaction of normal human spermatozoa. Its half maximum inhibitory concentration (IC50) values were less than 4μM. Ziram also inhibited sperm motility and forward motility of asthenozoospermia spermatozoa and IC50 values were about 6-8μM. In addition, ziram inhibited normal sperm motility, calcium influx, reactive oxygen species, and mitochondrial membrane potential at 2.5 and/or 5μM, with IC50 values exceeding 100μM, although it did not affect sperm DNA fragmentation up to 5μM. Ziram-mediated inhibition of sperm motility and forward motility was irreversible. Forskolin, 8Br-cAMP, pentoxifylline, progesterone, vitamin E, and A23187 cannot prevent ziram-mediated inhibition of sperm motility and forward motility. Further studies have shown that ziram inhibited the level of tyrosine protein kinase with an IC50 value of about 10μM, without affecting p21-activated kinase 4, and it caused damage to the mitochondrial structure of normal spermatozoa at 2.5 and 5μM. In conclusion, ziram irreversibly inhibits human sperm motility, forward motility, and capacitation by reducing the level of tyrosine protein kinase and damaging the ultrastructure of mitochondria. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Dicyclohexyl phthalate (cas: 84-61-7Name: Dicyclohexyl phthalate).

Dicyclohexyl phthalate (cas: 84-61-7) belongs to esters. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits, including apples, durians, pears, bananas, pineapples, and strawberries. Esters contain a carbonyl center, which gives rise to 120° C–C–O and O–C–O angles. Unlike amides, esters are structurally flexible functional groups because rotation about the C–O–C bonds has a low barrier. Their flexibility and low polarity is manifested in their physical properties; they tend to be less rigid (lower melting point) and more volatile (lower boiling point) than the corresponding amides. Name: Dicyclohexyl phthalate

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics