Tag: 200-300

Esterification of Benzoic Acid with 2-Ethylhexanol in a Microwave Stirred-Tank Reactor was written by Pipus, G.;Plazl, I.;Koloini, T.. And the article was included in Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research in 2002.Computed Properties of C15H22O2 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

A microwave applicator with a 2.45-GHz magnetron generator, which provides 460 W of output power, and waveguides to a stirred-tank reactor with a full volume of 500 mL was designed. The microwave reactor operates at high pressure and high temperature Esterification of benzoic acid with 2-ethylhexanol was chosen as the model reaction. The esterification was homogeneously catalyzed with sulfuric acid and para-toluene sulfonic acid. As heterogeneous catalysts, Cs_2.5H_0.5PW₁₂O₄₀, sulfated ZrO₂, Fe₂(SO₄)₃, and montmorillonite KSF were used. For the same operating conditions, the rate of esterification was concluded to be the same in both the microwave reactor and conventional exptl. setups. The results show that homogeneous catalysts are more effective than heterogeneous catalysts. Fe₂(SO₄)₃ was the most effective catalyst among the solid catalysts tested. The conversions in the microwave stirred-tank reactor were in agreement with the conversions predicted on the basis of the kinetic parameters obtained under conventional heating. High-pressure and high-temperature operating conditions allowed the reaction rate of esterification to be greatly increased. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 2-Ethylhexyl benzoate (cas: 5444-75-7Computed Properties of C15H22O2).

2-Ethylhexyl benzoate (cas: 5444-75-7) belongs to esters. Volatile esters with characteristic odours are used in synthetic flavours, perfumes, and cosmetics. Certain volatile esters are used as solvents for lacquers, paints, and varnishes. Esters contain a carbonyl center, which gives rise to 120° C–C–O and O–C–O angles. Unlike amides, esters are structurally flexible functional groups because rotation about the C–O–C bonds has a low barrier. Their flexibility and low polarity is manifested in their physical properties; they tend to be less rigid (lower melting point) and more volatile (lower boiling point) than the corresponding amides. Computed Properties of C15H22O2

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Characteristics of particulate matter emissions from toy cars with electric motors was written by Wang, Xiaofei;Williams, Brent J.;Biswas, Pratim. And the article was included in Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association in 2015.Related Products of 5444-75-7 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Aerosol emissions from toy cars with elec. motors were characterized. Particle emission rates from the toy cars, as high as 7.47 × 10⁷ particles/s, were measured. This emission rate is lower than other indoor sources such as smoking and cooking. The particles emitted from toy cars are generated from spark discharges inside the elec. motors that power the toy cars. Size distribution measurements indicated that most particles were below 100 nm in diameter Copper was the dominant inorganic species in these particles. By deploying aerosol mass spectrometers, high concentrations of particulate organic matter were also detected and characterized in detail. Several organic compounds were identified using a thermal desorption aerosol gas chromatog. The mass size distribution of particulate organic matter was bimodal. The formation mechanism of particulate organic matter from toy cars was elucidated. Implications: A possible new source of indoor air pollution, particles from elec. motors in toy cars, was identified. This study characterized aerosol emissions from toy cars in detail. Most of these particles have a diameter less than 100 nm. Copper and some organics are the major components of these particles. Conditions that minimize these emissions were determined This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 2-Ethylhexyl benzoate (cas: 5444-75-7Related Products of 5444-75-7).

2-Ethylhexyl benzoate (cas: 5444-75-7) belongs to esters. Esters are also usually derived from carboxylic acids. It may also be obtained by reaction of acid anhydride or acid halides with alcohols or by the reaction of salts of carboxylic acids with alkyl halides. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides alcoholysis is another way to produce esters. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with alcohols to produce esters. Anydrous conditions are recommended since both acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with water.Related Products of 5444-75-7

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Characterizations of the Extracts from Geting Bituminous Coal by Spectrometries was written by Shi, Da-Ling;Wei, Xian-Yong;Fan, Xing;Zong, Zhi-Min;Chen, Bo;Zhao, Yun-Peng;Wang, Yu-Gao;Cao, Jing-Pei. And the article was included in Energy & Fuels in 2013.Recommanded Product: 5444-75-7 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Geting bituminous coal (GBC) was sequentially extracted with petroleum ether, carbon disulfide (CDS), methanol, acetone, and isometric CDS/acetone mixed solvent at room temperature to afford extracts 1-5 (E₁-E₅) and residue. Detailed characterizations of the extracts were performed with a gas chromatog./mass spectrometer (GC/MS), FTIR spectrometer, and direct anal. in real-time ionization source (DARTIS) coupled to an ion-trap mass spectrometer (ITMS). GBC and its residue were also analyzed with the FTIR spectrometer. Particle sizes of the residue were significantly reduced compared to those of GBC according to the observation with a scanning electron microscope. Arenes with 1-4 rings and more condensed arenes were enriched into E₁ and E₂, resp., while more heteroatom-containing organic species were detected in other extracts, especially in E₃ and E₄ according to GC/MS anal. The extracts, especially E₁-E₄, contain more aliphatic moieties and less aromatic moieties compared to GBC and its residue based on FTIR anal. DARTIS/ITMS proved to be a powerful tool for analyzing thermally labile and/or nonvolatile species, which are difficult to be identified with GC/MS, in the extracts This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 2-Ethylhexyl benzoate (cas: 5444-75-7Recommanded Product: 5444-75-7).

2-Ethylhexyl benzoate (cas: 5444-75-7) belongs to esters. Esters perform as high-grade solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers, and are one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market. Cyclic esters are called lactones, regardless of whether they are derived from an organic or inorganic acid. One example of an organic lactone is γ-valerolactone.Recommanded Product: 5444-75-7

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Reaction kinetics of melt post-polycondensation process for polycarbonate in film state was written by Chen, Mengdi;Bao, Jianna;Zheng, Mingfu;Zhang, Xianming;Chen, Wenxing. And the article was included in Journal of Applied Polymer Science in 2022.Formula: C13H10O3 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Melt post-polycondensation (MPP) process is one of manufactures industrially that can efficiently increase the mol. weight of polycarbonate (PC). Herein, the MPP experiments of several PC materials using quaternary ammonium hydroxides and alkali metal compounds as the catalyst in the film state are studied. The reaction products are characterized by Ubbelohde viscometer, DSC, ¹H-NMR, UV spectrophotometry, advanced polymer chromatog. and rotational rheometer. It is found that MPP can effectively improve the intrinsic viscosity of PC. After a certain reaction time at a specific temperature, the number average mol. weight (M_n) of PC is raised from 19,000 to 54,600 g/mol. Furthermore, the ¹H-NMR results reveal that Fries rearrangement products are produced during the MPP process. Based on the functional group model, a reaction kinetic model, combining the effects of the main melt polycondensation reaction and the Fries rearrangement reaction, is established for the first time. The reaction rate constants at different temperatures and the reaction activation energies of the two PC materials are obtained. This work provides a new reaction kinetics model to guide the MPP process of PC, which contains Fries rearrangement reaction. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Diphenyl carbonate (cas: 102-09-0Formula: C13H10O3).

Diphenyl carbonate (cas: 102-09-0) belongs to esters. Volatile esters with characteristic odours are used in synthetic flavours, perfumes, and cosmetics. Certain volatile esters are used as solvents for lacquers, paints, and varnishes. Many esters have the potential for conformational isomerism, but they tend to adopt an s-cis (or Z) conformation rather than the s-trans (or E) alternative, due to a combination of hyperconjugation and dipole minimization effects. The preference for the Z conformation is influenced by the nature of the substituents and solvent, if present. Lactones with small rings are restricted to the s-trans (i.e. E) conformation due to their cyclic structure.Formula: C13H10O3

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Organocatalytic ring-opening polymerization of disulfide functional macrocyclic carbonates: An alternative strategy to enzymatic catalysis was written by Yan, Bingkun;Liang, Bingyu;Hou, Jiaqian;Wei, Chao;Xiao, Yan;Lang, Meidong;Huang, Farong. And the article was included in European Polymer Journal in 2020.Reference of 102-09-0 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of macrocyclic carbonates (≥12 ring) is still challenging due to the associated low ring-strain. Although organometallic and enzyme based catalysts have been studied, disadvantages such as organometallic residue and enzymic nature limit their applications. After screening com. available organocatalysts, we report the use of organocatalysts for ROP of disulfide-containing macrocyclic carbonates (MSS, 16 ring). It was found that organocatalysts (TBD) presented high active and living ROP of MSS, as evidenced by kinetic studies, yielding main chain disulfide-containing polycarbonates with tailor-made structures and predictable mol. weights with low mol. weight distribution. Copolymerizations with trimethylene carbonate (TMC) generated random copolymers with controlled components, regulating the d. of disulfide functional groups. By comparing with the behaviors of enzyme catalysis in kinetic studies and (co-)polymerization, it is observed that organic catalyzed ROP showed more efficient (∼ ten times faster), milder condition and more controlled behaviors than enzyme catalyzed ROP (N-435). Therefore, we believe this organic catalyzed strategy will provide an alternative to the current enzymic and organometallic catalyst for ROP of macrocyclic carbonates. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Diphenyl carbonate (cas: 102-09-0Reference of 102-09-0).

Diphenyl carbonate (cas: 102-09-0) belongs to esters. Esters perform as high-grade solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers, and are one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market. Esters contain a carbonyl center, which gives rise to 120° C–C–O and O–C–O angles. Unlike amides, esters are structurally flexible functional groups because rotation about the C–O–C bonds has a low barrier. Their flexibility and low polarity is manifested in their physical properties; they tend to be less rigid (lower melting point) and more volatile (lower boiling point) than the corresponding amides. Reference of 102-09-0

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Degradation of a series of fluorinated acrylates and methacrylates initiated by OH radicals at different temperatures was written by Garcia, P. Lugo;Rivela, C. B.;Gibilisco, R. G.;Salgado, S.;Wiesen, P.;Teruel, M. A.;Blanco, M. B.. And the article was included in RSC Advances in 2020.Name: 1,1,1,3,3,3-Hexafluoroisopropylmethacrylate The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Rate coefficients for the gas-phase reactions of OH radicals with a series of fluorinated acrylates and methacrylates: 2,2,2-trifluoroethylmethacrylate (k₁), 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoroisopropylacrylate (k₂), 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoroisopropylmethacrylate (k₃), and 2,2,2-trifluoroethylacrylate (k₄) have been measured for the first time as a function of temperature in the range 290-308 K. The kinetic data obtained were used to derive the following Arrhenius expressions (in units of cm³ per mol. per s): k₁ = (2.13 ± 0.68) × 10^-18 exp[(4745 ± 206)/T], k₂ = (8.72 ± 0.68) × 10^-15 exp[(2166 ± 205)/T], k₃ = (6.30 ± 0.51) × 10^-17 exp[(3721 ± 153)/T] and k₄ = (3.93 ± 0.43) × 10^-16 exp[(3140 ± 129)/T]. The experiments were performed at normal atm. pressure in synthetic air using a 1080 L photoreactor and coupled with FTIR anal. to monitor the decay of the substances of interest and the reference compounds The obtained neg. temperature dependencies are in agreement with a mechanism implying an initial addition of the OH radical to the double bond. Atm. implications are discussed with reference to the rate coefficients obtained as a function of the temperature This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 1,1,1,3,3,3-Hexafluoroisopropylmethacrylate (cas: 3063-94-3Name: 1,1,1,3,3,3-Hexafluoroisopropylmethacrylate).

1,1,1,3,3,3-Hexafluoroisopropylmethacrylate (cas: 3063-94-3) belongs to esters. Esters typically have a pleasant smell; those of low molecular weight are commonly used as fragrances and are found in essential oils and pheromones. Because of their lack of hydrogen-bond-donating ability, esters do not self-associate. Consequently, esters are more volatile than carboxylic acids of similar molecular weight.Name: 1,1,1,3,3,3-Hexafluoroisopropylmethacrylate

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

A stereospecific synthesis of 12-acetoxy-1,3-dodecadiene, the sex pheromone of Diparopsis castanea (Hampson) was written by Cardillo, Giuliana;Orena, Mario;Porzi, Gianni;Sandri, Sergio. And the article was included in Gazzetta Chimica Italiana in 1980.COA of Formula: C14H24O2 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

(E)-CH₂:CHCH:CH(CH₂)₈OR (I; R = Ac), the pheromone of the red bollworm moth, was stereospecifically prepared by alkylation of THPOCH₂CCH (II, THP = tetrahydropyranyl) and successive LiAlH₄ reduction Thus, reaction of equimolar THPO(CH₂)₈I with II, BuLi, and (Me₂CH)₂NH in THF gave 80% R¹O(CH₂)₈CCCH₂OR¹ (III; R¹ = THP), which was hydrolyzed over Amberlyst H-15 in MeOH to give 92% diol (III; R¹ = H) (IV). Reduction of 20 mmol IV with LiAlH₄ gave 95% HO(CH₂)₈CH:CHR² (V; R² = CH₂OH), which (10 mmol) was oxidized with MnO₂ in CH₂Cl₂ to give quant. aldehyde (V; R² = CHO) (VI). Methylenation of 10 mmol VI with Hg, Mg, and CH₂I₂ in Et₂O at room temperature gave 83% I (R = H), which (5 mmol) was acetylated in pyridine at 0° to give 98% I (R = Ac). This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as (E)-Dodeca-9,11-dien-1-yl acetate (cas: 50767-78-7COA of Formula: C14H24O2).

(E)-Dodeca-9,11-dien-1-yl acetate (cas: 50767-78-7) belongs to esters. Carboxylic acid esters of low molecular weight are colourless, volatile liquids with pleasant odours, slightly soluble in water. Esterification is the general name for a chemical reaction in which two reactants (typically an alcohol and an acid) form an ester as the reaction product. Esters are common in organic chemistry and biological materials.COA of Formula: C14H24O2

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Preparation and characterization of novel functional tri-block copolymer for constructing temperature/redox dual-stimuli responsive micelles was written by Liu, Tianyue;Lang, Meidong. And the article was included in Journal of Macromolecular Science in 2022.Electric Literature of C13H10O3 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Herein, we reported a novel tri-block copolymer synthesized by segmented ring-opening polymerization of temperature-sensitive 5-(pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl) oxepan-2-one monomer (VPyCL) and redox-sensitive macrocyclic disulfide-substituted carbonate monomer (MSS). The structure of the copolymers was confirmed by GPC, 1H NMR and 13C NMR. The obtained tri-block copolymers could self-assemble in aqueous solution to form well-structured micelles, with the mPEG-b-PVPyCL block acting as the hydrophilic coronal and the PSS block acting as the hydrophobic core. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) studies confirmed that micelles formed by these tri-block copolymers with different block ratios could respond to different temperature ranges during the heating/cooling process and respond to reducing agent glutathione (GSH). In addition, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) results further confirmed the polymeric micelles′ dual-stimuli responsiveness. The potential application of this type of dual-stimuli responsive micelles in drug delivery systems was evaluated using doxorubicin (DOX) as the model mol. The stimulus-dependent responsive behaviors of obtained micelles can be applied to the construction of smart materials capable of performing multiple functions under the appropriate conditions. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Diphenyl carbonate (cas: 102-09-0Electric Literature of C13H10O3).

Diphenyl carbonate (cas: 102-09-0) belongs to esters. Esters perform as high-grade solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers, and are one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market. Polyesters are important plastics, with monomers linked by ester moieties. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides alcoholysis is another way to produce esters. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with alcohols to produce esters. Anydrous conditions are recommended since both acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with water.Electric Literature of C13H10O3

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Catalytic hydroboration of carbonyl derivatives by using phosphinimino amide ligated magnesium complexes was written by Li, Min;Liu, Xinli;Cui, Dongmei. And the article was included in Dalton Transactions in 2021.Related Products of 102-09-0 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Reduction of carbonyl derivatives by using Earth-abundant, cheap, and environmentally benign metal-based catalysts through an atom-efficient method is a challenging task. Herein, authors report the synthesis and characterization of dinuclear magnesium complexes 1–3 chelated by a phosphinimino amide skeleton. In combination with pinacolborane (HBpin) as a reducing agent, complex 1 bearing an ortho-Me substituent on the Ph ring of the ligand showed excellent reduction capability for a broad range of carbonyl derivatives under mild reaction conditions. Aldehydes, ketones, and acrolein substrates were efficiently reduced to the corresponding alkoxy-borane products with a record high TOF. Besides, acrolein derivatives were exclusively reduced to 1,2-regioselective products. Using two equivalent of HBpin, ester substrates were reduced to two kinds of alkoxy-borane products. Carbonate reduction accomplished by using complex 1 and three equivalent of HBpin afforded diols and a methanol precursor, resp. When chiral substrates such as (S)-1,2-propanediol carbonate and L-lactide or polymeric P(L-LA) were employed, the chirality was almost retained in their reductive products. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Diphenyl carbonate (cas: 102-09-0Related Products of 102-09-0).

Diphenyl carbonate (cas: 102-09-0) belongs to esters. Esters perform as high-grade solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers, and are one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market. Polyesters are important plastics, with monomers linked by ester moieties. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides alcoholysis is another way to produce esters. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with alcohols to produce esters. Anydrous conditions are recommended since both acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with water.Related Products of 102-09-0

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Biodegradation of bisphenol-A polycarbonate plastic by Pseudoxanthomonas sp. strain NyZ600 was written by Yue, Wenlong;Yin, Chao-Fan;Sun, Limin;Zhang, Jie;Xu, Ying;Zhou, Ning-Yi. And the article was included in Journal of Hazardous Materials in 2021.Product Details of 102-09-0 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Bisphenol-A polycarbonate (PC) is a widely used engineering thermoplastic and its release has caused damage to the ecosystem. Microbial degradation of plastic represents a sustainable approach for PC reduction In this study, a bacterial strain designated Pseudoxanthomonas sp. strain NyZ600 capable of degrading PC was isolated from activated sludge by using di-Ph carbonate as a surrogate substrate. Within a 30-day period of incubating with strain NyZ600, PC films were analyzed with at. force microscopy, scanning electron microscope, water contact angle, XPS, fourier transform IR spectroscopy, differential scan calorimeter and thermogravimetric anal. technique. The analyses results indicated that the treated PC films were bio-deteriorated and formed some “corrosion pits” on the PC film surface. In addition, strain NyZ600 performed broad depolymerization of PC indicated by the reduction of Mn from 23.55 to 16.75 kDa and Mw from 45.67 to 31.97 kDa and two degradation products bisphenol A and 4-cumylphenol (the two monomers of PC) were also found, which established that PC were biodegraded by strain NyZ600. Combing all above results, it is clear that the strain NyZ600 can degrade PC which provides a unique example for bacterial degradation of PC and a feasibility for the removal of PC waste. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Diphenyl carbonate (cas: 102-09-0Product Details of 102-09-0).

Diphenyl carbonate (cas: 102-09-0) belongs to esters. Esters are also usually derived from carboxylic acids. It may also be obtained by reaction of acid anhydride or acid halides with alcohols or by the reaction of salts of carboxylic acids with alkyl halides. Because of their lack of hydrogen-bond-donating ability, esters do not self-associate. Consequently, esters are more volatile than carboxylic acids of similar molecular weight.Product Details of 102-09-0

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics