Tag: 200-300

The effect of side chains on the performance of solar cells fabricated from poly[2-methoxy-5-(2′-ethylhexoxy)-1,4-phenylene vinylene] and C₆₀ dicarboxylate was written by Zheng, Liping;Zhou, Qingmei;Deng, Xianyu;Wang, Fei;Ning, Bin;Guo, Zhi-Xin;Yu, Gang;Cao, Yong. And the article was included in Thin Solid Films in 2005.Recommanded Product: malonic acid dibutyl ester This article mentions the following:

This paper presents the synthesis of several new C₆₀ dicarboxylate esters. Blends with poly[2-methoxy-5-(2′-ethylhexoxy)-1,4-phenylene vinylene] were fabricated into polymer solar cells and the photovoltaic properties were tested. Effects of the substitution group attached to C₆₀ core on the photovoltaic properties were studied. Energy conversion efficiency increased at 1st, and then decreased with increasing size of substitution group. Also group polarity plays an important role in the performance of polymer photovoltaic devices. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, malonic acid dibutyl ester (cas: 1190-39-2Recommanded Product: malonic acid dibutyl ester).

malonic acid dibutyl ester (cas: 1190-39-2) belongs to esters. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits. Many esters have the potential for conformational isomerism, but they tend to adopt an s-cis (or Z) conformation rather than the s-trans (or E) alternative, due to a combination of hyperconjugation and dipole minimization effects. The preference for the Z conformation is influenced by the nature of the substituents and solvent, if present. Lactones with small rings are restricted to the s-trans (i.e. E) conformation due to their cyclic structure.Recommanded Product: malonic acid dibutyl ester

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Asymmetric binding of symmetric guests in a water-soluble cavitand was written by Yu, Yang;Zhang, Kang-da;Petsalakis, Ioannis D.;Theodorakopoulos, Giannoula;Rebek, Julius Jr.. And the article was included in Supramolecular Chemistry in 2018.HPLC of Formula: 3903-40-0 This article mentions the following:

Binding of long aliphatic chains in water-soluble container compounds is driven by the hydrophobic effect: the CH2 groups of the guests are buried from water and solvate the inner aromatic surface of the host. The hydrophobic forces and the CH-π attractions are often sufficient to contort the guests into otherwise unfavorable shapes. Here we show that alkanes, α,ω-diols, α,ω-diacids and their Me esters assume folded, J-shaped conformations in a water-soluble cavitand. The environment of the guest’s ends interconvert rapidly on the NMR timescale through yo-yo like motions. The applications of water-soluble cavitands to reaction processes are discussed in the context of moving vs. fixed guest ends. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 12-Methoxy-12-oxododecanoic acid (cas: 3903-40-0HPLC of Formula: 3903-40-0).

12-Methoxy-12-oxododecanoic acid (cas: 3903-40-0) belongs to esters. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits, including apples, durians, pears, bananas, pineapples, and strawberries. Esters contain a carbonyl center, which gives rise to 120° C–C–O and O–C–O angles. Unlike amides, esters are structurally flexible functional groups because rotation about the C–O–C bonds has a low barrier. Their flexibility and low polarity is manifested in their physical properties; they tend to be less rigid (lower melting point) and more volatile (lower boiling point) than the corresponding amides. HPLC of Formula: 3903-40-0

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

2-[3-Alkoxy-4-(hydroxy, alkoxy, acyloxy)phenyl]-2,3-dihydro-1H-benzimidazoles on the basis of vanillin and vanillal derivatives was written by Dikusar, E. A.;Kozlov, N. G.;Potkin, V. I.. And the article was included in Russian Journal of General Chemistry in 2007.Product Details of 20665-85-4 This article mentions the following:

Previously unknown 2-[3-alkoxy-4-(hydroxy-, alkoxy-, and acyloxy)phenyl]-2,3-dihydro-1H-benzimidazoles were prepared by the reaction of aldehydes of the vanillin series and their ethers and esters with 1,2-phenylenediamine in absolute MeOH. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4-Formyl-2-methoxyphenyl isobutyrate (cas: 20665-85-4Product Details of 20665-85-4).

4-Formyl-2-methoxyphenyl isobutyrate (cas: 20665-85-4) belongs to esters. Esters perform as high-grade solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers, and are one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market. Esters contain a carbonyl center, which gives rise to 120° C–C–O and O–C–O angles. Unlike amides, esters are structurally flexible functional groups because rotation about the C–O–C bonds has a low barrier. Their flexibility and low polarity is manifested in their physical properties; they tend to be less rigid (lower melting point) and more volatile (lower boiling point) than the corresponding amides. Product Details of 20665-85-4

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Preparative synthesis of {[4-hydroxy(alkyloyloxy, aryloyloxy)-3-methoxy(ethoxy)phenyl]methylene}(4-carboxyphenyl)amines was written by Dikusar, E. A.;Kozlov, N. G.;Zhukovskaya, N. A.;Potkin, V. I.;Ogorodnikova, M. M.;Zelenkovskii, V. M.. And the article was included in Russian Journal of Organic Chemistry in 2006.Recommanded Product: 4-Formyl-2-methoxyphenyl isobutyrate This article mentions the following:

By reactions of vanillin, vanillal, and their esters with 4-aminobenzoic acid in methanol formerly unknown E-isomers of azomethines (Schiff bases) were prepared In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4-Formyl-2-methoxyphenyl isobutyrate (cas: 20665-85-4Recommanded Product: 4-Formyl-2-methoxyphenyl isobutyrate).

4-Formyl-2-methoxyphenyl isobutyrate (cas: 20665-85-4) belongs to esters. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits, including apples, durians, pears, bananas, pineapples, and strawberries. Because of their lack of hydrogen-bond-donating ability, esters do not self-associate. Consequently, esters are more volatile than carboxylic acids of similar molecular weight.Recommanded Product: 4-Formyl-2-methoxyphenyl isobutyrate

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Discovery of isoxazolinone antibacterial agents. Nitrogen as a replacement for the stereogenic center found in oxazolidinone antibacterials was written by Snyder, Lawrence B.;Meng, Zhaoxing;Mate, Robert;D’Andrea, Stanley V.;Marinier, Anne;Quesnelle, Claude A.;Gill, Patrice;DenBleyker, Kenneth L.;Fung-Tomc, Joan C.;Frosco, MaryBeth;Martel, Alain;Barrett, John F.;Bronson, Joanne J.. And the article was included in Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters in 2004.HPLC of Formula: 2327-45-9 This article mentions the following:

A series of potential antimicrobial derivatives possessing bioisosteric replacements for the central oxazolidinone ring found in oxazolidinone antibacterials have been prepared The design concept involved replacement of the requisite sp³-hybridized stereogenic center found at the 5-position of the oxazolidinone with a nitrogen atom. The synthesis and antibacterial activity of three such ring systems, the benzisoxazolinones, e.g., I, pyrroles, e.g., II, and isoxazolinones, e.g., III, is described. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Methyl 5-methoxy-2-nitrobenzoate (cas: 2327-45-9HPLC of Formula: 2327-45-9).

Methyl 5-methoxy-2-nitrobenzoate (cas: 2327-45-9) belongs to esters. Carboxylic acid esters of low molecular weight are colourless, volatile liquids with pleasant odours, slightly soluble in water. Liquid esters of low volatility serve as softening agents for resins and plastics. Esters also include many industrially important polymers. Polymethyl methacrylate is a glass substitute sold under the names Lucite and Plexiglas; polyethylene terephthalate is used as a film (Mylar) and as textile fibres sold as Terylene, Fortrel, and Dacron.HPLC of Formula: 2327-45-9

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Design of novel malonates as internal donors for MgCl₂-supported TiCl₄ type polypropylene catalysts and their mechanistic aspects, Part 1 was written by Tanase, Shohjiroh;Katayama, Kiyokazu;Yabunouchi, Nobuhiro;Sadashima, Takanori;Tomotsu, Norio;Ishihara, Nobuhide. And the article was included in Journal of Molecular Catalysis A: Chemical in 2007.Recommanded Product: malonic acid dibutyl ester This article mentions the following:

Various malonate compounds (R¹R²C(COOBu)₂) with different substituents (R¹, R²) were systematically synthesized and investigated for use as an internal donor (ID) in combination with a MgCl₂-supported TiCl₄ type catalyst, a triethylaluminum (TEA) co-catalyst and an alkoxysilane external donor (ED) for application in propylene polymerization The catalytic activity and isotacticity of polypropylene (PP) greatly depended on not only the oxygen electron d. of the ED, but also on the mol. volume of the ID. Furthermore, the mechanism of the active site formation was discussed with respect to the composition of the catalyst treated with TEA and ED, and with respect to the temperature rising elution fractionation (TREF) results of PP and so on. It was presumed that the desorption of malonates near Ti species from MgCl₂ caused the generation of atactic PP sites, and the decrease of the isotacticity of PP. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, malonic acid dibutyl ester (cas: 1190-39-2Recommanded Product: malonic acid dibutyl ester).

malonic acid dibutyl ester (cas: 1190-39-2) belongs to esters. Esters are also usually derived from carboxylic acids. It may also be obtained by reaction of acid anhydride or acid halides with alcohols or by the reaction of salts of carboxylic acids with alkyl halides. Esters are more polar than ethers but less polar than alcohols. They participate in hydrogen bonds as hydrogen-bond acceptors, but cannot act as hydrogen-bond donors, unlike their parent alcohols. This ability to participate in hydrogen bonding confers some water-solubility.Recommanded Product: malonic acid dibutyl ester

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Desymmetrization of meso-Dicarbonatecyclohexene with β-Hydrazino Carboxylic Esters via a Pd-Catalyzed Allylic Substitution Cascade was written by Xu, Kai;Zheng, Yan;Ye, Yong;Liu, Delong;Zhang, Wanbin. And the article was included in Organic Letters in 2020.Electric Literature of C12H14O3 This article mentions the following:

The desymmetrization of meso-dicarbonatecyclohexene with β-hydrazino carboxylic esters has been achieved via a RuPHOX/Pd-catalyzed allylic substitution cascade for the construction of chiral hexahydrocinnoline derivatives with high performance. Mechanistic studies reveal that the reaction exploits a pathway different from that of our previous work and that the first nitrogen nucleophilic process is the rate-determining step. The protocol could be conducted on a gram scale without any loss of catalytic behavior, and the corresponding chiral hexahydrocinnolines can undergo diverse transformations. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Ethyl 3-oxo-3-(m-tolyl)propanoate (cas: 33166-79-9Electric Literature of C12H14O3).

Ethyl 3-oxo-3-(m-tolyl)propanoate (cas: 33166-79-9) belongs to esters. Esters are also usually derived from carboxylic acids. It may also be obtained by reaction of acid anhydride or acid halides with alcohols or by the reaction of salts of carboxylic acids with alkyl halides. Esters are more polar than ethers but less polar than alcohols. They participate in hydrogen bonds as hydrogen-bond acceptors, but cannot act as hydrogen-bond donors, unlike their parent alcohols. This ability to participate in hydrogen bonding confers some water-solubility.Electric Literature of C12H14O3

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Homoleptic “Star” Ru(II) Polypyridyl Complexes: Shielded Chromophores to Study Charge-Transfer at the Sensitizer-TiO₂ Interface was written by Johansson, Patrik G.;Zhang, Yongyi;Meyer, Gerald J.;Galoppini, Elena. And the article was included in Inorganic Chemistry in 2013.Formula: C12H10O4 This article mentions the following:

Three homoleptic star-shaped Ru polypyridyl complexes, termed Star YZ1, Star YZ2, and Star YZ3, where the Ru(II) center is coordinated to three bipyridine ligands each carrying two oligo(phenylene ethynylene) (OPE) rigid linker units terminating with isophthalic ester (Ipa) groups for binding to metal-oxide surfaces were synthesized. In Star YZ3, each OPE linker was substituted with two n-butoxy (BuO) solubilizing groups. Star complex YZ4, which is homoleptic but lacks the octahedral symmetry, was synthesized as a reference compound The Star complexes were synthesized using two approaches: in the first, Ru(4,4′-(Br)₂-2,2′-bpy)₃ was reacted in a Sonogashira cross coupling reaction with the ethynyl-OPE-Ipa linkers; in the second, the 2,2′-bpy-OPE-Ipa ligands were reacted with Ru(DMSO)₄(PF₆)₂. The photophys. behavior of the Star complexes were studied in fluid solution and anchored to the surface of mesoporous nanocrystalline TiO₂ thin films (Star/TiO₂). To a first approximation the excited state behavior in MeCN was unchanged when the compounds were anchored to a TiO₂ thin film, indicating that the highly sym. (octahedral) and rigid mol. structure of the ligands shielded the chromophoric core from the TiO₂ semiconductor. Inefficient excited state injection, φ_inj < 0.05, occurs on a nanosecond time scale with slow recombination. The presence of BuO groups on the linker unit gave a large increase in the extinction coefficient of YZ3, which allows for enhanced harvesting of sunlight. Mol. design on the nanometer length scale can be used to control excited state relaxation pathways at semiconductor surfaces. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Dimethyl 5-ethynylisophthalate (cas: 313648-56-5Formula: C12H10O4).

Dimethyl 5-ethynylisophthalate (cas: 313648-56-5) belongs to esters. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits, including apples, durians, pears, bananas, pineapples, and strawberries. Many esters have the potential for conformational isomerism, but they tend to adopt an s-cis (or Z) conformation rather than the s-trans (or E) alternative, due to a combination of hyperconjugation and dipole minimization effects. The preference for the Z conformation is influenced by the nature of the substituents and solvent, if present. Lactones with small rings are restricted to the s-trans (i.e. E) conformation due to their cyclic structure.Formula: C12H10O4

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Chemical composition, phenolic content and antioxidant capacity of Haloxylon scoparium extracts was written by Haida, S.;Kribii, A.. And the article was included in South African Journal of Botany in 2020.Application In Synthesis of malonic acid dibutyl ester This article mentions the following:

This work is part of the valorization of the Haloxylon scoparium plant, belonging to the Chenopodiaceae family and native to southeastern of Morocco. The aim of the present work is to study the chem. composition of this plant, to estimate the phenolic compounds contents of its extracts and to evaluate their antioxidant powers. After extraction by maceration of the aerial and root part of Haloxylon scoparium, the extracts obtained are fractionated by liquid-liquid extraction using solvents of different polarities. The best extraction yield is obtained in the aerial part 23.54% against 10.99% for the root part. The anal. carried out by the coupling of gas chromatog. with mass spectrometry (GC-MS) shows that the root part contains mainly carbohydrates, however the aerial part consists mainly of alkaloids. The total polyphenol content obtained in the root part 69.86 mg/gEAG (mg/g of gallic acid) is significantly higher than that in the aerial part 56.79 mg/g EAG. The hydrolysable tannins are the predominant polyphenols of the root part of Haloxylon scoparium corresponding to 83.87 mg/g EAT (mg/g of tannic acid). The antioxidant activity of the various extracts obtained is evaluated by two methods: the DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl) free radical scavenging test and the ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP). The examination of the inhibitory concentration values shows that the butanolic extract of the root part is the most active with values of IC₅₀ = 0.06 mg/mL and IC_0.5 = 0.19 mg/mL resp. for the DPPH and FRAP tests. The other extracts also showed a very interesting potential as antioxidants. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, malonic acid dibutyl ester (cas: 1190-39-2Application In Synthesis of malonic acid dibutyl ester).

malonic acid dibutyl ester (cas: 1190-39-2) belongs to esters. Volatile esters with characteristic odours are used in synthetic flavours, perfumes, and cosmetics. Certain volatile esters are used as solvents for lacquers, paints, and varnishes. Cyclic esters are called lactones, regardless of whether they are derived from an organic or inorganic acid. One example of an organic lactone is γ-valerolactone.Application In Synthesis of malonic acid dibutyl ester

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

RAFT Polymerization of S-Vinyl Sulfide Derivatives and Synthesis of Block Copolymers Having Two Distinct Optoelectronic Functionalities was written by Nakabayashi, Kazuhiro;Abiko, Yohei;Mori, Hideharu. And the article was included in Macromolecules (Washington, DC, United States) in 2013.Formula: C14H12S2 This article mentions the following:

Well-defined sulfur-containing polymers and block copolymers were synthesized by reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization of S-vinyl sulfide derivatives, in which the thioether moiety is directly connected to the vinyl group. We initially investigated RAFT polymerization of four different S-vinyl sulfide derivatives, Ph vinyl sulfide (PVS), 4-chlorophenyl vinyl sulfide (CPVS), 2,4-dichlorophenyl vinyl sulfide (DCPVS), and 4-bromophenyl vinyl sulfide (BPVS). Three xanthate-type chain transfer agents (CTAs), a dithiocarbamate-type CTA, and a dithioester-type CTA were compared for these RAFT polymerizations Reasonable control of the polymerization of PVS was confirmed by an observed linear increase in the mol. weight with the conversion, feasibility to control mol. weight based on the ratio of monomer consumed to the amount of CTA used, chain end structure determined by ¹H NMR, and chain extension experiment The RAFT polymerization of the bromo-substituted monomer (BPVS) also proceeded in the controlled fashion under the same conditions. Incorporation of optoelectronic groups, including anthracene, fluorene, diphenylamine, and phenothiazine on the bromophenyl pendant group of poly(BPVS) were accomplished by palladium-catalyzed postmodifications. We also investigated characteristic optoelectronic properties of modified polymers and block copolymers with two distinct electronic functionalities. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Benzyl benzodithioate (cas: 27249-90-7Formula: C14H12S2).

Benzyl benzodithioate (cas: 27249-90-7) belongs to esters. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits. Esters are more polar than ethers but less polar than alcohols. They participate in hydrogen bonds as hydrogen-bond acceptors, but cannot act as hydrogen-bond donors, unlike their parent alcohols. This ability to participate in hydrogen bonding confers some water-solubility.Formula: C14H12S2

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics