Tag: 200-300

Synthesis of medium-chain carboxylic acids or α,ω-dicarboxylic acids from cellulose-derived platform chemicals was written by Li, Xing-Long;Zhang, Kun;Jiang, Ju-Long;Zhu, Rui;Wu, Wei-Peng;Deng, Jin;Fu, Yao. And the article was included in Green Chemistry in 2018.Application of 106-79-6 This article mentions the following:

Medium-chain fatty acids and their derivatives have important applications in the energy and chem. industries. Thus, a series of medium-chain fatty acids were prepared by the selective hydrodeoxygenation of the aldol condensation products derived from cellulose using a metal triflate and Pd/C catalyst system. The selective retention of the carboxyl group is a notable feature of this catalytic system. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Dimethyl decanedioate (cas: 106-79-6Application of 106-79-6).

Dimethyl decanedioate (cas: 106-79-6) belongs to esters. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits. Because of their lack of hydrogen-bond-donating ability, esters do not self-associate. Consequently, esters are more volatile than carboxylic acids of similar molecular weight.Application of 106-79-6

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Crown Ether Cavity-Containing Copolymers via Controlled Alternating Cyclocopolymerization was written by Jia, Yong-guang;Liu, Ling-yan;Lei, Bin;Li, Jing;Zhu, X. X.. And the article was included in Macromolecules (Washington, DC, United States) in 2011.Application In Synthesis of Benzyl benzodithioate This article mentions the following:

The cyclocopolymn. of difunctional styrenic flexible monomers with maleic anhydride via reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) has been investigated. The reaction proceeded to yield gel-free copolymers soluble in organic solvents. The kinetic study indicated that the cyclocopolymn. of difunctional styrenic flexible monomer with maleic anhydride proceeded in a controlled manner. The structures of resulting crown ether cavity-containing copolymers were characterized by the use of NMR spectroscopy and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. The crown ether cavities in copolymers exhibited a selective recognition for certain dialkylammonium ions. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Benzyl benzodithioate (cas: 27249-90-7Application In Synthesis of Benzyl benzodithioate).

Benzyl benzodithioate (cas: 27249-90-7) belongs to esters. Esters perform as high-grade solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers, and are one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market. Polyesters are important plastics, with monomers linked by ester moieties. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides alcoholysis is another way to produce esters. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with alcohols to produce esters. Anydrous conditions are recommended since both acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with water.Application In Synthesis of Benzyl benzodithioate

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

New europium coordination polymers with efficient energy transfer from conjugated tetracarboxylate ligands to Eu³⁺ ion: syntheses, structures, luminescence and magnetic properties was written by Wang, Li-Feng;Kang, Ling-Chen;Zhang, Wen-Wei;Wang, Fang-Ming;Ren, Xiao-Ming;Meng, Qing-Jin. And the article was included in Dalton Transactions in 2011.Formula: C12H10O4 This article mentions the following:

Two novel lanthanide coordination polymers, [Eu₂(EBTC)(DMF)₅(NO₃)₂]·DMF (1) and [Eu₂(BBTC)_1.5(CH₃OH)₂(H₂O)₂]·7DMF·HNO₃ (2) (EBTC^4- = 1,1′-ethynebenzene-3,3′,5,5′-tetracarboxylate; BBTC^4- = 1,1′-butadiynebenzene-3,3′,5,5′-tetracarboxylate), were successfully synthesized from conjugated ligands of EBTC^4- and BBTC^4-. Although the two tetracarboxylate ligands have similar structures, their different rigidity/flexibility results in quite different networks upon complexation. Complex 1 has a two-dimensional (2-D) layered structure with two crystallog. independent Eu³⁺ ions, one in a distorted monocapped square-antiprism and the other in a distorted square-antiprism coordination geometry. Complex 2 exhibits a three-dimensional (3-D) porous framework, with one type of Eu³⁺ in a distorted square-antiprism and the other in a trigondodecahedron environment. Both 1 and 2 emit the intensely red characteristic luminescence of Eu³⁺ ion at room temperature, with a long lifetime of up to 1.3 and 0.7 ms, resp., during which the ligand emission of EBTC^4-/BBTC^4- was quenched by the Eu³⁺ ion, indicating the existence of efficient energy transfer between the conjugated ligand of EBTC^4-/BBTC^4- and the Eu³⁺ ion. Thus, both EBTC^4- and BBTC^4- are ideal ligands with an “antenna” effect for the Eu³⁺ ion. The two complexes show the single-ion magnetic behaviors of Eu³⁺ with strong spin-orbit coupling interactions even if there are shorter distances (5.714 Å for 1 vs. 4.275 and 5.360 Å for 2) between the neighboring Eu³⁺ ions connected by oxygen atoms of the tetracarboxylates. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Dimethyl 5-ethynylisophthalate (cas: 313648-56-5Formula: C12H10O4).

Dimethyl 5-ethynylisophthalate (cas: 313648-56-5) belongs to esters. Esters typically have a pleasant smell; those of low molecular weight are commonly used as fragrances and are found in essential oils and pheromones. Many esters have the potential for conformational isomerism, but they tend to adopt an s-cis (or Z) conformation rather than the s-trans (or E) alternative, due to a combination of hyperconjugation and dipole minimization effects. The preference for the Z conformation is influenced by the nature of the substituents and solvent, if present. Lactones with small rings are restricted to the s-trans (i.e. E) conformation due to their cyclic structure.Formula: C12H10O4

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Highly enantioselective desymmetrization of anhydrides by carbon nucleophiles: reactions of Grignard reagents in the presence of (-)-sparteine was written by Shintani, Ryo;Fu, Gregory C.. And the article was included in Angewandte Chemie, International Edition in 2002.Reference of 10203-58-4 This article mentions the following:

Where other common chiral ligands failed, (-)-sparteine can be employed to form complexes with Grignard reagents. These chirally modified reagents desymmetrize a range of anhydrides with good enantioselectivity (up to 92% ee). Whereas (-)-sparteine is well known to form complexes with organolithium reagents and to induce excellent enantioselection in their reactions with electrophiles, (-)-sparteine-controlled asym. processes that involve Grignard reagents are rare. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Diethyl isobutylmalonate (cas: 10203-58-4Reference of 10203-58-4).

Diethyl isobutylmalonate (cas: 10203-58-4) belongs to esters. Carboxylic acid esters of low molecular weight are colourless, volatile liquids with pleasant odours, slightly soluble in water. Many esters have the potential for conformational isomerism, but they tend to adopt an s-cis (or Z) conformation rather than the s-trans (or E) alternative, due to a combination of hyperconjugation and dipole minimization effects. The preference for the Z conformation is influenced by the nature of the substituents and solvent, if present. Lactones with small rings are restricted to the s-trans (i.e. E) conformation due to their cyclic structure.Reference of 10203-58-4

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Preparation of Soft Microactuators in a Continuous Flow Synthesis Using a Liquid-Crystalline Polymer Crosslinker was written by Fleischmann, Eva-Kristina;Ohm, Christian;Serra, Christophe;Zentel, Rudolf. And the article was included in Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics in 2012.SDS of cas: 27249-90-7 This article mentions the following:

We present the synthesis of a polymeric liquid crystalline (LC) crosslinker and its usage in the preparation of soft microactuators. The microactuators, composed of thermoresponsive liquid crystalline elastomers (LCE), are fabricated in a microfluidic device in a continuous “on the fly” process. The LC polymer crosslinker is miscible with the LC monomer and provides for a rapid polymerization and crosslinking. Most importantly, it promotes an enantiotropic mesophase of the mobile monomer phase, which is not provided by conventional nonmesogenic crosslinkers. This allows an isothermal handling inside the microfluidic setup. Temperature-driven shape changes up to 65% could be achieved by judiciously optimizing the crosslinking d. of the LCE particles. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Benzyl benzodithioate (cas: 27249-90-7SDS of cas: 27249-90-7).

Benzyl benzodithioate (cas: 27249-90-7) belongs to esters. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits, including apples, durians, pears, bananas, pineapples, and strawberries. Esters are more polar than ethers but less polar than alcohols. They participate in hydrogen bonds as hydrogen-bond acceptors, but cannot act as hydrogen-bond donors, unlike their parent alcohols. This ability to participate in hydrogen bonding confers some water-solubility.SDS of cas: 27249-90-7

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Palladium-Catalyzed Atom-Transfer Radical Cyclization at Remote Unactivated C(sp³)-H Sites: Hydrogen-Atom Transfer of Hybrid Vinyl Palladium Radical Intermediates was written by Ratushnyy, Maxim;Parasram, Marvin;Wang, Yang;Gevorgyan, Vladimir. And the article was included in Angewandte Chemie, International Edition in 2018.Electric Literature of C11H20O4 This article mentions the following:

A mild, visible-light-induced palladium-catalyzed hydrogen atom translocation/atom-transfer radical cyclization (HAT/ATRC) cascade has been developed. This protocol involves a 1,5-HAT process of previously unknown hybrid vinyl palladium radical intermediates, thus leading to iodomethyl carbo- and heterocyclic structures. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Diethyl isobutylmalonate (cas: 10203-58-4Electric Literature of C11H20O4).

Diethyl isobutylmalonate (cas: 10203-58-4) belongs to esters. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits. Esterification is the general name for a chemical reaction in which two reactants (typically an alcohol and an acid) form an ester as the reaction product. Esters are common in organic chemistry and biological materials.Electric Literature of C11H20O4

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Development of 5-hydroxypyrazole derivatives as reversible inhibitors of lysine specific demethylase 1 was written by Mould, Daniel P.;Bremberg, Ulf;Jordan, Allan M.;Geitmann, Matthis;Maiques-Diaz, Alba;McGonagle, Alison E.;Small, Helen F.;Somervaille, Tim C. P.;Ogilvie, Donald. And the article was included in Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters in 2017.SDS of cas: 173341-02-1 This article mentions the following:

A series of reversible inhibitors of lysine specific demethylase 1 (LSD1) with a 5-hydroxypyrazole scaffold have been developed from compound 7, which was identified from the patent literature. Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and biochem. anal. showed it to be a reversible LSD1 inhibitor with an IC₅₀ value of 0.23 μM. Optimization of this compound by rational design afforded compounds with K_d values of <10 nM. In human THP-1 cells, these compounds were found to upregulate the expression of the surrogate cellular biomarker CD86. Compound 11p was found to have moderate oral bioavailability in mice suggesting its potential for use as an in vivo tool compound In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, tert-Butyl (morpholin-2-ylmethyl)carbamate (cas: 173341-02-1SDS of cas: 173341-02-1).

tert-Butyl (morpholin-2-ylmethyl)carbamate (cas: 173341-02-1) belongs to esters. Esters typically have a pleasant smell; those of low molecular weight are commonly used as fragrances and are found in essential oils and pheromones. Esterification is the general name for a chemical reaction in which two reactants (typically an alcohol and an acid) form an ester as the reaction product. Esters are common in organic chemistry and biological materials.SDS of cas: 173341-02-1

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Role of Hydrogen Bonding on the Self-Organization of Phenyleneethynylenes on Surfaces was written by Zalake, Pratap;Thomas, K. George. And the article was included in Langmuir in 2013.Recommanded Product: 313648-56-5 This article mentions the following:

A series of carboxylic acid substituted phenyleneethynylenes, having a rigid backbone of 2.7 ± 0.1 nm, were synthesized by following the Heck-Cassar-Sonogashira-Hagihara cross-coupling reaction. Hydrogen bonding, through the formation of cyclic dimers of carboxylic acid, is more preferred over catemeric structures in all the mol. systems under investigation. The formation of extended two-dimensional patterns on highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) surface is dictated by the position as well as number of the carboxylic acid groups on the phenyleneethynylenes. Highly ordered extended arrangements, in the linear and stepwise fashion, were observed when the carboxylic acid groups are attached in the para and meta positions of phenyleneethynylenes. The vital role of the number of carboxylic acid on the organization of mols. is evident in the case of tetracarboxylic acid derivative wherein a Kagome-type structure was observed Further, the coassembly of two types of phenyleneethynylenes was achieved on HOPG surface through acid base interaction. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Dimethyl 5-ethynylisophthalate (cas: 313648-56-5Recommanded Product: 313648-56-5).

Dimethyl 5-ethynylisophthalate (cas: 313648-56-5) belongs to esters. Esters perform as high-grade solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers, and are one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market. Polyesters are important plastics, with monomers linked by ester moieties. Many esters have the potential for conformational isomerism, but they tend to adopt an s-cis (or Z) conformation rather than the s-trans (or E) alternative, due to a combination of hyperconjugation and dipole minimization effects. The preference for the Z conformation is influenced by the nature of the substituents and solvent, if present. Lactones with small rings are restricted to the s-trans (i.e. E) conformation due to their cyclic structure.Recommanded Product: 313648-56-5

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Separation and quantification of dead species in styrene RAFT polymerization by gradient polymer elution chromatography was written by Guo, Ruiwei;Shi, Zhipeng;Wang, Xingxing;Dong, Anjie;Zhang, Jianhua. And the article was included in Polymer Chemistry in 2012.Application of 27249-90-7 This article mentions the following:

In living polymerization, the inevitable dead chain impurities, due to bimol. termination and side reactions, are not only an obstacle for the synthesis of pure block copolymers but also an impairment in the application performance of the resulting polymer materials. In this paper, a simple separation and quantification method based on gradient polymer elution chromatog. (GPEC) was developed to exptl. investigate the dead species in RAFT polymerization of styrene. The RAFT-prepared polystyrene (PSt) was extended with Me acrylate in a specially-designed chain extension reaction, in which the living PSt chains were extended and transformed into block copolymer, but the remaining dead PSt chains (D-PSt) will remain constant and can be separated and quantified by GPEC. The systematic exptl. investigation of the effect of various polymerization parameters on the mass fraction of dead species (f_D-PSt) in RAFT-prepared polystyrene (PSt) was implemented. The results clearly demonstrated the initiator concentration and RAFT agent concentration can exhibit a linear and inversely proportional dependence on f_D-PSt, resp. In addition, the dead chains were found to be formed throughout the entire RAFT process. These unambiguous exptl. data confirmed the previous theor. calculation and model prediction, which may be beneficial to understand RAFT processes, optimize polymerization conditions and to minimize dead polymer contaminations. Moreover, the method based on GPEC proposed here was able to fractionate and quantify the dead and living species, which can serve as a powerful tool in the mechanistic study of the living radical polymerizations In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Benzyl benzodithioate (cas: 27249-90-7Application of 27249-90-7).

Benzyl benzodithioate (cas: 27249-90-7) belongs to esters. Esters are also usually derived from carboxylic acids. It may also be obtained by reaction of acid anhydride or acid halides with alcohols or by the reaction of salts of carboxylic acids with alkyl halides. Because of their lack of hydrogen-bond-donating ability, esters do not self-associate. Consequently, esters are more volatile than carboxylic acids of similar molecular weight.Application of 27249-90-7

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Reactions with carbon suboxide was written by Hagelloch, Gunter;Feess, Erich. And the article was included in Chemische Berichte in 1951.HPLC of Formula: 1190-39-2 This article mentions the following:

C₃O₂ undergoes reactions at elevated temperatures without any noteworthy polymerization. When it is passed into dry PhMe at 100° the solution becomes increasingly yellow with a green fluorescence and, on evaporation, 20% of the C₃O₂ is recovered as polymers. In nonpolar solvents in the presence of AlCl₃, or p-MeC₆H₄SO₂H (I) at 20° no reaction takes place. Methylene bases of the Fischer-base type behave like tertiary bases and accelerate polymerization. With alcs. at 30° a slow reaction takes place; it is considerably accelerated at 65-70° with the formation of CH₂(CO₂R)₂ (II). C₃O₂ is prepared in 40-43% yield by thermal decomposition of diacetyl tartaric anhydride at 770° (cf. C.A. 27, 1325). The reactions are carried out by passing the gas through a fritted distributor into the alc., either without a solvent or in PhMe, xylene, PhNO₂, (CH₂Cl)₂ (III), or CH₂(CO₂Et)₂ at 80°. The following II are prepared: R-CH₂:CHCH₂, b₁₃ 119-20°; CH₂ClCH₂, prepared in PhMe in 13.5% yield, b₁₃ 174°; cyclohexyl, 25% at 25°, 56% at 80° or at 25° with ultraviolet irradiation, or 70% at 80° in the presence of I, b₁₃ 194°; Me₃C, in PhMe at 70°, b₁₃ 105°; p-MeC₆H₄, in PhMe with irradiation, small leaflets, m. 70°; p-O₂NC₆H₄, in PhNO₂ at 110°, leaflets, m. 174° (decomposition); picryl, in PhNO₂ at 80°, leaflets, m. 102°; o-HO₂CC₆H₄ (IV), in III with irradiation, long thin needles, m. 144° (decomposition); 3,5,2-Br₂(HO₂C)C₆H₂ (V), in xylene, fine needles, m. 176° (decomposition); 2-HOC₆H₄, in boiling C₆H₆, m. 140°, soluble in dilute NaOH, giving a red-violet color with FeCl₃. CH₂(COSBu)₂, b₁₃ 178°, and CH₂(COSCH₂Ph)₂, b₂ 195°, are prepared from the corresponding mercaptans in PhMe at 70°. C₃O₂ and glycol at 80° give a poly glycol malonate as a dark viscous oil; C₃O₂ and (CH₂CH₂OH)₂ give a very viscous dark poly butanediol malonate. The reactivity of C₃O₂ is as follows: amines > primary alcs. > phenols and nitrophenols > secondary alcs. and H₂O > thiols > tertiary alcs. IV stops the growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis var. hominis in a solution of 1:40,000 on the Kirchner-Hermann, and 1:10,000 on the Hohn nutrient medium; V shows a lesser action. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, malonic acid dibutyl ester (cas: 1190-39-2HPLC of Formula: 1190-39-2).

malonic acid dibutyl ester (cas: 1190-39-2) belongs to esters. Carboxylic acid esters of low molecular weight are colourless, volatile liquids with pleasant odours, slightly soluble in water. Liquid esters of low volatility serve as softening agents for resins and plastics. Esters also include many industrially important polymers. Polymethyl methacrylate is a glass substitute sold under the names Lucite and Plexiglas; polyethylene terephthalate is used as a film (Mylar) and as textile fibres sold as Terylene, Fortrel, and Dacron.HPLC of Formula: 1190-39-2

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics