Tag: 200-300

Hydroxamic Acids as Potent Inhibitors of Endothelin-Converting Enzyme from Human Bronchiolar Smooth Muscle was written by Bihovsky, Ron;Levinson, Barry L.;Loewi, Rivka C.;Erhardt, Paul W.;Polokoff, Mark A.. And the article was included in Journal of Medicinal Chemistry in 1995.COA of Formula: C11H20O4 This article mentions the following:

Hydroxamic acids HONHCOCHRCO-X-R¹ (I; R = H. CHMe₂, CH₂CHMe₂; X = β-Ala, Asn, Trp, Gly; R¹ = OH. NH₂), derived from malonyl amino acids, and HONHCHCH₂CH(CHMe₂)CO-X-R¹ (X = Asn, β-Ala, Trp, R¹ = OH, NH₂), derived from succinyl amino acids, were synthesized as inhibitors of human bronchiolar smooth muscle endothelin-converting enzyme (HBSM ECE). Several unexpected side reactions were discovered, particularly in the synthesis of hydroxamates derived from succinates. In vitro evaluation against human bronchiolar ECE revealed that in all cases hydroxamates derived from malonate were more potent than hydroxamates derived from succinate. P₁‘ side chains R = CHMe₂, CH₂CHMe₂ were suitable; omission of the P₁‘ side chain (R = H) seriously diminished potency. In the P₂‘ position, several amino acids gave potent malonate-derived hydroxamate inhibitors (IC₅₀ = 0.2-6.8 nM), and I (R = CHMe₂, X = β-Ala, R¹ = OH) (II) provided an extremely potent inhibitor (IC₅₀ = 0.01 nM). C-terminus carboxylates are much more potent ECE inhibitors than the corresponding amides. Most of the hydroxamates were also potent inhibitors of thermolysin and neutral endopeptidase (NEP); however, the P₂‘ β-Ala derivative II uniquely inhibited HBSM ECE much more potently than NEP. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Diethyl isobutylmalonate (cas: 10203-58-4COA of Formula: C11H20O4).

Diethyl isobutylmalonate (cas: 10203-58-4) belongs to esters. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits. Because of their lack of hydrogen-bond-donating ability, esters do not self-associate. Consequently, esters are more volatile than carboxylic acids of similar molecular weight.COA of Formula: C11H20O4

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Development of small-molecule inhibitors of fatty acyl-AMP and fatty acyl-CoA ligases in Mycobacterium tuberculosis was written by Baran, Marzena;Grimes, Kimberly D.;Sibbald, Paul A.;Fu, Peng;Boshoff, Helena I. M.;Wilson, Daniel J.;Aldrich, Courtney C.. And the article was included in European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry in 2020.Application In Synthesis of 12-Methoxy-12-oxododecanoic acid This article mentions the following:

Lipid metabolism in Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) relies on 34 fatty acid adenylating enzymes (FadDs) that can be grouped into two classes: fatty acyl-CoA ligases (FACLs) involved in lipid and cholesterol catabolism and long chain fatty acyl-AMP ligases (FAALs) involved in biosynthesis of the numerous essential and virulence-conferring lipids found in Mtb. The precise biochem. roles of many FACLs remain poorly characterized while the functionally non-redundant FAALs are much better understood. Here we describe the systematic investigation of 5′-O-[N-(alkanoyl)sulfamoyl]adenosine (alkanoyl adenosine monosulfamate, alkanoyl-AMS) analogs as potential multitarget FadD inhibitors for their antitubercular activity and biochem. selectivity towards representative FAAL and FACL enzymes. We identified several potent compounds including 12-azidododecanoyl-AMS, 11-phenoxyundecanoyl-AMS, and nonyloxyacetyl-AMS with min. inhibitory concentrations (MICs) against M. tuberculosis ranging from 0.098 to 3.13μM. Compound I was notable for its impressive biochem. selectivity against FAAL28 (apparent K_i = 0.7μM) vs. FACL19 (K_i > 100μM), and uniform activity against a panel of multidrug and extensively drug-resistant TB strains with MICs ranging from 3.13 to 12.5μM in minimal (GAST) and rich (7H9) media. The SAR anal. provided valuable insights for further optimization of I and also identified limitations to overcome. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 12-Methoxy-12-oxododecanoic acid (cas: 3903-40-0Application In Synthesis of 12-Methoxy-12-oxododecanoic acid).

12-Methoxy-12-oxododecanoic acid (cas: 3903-40-0) belongs to esters. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits, including apples, durians, pears, bananas, pineapples, and strawberries. Cyclic esters are called lactones, regardless of whether they are derived from an organic or inorganic acid. One example of an organic lactone is γ-valerolactone.Application In Synthesis of 12-Methoxy-12-oxododecanoic acid

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Pd-catalyzed decarboxylative cross-couplings of potassium malonate monoesters with aryl halides was written by Feng, Yi-Si;Wu, Wei;Xu, Zhong-Qiu;Li, Yan;Li, Ming;Xu, Hua-Jian. And the article was included in Tetrahedron in 2012.Application of 1190-39-2 This article mentions the following:

An efficient catalytic protocol for Pd-catalyzed decarboxylative cross-coupling of potassium malonate monoesters and derivatives with aryl bromides and chlorides are described. E.g., in presence of Pd₂(allyl)₂Cl₂ and BINAP, decarboxylative cross-coupling of EtO₂CCH₂CO₂K with PhBr gave 85% PhCH₂CO₂Et. Because of its broad applicability, this new catalytic system provides an alternative method for the preparation of diverse aryl acetic acids and derivatives In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, malonic acid dibutyl ester (cas: 1190-39-2Application of 1190-39-2).

malonic acid dibutyl ester (cas: 1190-39-2) belongs to esters. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits. Liquid esters of low volatility serve as softening agents for resins and plastics. Esters also include many industrially important polymers. Polymethyl methacrylate is a glass substitute sold under the names Lucite and Plexiglas; polyethylene terephthalate is used as a film (Mylar) and as textile fibres sold as Terylene, Fortrel, and Dacron.Application of 1190-39-2

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Relationship between the effects on bactericidal activity of selected disinfectants and the hydrophobic characters of dibasic acid diesters was written by Furuta, Taro;Kihara, Koji. And the article was included in Chemical & Pharmaceutical Bulletin in 1992.Application of 1190-39-2 This article mentions the following:

Test solutions which contained 80% EtOH and 0.2% chlorhexidine (CH) or benzalkonium chloride (BC) were prepared with or without a dibasic acid diester. After complete evaporation of the EtOH from the solution on filter paper, an overnight broth culture (Staphylococcus aureus) was repeatedly inoculated onto the filter paper and viable bacterial counts were measured at 5 min after the last inoculation. By comparison with viable counts for CH or BC alone, the potentiating effects of dibasic acid diesters on the bactericidal activity of CH or BC were estimated The activity of the 2 disinfectants was potentiated in the presence of certain homologs of di-n-Bu esters of aliphatic dibasic acids and di-alkyl esters of adipic and phthalic acids. Diisobutyl adipate, one of the most effective diesters, substantially enhanced the bactericidal activities of benzethonium chloride, cetyl pyridinium chloride, and didecyl di-Me ammonium chloride, as well as CH and BC, but not those of polyhexamethylene biguanide or alkyldiaminoethyl glycinate. The potentiating effects of dibasic acid diesters observed for both CH and BC seemed to be affected by the hydrophobic character of these diesters themselves and are also expressed well by a particular quadratic equation as a function of these characters: namely, capacity factors, as determined by HPLC. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, malonic acid dibutyl ester (cas: 1190-39-2Application of 1190-39-2).

malonic acid dibutyl ester (cas: 1190-39-2) belongs to esters. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides alcoholysis is another way to produce esters. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with alcohols to produce esters. Anydrous conditions are recommended since both acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with water.Application of 1190-39-2

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Straightforward access to N-trifluoromethyl amides, carbamates, thiocarbamates and ureas was written by Scattolin, Thomas;Bouayad-Gervais, Samir;Schoenebeck, Franziska. And the article was included in Nature (London, United Kingdom) in 2019.Electric Literature of C14H11NOS This article mentions the following:

Amides and related carbonyl derivatives are of central importance across the phys. and life sciences^1,2. As a key biol. building block, the stability and conformation of amides affect the structures of peptides and proteins as well as their biol. function. In addition, amide-bond formation is one of the most frequently used chem. transformations^3,4. Given their ubiquity, a technol. that is capable of modifying the fundamental properties of amides without compromising on stability may have considerable potential in pharmaceutical, agrochem. and materials science. In order to influence the phys. properties of organic mols.-such as solubility, lipophilicity, conformation, pK_a and (metabolic) stability-fluorination approaches have been widely adopted^5-7. Similarly, site-specific modification with isosteres and peptidomimetics⁸, or in particular by N-methylation⁹, has been used to improve the stability, phys. properties, bioactivities and cellular permeabilities of compounds However, the N-trifluoromethyl carbonyl motif-which combines both N-methylation and fluorination approaches-has not yet been explored, owing to a lack of efficient methodol. to synthesize it. Here the authors report a straightforward method to access N-trifluoromethyl analogs of amides and related carbonyl compounds The strategy relies on the operationally simple preparation of bench-stable carbamoyl fluoride building blocks, which can be readily diversified to the corresponding N-CF₃ amides, carbamates, thiocarbamates and ureas. This method tolerates rich functionality and stereochem., and the authors present numerous examples of highly functionalized compounds-including analogs of widely used drugs, antibiotics, hormones and polymer units. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-Benzyloxyphenylisothiocyanate (cas: 206559-36-6Electric Literature of C14H11NOS).

3-Benzyloxyphenylisothiocyanate (cas: 206559-36-6) belongs to esters. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits, including apples, durians, pears, bananas, pineapples, and strawberries. Esters contain a carbonyl center, which gives rise to 120° C–C–O and O–C–O angles. Unlike amides, esters are structurally flexible functional groups because rotation about the C–O–C bonds has a low barrier. Their flexibility and low polarity is manifested in their physical properties; they tend to be less rigid (lower melting point) and more volatile (lower boiling point) than the corresponding amides. Electric Literature of C14H11NOS

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Synthesis of novel rigid-rod and tripodal azulene chromophores was written by Lamberto, Massimiliano;Pagba, Cynthia;Piotrowiak, Piotr;Galoppini, Elena. And the article was included in Tetrahedron Letters in 2005.Product Details of 313648-56-5 This article mentions the following:

Two novel azulene chromophores and were synthesized to study dynamics of ultrafast electron injection at the interface of TiO₂ semiconductor nanoparticles. Fluorescence quenching was observed upon binding. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Dimethyl 5-ethynylisophthalate (cas: 313648-56-5Product Details of 313648-56-5).

Dimethyl 5-ethynylisophthalate (cas: 313648-56-5) belongs to esters. Esters typically have a pleasant smell; those of low molecular weight are commonly used as fragrances and are found in essential oils and pheromones. Esters contain a carbonyl center, which gives rise to 120° C–C–O and O–C–O angles. Unlike amides, esters are structurally flexible functional groups because rotation about the C–O–C bonds has a low barrier. Their flexibility and low polarity is manifested in their physical properties; they tend to be less rigid (lower melting point) and more volatile (lower boiling point) than the corresponding amides. Product Details of 313648-56-5

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Dissecting fine-flavor cocoa bean fermentation through metabolomics analysis to break down the current metabolic paradigm was written by Herrera-Rocha, Fabio;Cala, Monica P.;Aguirre Mejia, Jenny Lorena;Rodriguez-Lopez, Claudia M.;Chica, Maria Jose;Olarte, Hector Hugo;Fernandez-Nino, Miguel;Gonzalez Barrios, Andres Fernando. And the article was included in Scientific Reports in 2021.Formula: C12H14O4 This article mentions the following:

Cocoa fermentation plays a crucial role in producing flavor and bioactive compounds of high demand for food and nutraceutical industries. Such fermentations are frequently described as a succession of three main groups of microorganisms (i.e., yeast, lactic acid, and acetic acid bacteria), each producing a relevant metabolite (i.e., ethanol, lactic acid, and acetic acid). Nevertheless, this view of fermentation overlooks two critical observations: the role of minor groups of microorganisms to produce valuable compounds and the influence of environmental factors (other than oxygen availability) on their biosynthesis. Dissecting the metabolome during spontaneous cocoa fermentation is a current challenge for the rational design of controlled fermentations This study evaluates variations in the metabolic fingerprint during spontaneous fermentation of fine flavor cocoa through a multiplatform metabolomics approach. Our data suggested the presence of two phases of differential metabolic activity that correlate with the observed variations on temperature over fermentations: an exothermic and an isothermic phase. We observed a continuous increase in temperature from day 0 to day 4 of fermentation and a significant variation in flavonoids and peptides between phases. While the second phase, from day four on, was characterized for lower metabolic activity, concomitant with small upward and downward fluctuations in temperature Our work is the first to reveal two phases of metabolic activity concomitant with two temperature phases during spontaneous cocoa fermentation Here, we proposed a new paradigm of cocoa fermentation that considers the changes in the global metabolic activity over fermentation, thus changing the current paradigm based only on three main groups of microorganism and their primary metabolic products. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4-Formyl-2-methoxyphenyl isobutyrate (cas: 20665-85-4Formula: C12H14O4).

4-Formyl-2-methoxyphenyl isobutyrate (cas: 20665-85-4) belongs to esters. Esters are also usually derived from carboxylic acids. It may also be obtained by reaction of acid anhydride or acid halides with alcohols or by the reaction of salts of carboxylic acids with alkyl halides. Many esters have the potential for conformational isomerism, but they tend to adopt an s-cis (or Z) conformation rather than the s-trans (or E) alternative, due to a combination of hyperconjugation and dipole minimization effects. The preference for the Z conformation is influenced by the nature of the substituents and solvent, if present. Lactones with small rings are restricted to the s-trans (i.e. E) conformation due to their cyclic structure.Formula: C12H14O4

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Identification of chemicals of emerging concern in urine of Flemish adolescents using a new suspect screening workflow for LC-QTOF-MS was written by Caballero-Casero, Noelia;Castro, Gabriela;Bastiaensen, Michiel;Gys, Celine;van Larebeke, Nik;Schoeters, Greet;Covaci, Adrian. And the article was included in Chemosphere in 2021.Quality Control of Dimethyl decanedioate This article mentions the following:

An essential step in human biomonitoring or mol. epidemiol. programs is to estimate human exposure to environmental chems. Despite significant progress in the capabilities of anal. methods, the number of pollutants and their metabolites keeps increasing continuously. Some of these relatively unknown chems. of emerging concern (CECs) may pose significant health risks to humans and biota, but remain virtually undetected in traditional HBM-studies. Non-target and suspect screening techniques based on high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) perform the detection and identification of compounds without any a priori compound selection or chem. information and provide a more holistic overview of human exposure. In this study, 50 urine samples (25 female and 25 male) from a larger cohort of the Flemish Environment and Health Study (FLEHS IV, 2016-2020) have been submitted to suspect screening anal., with the aim of detecting and identifying new CECs. For this purpose, an anal. method has been developed, optimized and evaluated in terms of anal. performance. Satisfactory results were obtained in terms of reproducibility, sensitivity and quality control. Data-mining was performed through the combination of two different workflows. The use of two complementary workflows enhanced the number of identified compounds As a result, 45 CECs have been identified with a level of confidence ranged between 3 and 1. Most of the identified compounds were metabolisation products, many of which were currently not included in the targeted measurements of FLEHS IV. The identified chems. and metabolites could be used as candidate biomarkers of exposure in future studies. Overall, the newly developed suspect screening workflow of this pilot study provided complementary and promising results for future HBM-programs. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Dimethyl decanedioate (cas: 106-79-6Quality Control of Dimethyl decanedioate).

Dimethyl decanedioate (cas: 106-79-6) belongs to esters. Esters typically have a pleasant smell; those of low molecular weight are commonly used as fragrances and are found in essential oils and pheromones. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides alcoholysis is another way to produce esters. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with alcohols to produce esters. Anydrous conditions are recommended since both acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with water.Quality Control of Dimethyl decanedioate

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Well-defined core-shell nanostructural block copolymer supported recyclable Bronsted acidic ionic liquid catalyst for the synthesis of biodiesel was written by Jiang, Jian;Wang, Songmeng;Kong, Yuanfang;Yan, Wei;Chen, Hao;Liu, Lingyan;Chang, Weixing;Li, Jing. And the article was included in European Polymer Journal in 2020.Electric Literature of C14H12S2 This article mentions the following:

A series of Bronsted acidic ionic liquid catalysts was synthesized by anchoring 1-(3-sulfopropyl)pyridinium trifluoromethanesulfonate onto the stable core-shell micelles, which were formed by crosslinking various chain length ratios PS-b-P4VP in toluene with 1,4-dibromobutane. These catalysts display excellent catalytic activity in the esterification or transesterification of palmitic acid or glycerol tripalmitate with methanol or ethanol to synthesize the biodiesel (yield > 99%) in the presence of 4 mol% catalyst loading. Furthermore, the biodiesel yield was maintained about 90% even with a water content of 10 wt% corresponding to the total weight of reaction system. More importantly, these supported catalysts with core-shell structure could be recycled for 5-6 times (5 cycles: yield 89.3%, 6 cycles: yield 84%) only by simple centrifugation without appreciating activity decrease. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Benzyl benzodithioate (cas: 27249-90-7Electric Literature of C14H12S2).

Benzyl benzodithioate (cas: 27249-90-7) belongs to esters. Volatile esters with characteristic odours are used in synthetic flavours, perfumes, and cosmetics. Certain volatile esters are used as solvents for lacquers, paints, and varnishes. Esters contain a carbonyl center, which gives rise to 120° C–C–O and O–C–O angles. Unlike amides, esters are structurally flexible functional groups because rotation about the C–O–C bonds has a low barrier. Their flexibility and low polarity is manifested in their physical properties; they tend to be less rigid (lower melting point) and more volatile (lower boiling point) than the corresponding amides. Electric Literature of C14H12S2

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Rh-Catalyzed Coupling of Acrylic/Benzoic Acids with α-Diazocarbonyl Compounds: An Alternative Route for α-Pyrones and Isocoumarins was written by Hong, Chao;Yu, Shuling;Liu, Zhanxiang;Zhang, Yuhong. And the article was included in Organic Letters in 2022.Synthetic Route of C12H14O3 This article mentions the following:

A coupling of acrylic acids/benzoic acids with α-diazocarbonyl compounds had been realized by a combined catalytic system of rhodium catalyst and Zn(OAc)₂ additive. The presence of Zn(OAc)₂ obviously accelerates the C(sp²)-H activation and destructed the formation of carboxylic ester that was formed via a nucleophilic O-H insertion to metal carbenoid. The procedure featured mild reaction conditions and broad substrate scope, providing a straightforward approach to the synthesis of α-pyrones I [R¹ = Me, Ph, Bn, etc.; R² = H, Me, Ph; R¹R² = (CH₂)₄; R³ = Me, Et, allyl, t-Bu, R⁴ = Me, Et, Ph, etc.] and isocoumarins II [R = H, 8-Me, 8-Me-6-MeO, etc.] without the transformation of carboxylic acids to the corresponding amides. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Ethyl 3-oxo-3-(m-tolyl)propanoate (cas: 33166-79-9Synthetic Route of C12H14O3).

Ethyl 3-oxo-3-(m-tolyl)propanoate (cas: 33166-79-9) belongs to esters. Esters typically have a pleasant smell; those of low molecular weight are commonly used as fragrances and are found in essential oils and pheromones. Liquid esters of low volatility serve as softening agents for resins and plastics. Esters also include many industrially important polymers. Polymethyl methacrylate is a glass substitute sold under the names Lucite and Plexiglas; polyethylene terephthalate is used as a film (Mylar) and as textile fibres sold as Terylene, Fortrel, and Dacron.Synthetic Route of C12H14O3

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics