Tag: 300-400

Mutagenicity, health risk, and disease burden of exposure to organic micropollutants in water from a drinking water treatment plant in the Yangtze River Delta, China was written by Xue, Panqi;Zhao, Yameng;Zhao, Danyang;Chi, Meina;Yin, Yuanyuan;Xuan, Yanan;Wang, Xia. And the article was included in Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety in 2021.Reference of 84-61-7 This article mentions the following:

A wide variety of organic micropollutants in drinking water pose a serious threat to human health. This study was aimed to reveal the characteristics of organic micropollution profiles in water from a drinking water treatment plant (DWTP) in the Yangtze River Delta, China and investigate the mutagenicity, health risk and disease burden through mixed exposure to micropollutants in water. The presence of organic micropollutants in seven categories in organic extracts (OEs) of water from the DWTP was determined, and Ames test was conducted to test the mutagenic effect of OEs. Meanwhile, health risk of exposure to organic micropollutants in finished water through three exposure routes (ingestion, dermal absorption and inhalation) was assessed with the method proposed by U. S. EPA, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) were combined to estimate the disease burden of cancer based on the carcinogenic risk (CR) assessment. The results showed that 28 organic micropollutants were detected in the raw and finished water at total concentrations of 967.28 ng/L and 1073.45 ng/L, resp., of which phthalate esters (PAEs) were the dominant category (95.79% in the raw water and 96.61% in the finished water). Although the results of the Ames test for OEs were neg. and the non-carcinogenic hazard index of the organic micropollutants in the finished water was less than 1 in all age groups, the total CR was 2.17 x 10-5, higher than the negligible risk level (1.00 x 10-6). The total DALYs caused by the organic micropollutants in the finished water was 2945.59 person-years, and the average individual DALYs was 2.21 x 10-6 per person-year (ppy), which was 2.21 times the reference risk level (1.00 x 10-6 ppy) defined by the WHO. Exposure to nitrosamines (NAms) was the major contributor to the total CR (92.06%) and average individual DALYs (94.58%). This study demonstrated that despite the neg. result of the mutagenicity test with TA98 and TA100 strains, the health risk of exposure to organic micropollutants in drinking water should not be neglected. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Dicyclohexyl phthalate (cas: 84-61-7Reference of 84-61-7).

Dicyclohexyl phthalate (cas: 84-61-7) belongs to esters. Volatile esters with characteristic odours are used in synthetic flavours, perfumes, and cosmetics. Certain volatile esters are used as solvents for lacquers, paints, and varnishes. Esters are more polar than ethers but less polar than alcohols. They participate in hydrogen bonds as hydrogen-bond acceptors, but cannot act as hydrogen-bond donors, unlike their parent alcohols. This ability to participate in hydrogen bonding confers some water-solubility.Reference of 84-61-7

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Comparison of chemical and enzymic synthesis of 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-d-mannose 6-phosphate: a new approach was written by Liu, M.-Z.;Lee, Y. C.. And the article was included in Carbohydrate Research in 2001.Name: (2S,3S,4R,5S,6R)-3-Acetamido-6-(acetoxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2,4,5-triyl triacetate This article mentions the following:

Chem. and enzymic methods to synthesis of 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-mannose-6-phosphate (ManNAc-6-P) have been investigated. A new preparative method has been developed although some established procedures were tried. In this new method, a 6-O-acetyl or 4,6-di-O-acetyl group of the per-O-acetylated 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-mannose (ManNAc) were regioselectively removed with an esterase from the yellow yeast, Rhodosporidium toruloides, followed by phosphorylation and O-deacetylation under mild conditions. ¹H and ¹³C NMR data spectra of ManNAc-6-P were recorded. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (2S,3S,4R,5S,6R)-3-Acetamido-6-(acetoxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2,4,5-triyl triacetate (cas: 6730-10-5Name: (2S,3S,4R,5S,6R)-3-Acetamido-6-(acetoxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2,4,5-triyl triacetate).

(2S,3S,4R,5S,6R)-3-Acetamido-6-(acetoxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2,4,5-triyl triacetate (cas: 6730-10-5) belongs to esters. Volatile esters with characteristic odours are used in synthetic flavours, perfumes, and cosmetics. Certain volatile esters are used as solvents for lacquers, paints, and varnishes. Esterification is the general name for a chemical reaction in which two reactants (typically an alcohol and an acid) form an ester as the reaction product. Esters are common in organic chemistry and biological materials.Name: (2S,3S,4R,5S,6R)-3-Acetamido-6-(acetoxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2,4,5-triyl triacetate

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Occurrence, concentration, and distribution of 38 organic micropollutants in the filter material of 12 stormwater bioretention facilities was written by Furen, Robert;Flanagan, Kelsey;Winston, Ryan J.;Tirpak, R. Andrew;Dorsey, Jay D.;Viklander, Maria;Blecken, Godecke-Tobias. And the article was included in Science of the Total Environment in 2022.Recommanded Product: Dicyclohexyl phthalate This article mentions the following:

The increased use of bioretention facilities as a low impact development measure for treating stormwater runoff underscores the need to further understand their long-term function. Eventually, bioretention filter media must be (partly) replaced and disposed of at the end of its functional lifespan. While there are several studies of metal accumulation and distributions in bioretention media, less is known about organic pollutant pathways and accumulation in these filters. The present study considers the occurrence and accumulation of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, 7 polychlorinated biphenyls, 13 phthalates, and two alkylphenols throughout 12 older bioretention facilities (7-13 years old) used for stormwater treatment in Michigan and Ohio, USA. These pollutant groups appear to behave similarly, with greater instances of detection and higher concentrations in the upper media layers which decrease with increased depth from the surface. The patterns of detection and concentration in the filter material may be explained by characteristics of the pollutants, such as mol. structures and solubility that affect the removal of the organic pollutants by the filter material. There is also a large variation in concentration magnitudes between the bioretention sites, most likely due to differences in pollutant sources, contributing catchment size and/or land uses. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Dicyclohexyl phthalate (cas: 84-61-7Recommanded Product: Dicyclohexyl phthalate).

Dicyclohexyl phthalate (cas: 84-61-7) belongs to esters. Esters typically have a pleasant smell; those of low molecular weight are commonly used as fragrances and are found in essential oils and pheromones. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides alcoholysis is another way to produce esters. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with alcohols to produce esters. Anydrous conditions are recommended since both acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with water.Recommanded Product: Dicyclohexyl phthalate

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Fucose-Galactose Polymers Inhibit Cholera Toxin Binding to Fucosylated Structures and Galactose-Dependent Intoxication of Human Enteroids was written by Cervin, Jakob;Boucher, Andrew;Youn, Gyusaang;Bjoerklund, Per;Wallenius, Ville;Mottram, Lynda;Sampson, Nicole S.;Yrlid, Ulf. And the article was included in ACS Infectious Diseases in 2020.Safety of (2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-6-(Acetoxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2,3,4,5-tetrayl tetraacetate This article mentions the following:

A promising strategy to limit cholera severity involves blockers mimicking the canonical cholera toxin ligand (CT) ganglioside GM1. However, to date the efficacies of most of these blockers have been evaluated in noncellular systems that lack ligands other than GM1. Importantly, the CT B subunit (CTB) has a noncanonical site that binds fucosylated structures, which in contrast to GM1 are highly expressed in the human intestine. Here we evaluate the capacity of norbornene polymers displaying galactose and/or fucose to block CTB binding to immobilized protein-linked glycan structures and also to primary human and murine small intestine epithelial cells (SI ECs). We show that the binding of CTB to human SI ECs is largely dependent on the noncanonical binding site, and interference with the canonical site has a limited effect while the opposite is observed with murine SI ECs. The galactose-fucose polymer blocks binding to fucosylated glycans but not to GM1. However, the preincubation of CT with the galactose-fucose polymer only partially blocks toxic effects on cultured human enteroid cells, while preincubation with GM1 completely blocks CT-mediated secretion. Our results support a model whereby the binding of fucose to the noncanonical site places CT in close proximity to scarcely expressed galactose receptors such as GM1 to enable binding via the canonical site leading to CT internalization and intoxication. Our finding also highlights the importance of complementing CTB binding studies with functional intoxication studies when assessing the efficacy inhibitors of CT. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-6-(Acetoxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2,3,4,5-tetrayl tetraacetate (cas: 4163-60-4Safety of (2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-6-(Acetoxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2,3,4,5-tetrayl tetraacetate).

(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-6-(Acetoxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2,3,4,5-tetrayl tetraacetate (cas: 4163-60-4) belongs to esters. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits, including apples, durians, pears, bananas, pineapples, and strawberries. Because of their lack of hydrogen-bond-donating ability, esters do not self-associate. Consequently, esters are more volatile than carboxylic acids of similar molecular weight.Safety of (2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-6-(Acetoxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2,3,4,5-tetrayl tetraacetate

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Pregnane X Receptor Mediates Atherosclerosis Induced by Dicyclohexyl Phthalate in LDL Receptor-Deficient Mice was written by Liu, Jingwei;Hernandez, Rebecca;Li, Xiuchun;Meng, Zhaojie;Chen, Hong;Zhou, Changcheng. And the article was included in Cells in 2022.HPLC of Formula: 84-61-7 This article mentions the following:

Plastic-associated endocrine disrupting chems. (EDCs) have been implicated in the etiol. of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in humans, but the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Dicyclohexyl phthalate (DCHP) is a widely used phthalate plasticizer; whether and how exposure to DCHP elicits adverse effects in vivo is mostly unknown. We previously reported that DCHP is a potent ligand of the pregnane X receptor (PXR) which acts as a xenobiotic sensor to regulate xenobiotic metabolism PXR also functions in macrophages to regulate atherosclerosis development in animal models. In the current study, LDL receptor-deficient mice with myeloid-specific PXR deficiency (PXRΔMyeLDLR-/-) and their control littermates (PXRF/FLDLR-/-) were used to determine the impact of DCHP exposure on macrophage function and atherosclerosis. Chronic exposure to DCHP significantly increased atherosclerotic lesion area in the aortic root and brachiocephalic artery of PXRF/FLDLR-/- mice by 65% and 77%, resp. By contrast, DCHP did not affect atherosclerosis development in PXRΔMyeLDLR-/- mice. Exposure to DCHP led to elevated expression of the scavenger receptor CD36 in macrophages and increased macrophage form cell formation in PXRF/FLDLR-/- mice. Our findings provide potential mechanisms underlying phthalate-associated CVD risk and will ultimately stimulate further investigations and mitigation of the adverse effects of plastic-associated EDCs on CVD risk in humans. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Dicyclohexyl phthalate (cas: 84-61-7HPLC of Formula: 84-61-7).

Dicyclohexyl phthalate (cas: 84-61-7) belongs to esters. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits, including apples, durians, pears, bananas, pineapples, and strawberries. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides alcoholysis is another way to produce esters. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with alcohols to produce esters. Anydrous conditions are recommended since both acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with water.HPLC of Formula: 84-61-7

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Rapid Discovery and Structure-Activity Profiling of Novel Inhibitors of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Protease Enabled by the Copper(I)-Catalyzed Synthesis of 1,2,3-Triazoles and Their Further Functionalization was written by Whiting, Matthew;Tripp, Jonathan C.;Lin, Ying-Chuan;Lindstrom, William;Olson, Arthur J.;Elder, John H.;Sharpless, K. Barry;Fokin, Valery V.. And the article was included in Journal of Medicinal Chemistry in 2006.Formula: C16H24N2O4 This article mentions the following:

Building from the results of a computational screen of a range of triazole-containing compounds for binding efficiency to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 protease (HIV-1-Pr), a novel series of potent inhibitors has been developed. The copper(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC), which provides ready access to 1,4-disubstituted-1,2,3-triazoles, was used to unite a focused library of azide-containing fragments with a diverse array of functionalized alkyne-containing building blocks. In combination with direct screening of the crude reaction products, this method led to the rapid identification of a lead structure and readily enabled optimization of both azide and alkyne fragments. Replacement of the triazole with a range of alternative linkers led to greatly reduced protease inhibition; however, further functionalization of the triazoles at the 5-position gave a series of compounds with increased activity, exhibiting K_i values as low as 8 nM. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (S)-tert-Butyl (1-(methoxy(methyl)amino)-1-oxo-3-phenylpropan-2-yl)carbamate (cas: 87694-53-9Formula: C16H24N2O4).

(S)-tert-Butyl (1-(methoxy(methyl)amino)-1-oxo-3-phenylpropan-2-yl)carbamate (cas: 87694-53-9) belongs to esters. Esters perform as high-grade solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers, and are one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market. Polyesters are important plastics, with monomers linked by ester moieties. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides alcoholysis is another way to produce esters. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with alcohols to produce esters. Anydrous conditions are recommended since both acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with water.Formula: C16H24N2O4

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Metabolite data of germinated Bambara groundnut flour and starch extracted with two different solvents was written by Oyedeji, Ajibola Bamikole;Chinma, Chiemela Enyinnaya;Green, Ezekiel;Adebo, Oluwafemi Ayodeji. And the article was included in Data in Brief in 2021.Formula: C20H26O4 This article mentions the following:

The data presented in this study represents the profile of metabolites of germinated Bambara groundnut flour (GBF) and starch (GBS) extracted using two different extraction solvents. Bambara groundnuts obtained from a local agro market in Minna, Niger State, Nigeria were germinated at 28 ± 1°C for 24, 48 and 72 h, dried and then processed into flour and starch. Raw Bambara groundnuts (0 h) were also processed into flour and starch and served as controls. Samples at the different germination times were extracted using methanol/water (80:20vol./volume) and acetonitrile/methanol/water (40:40:20 volume/volume/v), concentrated, reconstituted and analyzed on a gas chromatog.-high resolution time of flight-mass spectrometer (GC-HRTOF-MS). Data obtained were classified into compound groups such as acids, alcs., cyclic compounds, esters, ketones, phytosterols, vitamins and many others, and their characteristics such as the retention time, observed mass, mol. formular and mean peak areas were reported. These data represent the collection of metabolites in GBF and GBS and may be useful for the identification and utilization of functional compounds in foods. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Dicyclohexyl phthalate (cas: 84-61-7Formula: C20H26O4).

Dicyclohexyl phthalate (cas: 84-61-7) belongs to esters. Volatile esters with characteristic odours are used in synthetic flavours, perfumes, and cosmetics. Certain volatile esters are used as solvents for lacquers, paints, and varnishes. Liquid esters of low volatility serve as softening agents for resins and plastics. Esters also include many industrially important polymers. Polymethyl methacrylate is a glass substitute sold under the names Lucite and Plexiglas; polyethylene terephthalate is used as a film (Mylar) and as textile fibres sold as Terylene, Fortrel, and Dacron.Formula: C20H26O4

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Metathesis cascade strategies (ROM-RCM-CM): a DOS approach to skeletally diverse sultams was written by Jeon, Kyu Ok;Rayabarapu, Dinesh;Rolfe, Alan;Volp, Kelly;Omar, Iman;Hanson, Paul R.. And the article was included in Tetrahedron in 2009.Quality Control of (S)-tert-Butyl (1-(methoxy(methyl)amino)-1-oxo-3-phenylpropan-2-yl)carbamate This article mentions the following:

The development of a ring-opening metathesis/ring-closing metathesis/cross-metathesis (ROM-RCM-CM) cascade strategy to the synthesis of a diverse collection of bi- and tricyclic sultams is reported. In this study, functionalized sultam scaffolds derived from intramol. Diels-Alder (IMDA) reactions undergo metathesis cascades to yield a collection of tricyclic sultams, e.g. I. Addnl. appendage-based diversity was achieved by utilizing a variety of CM partners. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (S)-tert-Butyl (1-(methoxy(methyl)amino)-1-oxo-3-phenylpropan-2-yl)carbamate (cas: 87694-53-9Quality Control of (S)-tert-Butyl (1-(methoxy(methyl)amino)-1-oxo-3-phenylpropan-2-yl)carbamate).

(S)-tert-Butyl (1-(methoxy(methyl)amino)-1-oxo-3-phenylpropan-2-yl)carbamate (cas: 87694-53-9) belongs to esters. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits, including apples, durians, pears, bananas, pineapples, and strawberries. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides alcoholysis is another way to produce esters. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with alcohols to produce esters. Anydrous conditions are recommended since both acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with water.Quality Control of (S)-tert-Butyl (1-(methoxy(methyl)amino)-1-oxo-3-phenylpropan-2-yl)carbamate

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Monomer release from surgical guide resins manufactured with different 3D printing devices was written by Kessler, Andreas;Reichl, Franz-Xaver;Folwaczny, Matthias;Hoegg, Christof. And the article was included in Dental Materials in 2020.Application In Synthesis of Dicyclohexyl phthalate This article mentions the following:

The aim of this study was to assess the post curing monomer release of resins applicable for 3D printing of surgical implant guides in dependency of printing technique and storing media using high performance liquidchromatog.Specimens of Nextdent SG, Freeprint Splint. The highest eluted concentration for MMA in methanol was 20.27 ± 8.60μg/mL followed by 12.66 ± 3.38μg/mL of HPMA. HEMA was found at concentration of 11.17 ± 2.43μg/mL in methanol and 1.15 ± 0.11μg/mL in water. TPGDA and TEGDMA reached maximum concentration in methanol of 4.29 ± 0.54μg/mL and 5.07 ± 0.93μg/mL and in water of 0.79 ± 0.19μg/mL and 0.36 ± 0.14μg/mL, resp. Significant difference was found for the material Nextdent SG manufactured on SLA and DLP printing device for THFMA (p = 0.041), TEGDMA (p = 0.026), TPGDA (p = 0.05) and EGDMA (p = 0.06). The amount of monomers released into water did not reach the detection threshold for V-print SG.The study revealed significant influence of the printing technique and resin material on the elution of monomers. The elution in methanol and water was significantly different. While the relative amount of eluted monomers from 3D printed guides is comparable to conventional direct composites and below toxic relevant concentrations, the absolute amount of monomer can rise in a clinic situation due to the size of the guides. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Dicyclohexyl phthalate (cas: 84-61-7Application In Synthesis of Dicyclohexyl phthalate).

Dicyclohexyl phthalate (cas: 84-61-7) belongs to esters. Esters typically have a pleasant smell; those of low molecular weight are commonly used as fragrances and are found in essential oils and pheromones. Because of their lack of hydrogen-bond-donating ability, esters do not self-associate. Consequently, esters are more volatile than carboxylic acids of similar molecular weight.Application In Synthesis of Dicyclohexyl phthalate

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

LMP2 Inhibitors as a Potential Treatment for Alzheimer’s Disease was written by Bhattarai, Deepak;Lee, Min Jae;Baek, Ahruem;Yeo, In Jun;Miller, Zachary;Baek, Yu Mi;Lee, Sukyeong;Kim, Dong-Eun;Hong, Jin Tae;Kim, Kyung Bo. And the article was included in Journal of Medicinal Chemistry in 2020.Application of 87694-53-9 This article mentions the following:

The immunoproteasome (iP), an inducible proteasome variant harboring three immunosubunits, low mol. mass polypeptide-2 (LMP2), multicatalytic endopeptidase complex subunit-1, and low mol. mass polypeptide-7 (LMP7), is involved in multiple facets of inflammatory responses. We recently reported that YU102, a dual inhibitor of the iP subunit LMP2 and the constitutive proteasome catalytic subunit β1, ameliorates cognitive impairments in mouse models of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) independently of amyloid deposits. To investigate whether inhibition of LMP2 is sufficient to improve the cognitive functions of AD mice, here we prepared 37 YU102 analogs and identified a potent LMP2 inhibitor DB-310 (28) (IC₅₀: 80.6 nM) with improved selectivity and permeability in cells overexpressing ABCB1 transporters. We show that DB-310 induces suppression of IL-1α production in microglia cells and improves cognitive functions in the Tg2576 transgenic mouse model of AD. This study supports that inhibition of LMP2 is a promising therapeutic strategy for treatment of AD. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (S)-tert-Butyl (1-(methoxy(methyl)amino)-1-oxo-3-phenylpropan-2-yl)carbamate (cas: 87694-53-9Application of 87694-53-9).

(S)-tert-Butyl (1-(methoxy(methyl)amino)-1-oxo-3-phenylpropan-2-yl)carbamate (cas: 87694-53-9) belongs to esters. Carboxylic acid esters of low molecular weight are colourless, volatile liquids with pleasant odours, slightly soluble in water. Many esters have the potential for conformational isomerism, but they tend to adopt an s-cis (or Z) conformation rather than the s-trans (or E) alternative, due to a combination of hyperconjugation and dipole minimization effects. The preference for the Z conformation is influenced by the nature of the substituents and solvent, if present. Lactones with small rings are restricted to the s-trans (i.e. E) conformation due to their cyclic structure.Application of 87694-53-9

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics