Tag: 200-300

Infrared characterization of MgCl₂ supported Ziegler-Natta catalysts with monoester and diester as a modifier was written by Yang, C. B.;Hsu, C. C.;Park, Y. S.;Shurvell, H. F.. And the article was included in European Polymer Journal in 1994.Application In Synthesis of 2-Ethylhexyl benzoate The following contents are mentioned in the article:

An IR study of MgCl₂-supported TiCl₄ Ziegler-Natta catalysts for propylene polymerization using Lewis base modifiers was carried out. Two series of catalysts were prepared, differing mainly by the method used to prepare the MgCl₂ support. One was prepared by precipitation and the other by ball-milling. Four different Lewis bases, of which two are diesters (di-2-Et phthalate and diisobutyl phthalate) and two are monoesters (Et benzoate and 2-Et hexyl benzoate), were employed. The IR investigation of the catalyst was focused on the identification of complexes formed. The diester-containing catalysts contain significant amounts of TiCl₄-diester complexes and phthaloyl mono- and di-chlorides complexed to MgCl₂, whereas the monoester-containing catalysts are virtually free of these compounds The chlorides are formed from the reaction of TiCl₄ and diester weakly bonded to MgCl₂. The TiCl₄-monoester complex is relatively weak so that the coordination of monoester with MgCl₂ is much more favorable. The effects of the complexes, particularly their relative amounts, on the catalyst activity was investigated by carrying out propylene polymerizations with catalysts prepared by precipitation and by ball-milling method at three different activation temperatures This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 2-Ethylhexyl benzoate (cas: 5444-75-7Application In Synthesis of 2-Ethylhexyl benzoate).

2-Ethylhexyl benzoate (cas: 5444-75-7) belongs to esters. Volatile esters with characteristic odours are used in synthetic flavours, perfumes, and cosmetics. Certain volatile esters are used as solvents for lacquers, paints, and varnishes. Esterification is the general name for a chemical reaction in which two reactants (typically an alcohol and an acid) form an ester as the reaction product. Esters are common in organic chemistry and biological materials.Application In Synthesis of 2-Ethylhexyl benzoate

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Balancing the transesterification reactivity of isosorbide with diphenyl carbonate: preferential activation of exo-OH was written by Zhang, Ming;Tu, Yifei;Zhou, Zibo;Wu, Guozhang. And the article was included in Polymer Chemistry in 2020.Synthetic Route of C13H10O3 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

The exo-hydroxyl group (exo-OH) on isosorbide (ISB) has long been asserted as a highly reactive moiety compared with the endo-hydroxyl group (endo-OH). In this study, calculations based on d. functional theory and experiments without adding catalysts reveal that endo-OH has strong nucleophilic ability, and in the case of transesterification with di-Ph carbonate, the nucleophilic attack surmounts steric hindrance in rendering endo-OH more reactive than exo-OH. The kinetics of transesterification with different catalysts is investigated to determine the catalytic reactivity and mol. structure evolution. The results show that preferential activation of exo-OH moieties can be achieved either by reducing the coordination ability of catalytic cations (lg β1) or by enhancing the alkalinity of catalytic anions. Despite the low reactivity of exo-OH on ISB monomers, terminal exo-OH on carbonate oligomers exhibits higher reactivity than terminal endo-OH, justifying the exptl. fact that ISB-based polycarbonates (ISB-PCs) are mostly terminated by endo-OH. Balancing the reactivity between endo-OH and exo-OH can be promoted by increasing the reaction temperature, thus accelerating transesterification to a high equilibrium constant These findings help to clarify the mechanism of ISB transesterification and provide new strategies for the synthesis of high-mol.-weight ISB-PCs. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Diphenyl carbonate (cas: 102-09-0Synthetic Route of C13H10O3).

Diphenyl carbonate (cas: 102-09-0) belongs to esters. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits, including apples, durians, pears, bananas, pineapples, and strawberries. Liquid esters of low volatility serve as softening agents for resins and plastics. Esters also include many industrially important polymers. Polymethyl methacrylate is a glass substitute sold under the names Lucite and Plexiglas; polyethylene terephthalate is used as a film (Mylar) and as textile fibres sold as Terylene, Fortrel, and Dacron.Synthetic Route of C13H10O3

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Influence of plant growth retardants on quality of Codonopsis Radix was written by Liao, Yinyin;Zeng, Lanting;Li, Pan;Sun, Tian;Wang, Chao;Li, Fangwen;Chen, Yiyong;Du, Bing;Yang, Ziyin. And the article was included in Molecules in 2017.COA of Formula: C15H22O2 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Plant growth retardant (PGR) refers to organics that can inhibit the cell division of plant stem tip sub-apical meristem cells or primordial meristem cell. They are widely used in the cultivation of rhizomatous functional plants; such as Codonopsis Radix, that is a famous Chinese traditional herb. However, it is still unclear whether PGR affects the medicinal quality of C. Radix. In the present study, amino acid analyses, targeted and non-targeted analyses by ultra-performance liquid chromatog. combined with time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-TOF-MS) and gas chromatog.-MS were used to analyze and compare the composition of untreated C. Radix and C. Radix treated with PGR. The contents of two key bioactive compounds, lobetyolin and atractylenolide III, were not affected by PGR treatment. The amounts of polysaccharides and some internal volatiles were significantly decreased by PGR treatment; while the free amino acids content was generally increased. Fifteen metabolites whose abundance were affected by PGR treatment were identified by UPLC-TOF-MS. Five of the up-regulated compounds have been reported to show immune activity, which might contribute to the healing efficacy (“buqi”) of C. Radix. The results of this study showed that treatment of C. Radix with PGR during cultivation has economic benefits and affected some main bioactive compounds in C. Radix. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 2-Ethylhexyl benzoate (cas: 5444-75-7COA of Formula: C15H22O2).

2-Ethylhexyl benzoate (cas: 5444-75-7) belongs to esters. Esters are also usually derived from carboxylic acids. It may also be obtained by reaction of acid anhydride or acid halides with alcohols or by the reaction of salts of carboxylic acids with alkyl halides. Esters contain a carbonyl center, which gives rise to 120° C–C–O and O–C–O angles. Unlike amides, esters are structurally flexible functional groups because rotation about the C–O–C bonds has a low barrier. Their flexibility and low polarity is manifested in their physical properties; they tend to be less rigid (lower melting point) and more volatile (lower boiling point) than the corresponding amides. COA of Formula: C15H22O2

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Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Synthesis of Cembranoid Analogues through Ring-Closing Metathesis of Terpenoid Precursors: A Challenge Regarding Ring-Size Selectivity was written by Heidt, Tanja;Baro, Angelika;Koehn, Andreas;Laschat, Sabine. And the article was included in Chemistry – A European Journal in 2015.Formula: C12H18O3 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

A systematic study on ring-closing metathesis with Grubbs II catalyst to cembranoid macrocycles is described. Acyclic terpenoids I [X = OTBS, H, OH, etc.; R = Me, Et, iPr, etc., R¹ = H, Me, Et, etc.] with a functional group X in the homoallylic position relative to an RCM active terminus and substituents R, R¹ directly attached to the other terminal double bond were prepared from geraniol derived trienes and fragments that are based on bromoalkenes and di-Me malonate. Such terpenoids were suitable precursors, despite the presence of competing double bonds in their framework. The size of R and R¹ is crucial for successful macrocyclization. Whereas small alkyl substituents at the double bond directed the RCM towards six-membered ring formation, cross metathesis leading to dimers dominated for bulkier alkyl groups. A similar result was obtained for precursors without functional group X. In the case of unsym. substituted terpenoid precursor I [R = Et, R¹ = Me] with homoallylic OTBS or OMe group, the RCM could be controlled towards formation of macrocyclic cembranoids, which were isolated with excellent E-selectivity. The role of the substituents was further studied by quantum chem. calculations of simplified model substrates. Based on these results a mechanistic rationale is proposed. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as (2E,6E)-3,7-Dimethyl-8-oxoocta-2,6-dien-1-yl acetate (cas: 37905-02-5Formula: C12H18O3).

(2E,6E)-3,7-Dimethyl-8-oxoocta-2,6-dien-1-yl acetate (cas: 37905-02-5) belongs to esters. Esters perform as high-grade solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers, and are one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market. Many esters have the potential for conformational isomerism, but they tend to adopt an s-cis (or Z) conformation rather than the s-trans (or E) alternative, due to a combination of hyperconjugation and dipole minimization effects. The preference for the Z conformation is influenced by the nature of the substituents and solvent, if present. Lactones with small rings are restricted to the s-trans (i.e. E) conformation due to their cyclic structure.Formula: C12H18O3

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Stereoselective synthesis of (E)-, (E,Z)- and (E,E)-conjugated dienes via alkylation of 3-sulfolenes as the key step was written by Yamada, Sachiko;Ohsawa, Hideto;Suzuki, Takayoshi;Takayama, Hiroaki. And the article was included in Journal of Organic Chemistry in 1986.Computed Properties of C14H24O2 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

A new stereoselective method is presented for synthesizing (E)-, (E,Z)-, and (E,E)-conjugated dienes via alkylation of 3-sulfolenes as the key step. Direct alkylation of 3-sulfolene I (R = H) (II) at the 2-position proceeds with good yields when labile sulfolene α-carbanion is generated in the presence of alkyl iodides in THF-HMPA solution at -78°. Alkylation of 2-alkyl-3-sulfolenes I (R = alkyl) give trans-2,5-dialkyl-3-sulfolenes III (R, R¹ = alkyl) with 100% regioselectivity and more than 90% stereoselectivity. Desulfonylation of III was examined and the conditions to give stereoselectively the corresponding (E,Z)- and (E,E)-conjugated dienes were found. Three insect pheromones, (E)-9,11-dodecadien-1-yl acetate, a sex pheromone of the red bollworm moth, (E,E)-8,10-dodecadien-1-ol, a sex pheromone of the codling moth, and (E,E)-11,13-hexadecadienal, a sex pheromone of the cabbage webworm, were synthesized by starting from II with nearly 100% stereoselectivity. Cyclohexenes IV (R = alkyl) were prepared from the corresponding I via a Diels-Alder reaction with maleic anhydride. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as (E)-Dodeca-9,11-dien-1-yl acetate (cas: 50767-78-7Computed Properties of C14H24O2).

(E)-Dodeca-9,11-dien-1-yl acetate (cas: 50767-78-7) belongs to esters. Esters perform as high-grade solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers, and are one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market. Polyesters are important plastics, with monomers linked by ester moieties. Esterification is the general name for a chemical reaction in which two reactants (typically an alcohol and an acid) form an ester as the reaction product. Esters are common in organic chemistry and biological materials.Computed Properties of C14H24O2

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Effect of polymer molecular weight on structure and performance of PVDF hollow fiber membranes prepared via TIPS process with co-extrusion of solvent using triple orifice spinneret was written by Zhang, Pengfei;Fang, Chuanjie;Rajabzadeh, Saeid;Liu, Wenyi;Jia, Yuandong;Shen, Qin;Zhang, Lei;Wang, Shengyao;Kato, Noriaki;Matsuyama, Hideto. And the article was included in Journal of Membrane Science in 2021.Category: esters-buliding-blocks The following contents are mentioned in the article:

The co-extrusion of solvent at the outer layer of a dope solution in a thermally induced phase separation (TIPS) process has led to significant improvements in membrane characteristics, especially pure water permeability stability. This work investigates the effects of the poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) mol. weight and concentration on the characteristics of hollow fiber membranes prepared using this method. The PVDF mol. weight had little effect on the phase diagram of the PVDF/diphenyl carbonate (DPC) system, and effectively controlled the penetration depth and quantity of the extruded solvent (propylene carbonate (PC)) inside the polymer dope solution as well as the overall performance of the hollow fiber membranes. When the PVDF concentration was low, the PVDF mol. weight was crucial in controlling the penetration of the extruded solvent. For a PVDF/DPC system that led to the mainly bicontinuous structure which resulted from L-L phase separation, the penetration of the PC inside the membrane considerably changed the surface and sublayer structure from a bicontinuous structure with spherulite to a composite spherulite embedded in the bicontinuous structure and isolated spherulite structure. To obtain an appropriate membrane with considerable water permeability stability, it is necessary to choose an appropriate polymer mol. weight and concentration This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Diphenyl carbonate (cas: 102-09-0Category: esters-buliding-blocks).

Diphenyl carbonate (cas: 102-09-0) belongs to esters. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits. Liquid esters of low volatility serve as softening agents for resins and plastics. Esters also include many industrially important polymers. Polymethyl methacrylate is a glass substitute sold under the names Lucite and Plexiglas; polyethylene terephthalate is used as a film (Mylar) and as textile fibres sold as Terylene, Fortrel, and Dacron.Category: esters-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Controlled Extraction Studies Applied to Polyvinyl Chloride and Polyethylene Materials: Conclusions from the ELSIE Controlled Extraction Pilot Study was written by Teasdale, Andrew;Jahn, Michael;Bailey, Simon;Feilden, Andrew;Taylor, Graham;Corcoran, Marta L.;Malick, Robert;Jenke, Dennis;Stults, Cheryl L. M.;Nagao, Lee M.. And the article was included in AAPS PharmSciTech in 2015.COA of Formula: C15H22O2 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

The effective management of leachables in pharmaceutical products is a critical aspect of their development. This can be facilitated if extractables information on the materials used in a packaging or delivery system is available to assist companies in selecting materials that will be compatible with the drug product formulation and suitable for the intended use. The Extractables and Leachables Safety Information Exchange (ELSIE) materials working group developed and executed a comprehensive extraction study protocol that included a number of extraction solvents, extraction techniques, and a variety of anal. techniques. This was performed on two test materials, polyethylene (PE) and polyvinyl chloride (PVC), that were selected due to their common use in pharmaceutical packaging. The purpose of the study was to investigate if the protocol could be simplified such that (i) a reduced number or even a single extraction technique could be used and (ii) a reduced number of solvents could be used to obtain information that is useful for material selection regardless of product type. Results indicate that, at least for the PVC, such reductions are feasible. Addnl., the studies indicate that levels of extractable elemental impurities in the two test materials were low and further confirm the importance of using orthogonal anal. detection techniques to gain adequate understanding of extraction profiles. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 2-Ethylhexyl benzoate (cas: 5444-75-7COA of Formula: C15H22O2).

2-Ethylhexyl benzoate (cas: 5444-75-7) belongs to esters. Esters typically have a pleasant smell; those of low molecular weight are commonly used as fragrances and are found in essential oils and pheromones. Because of their lack of hydrogen-bond-donating ability, esters do not self-associate. Consequently, esters are more volatile than carboxylic acids of similar molecular weight.COA of Formula: C15H22O2

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Study of chemical communication based on urine in tree shrews Tupaia belangeri (Mammalia: Scandentia: Tupaiidae) was written by Wanlong, Z.;Fangyan, Y.;Zhengkun, W.. And the article was included in European Zoological Journal in 2017.Recommanded Product: 2-Ethylhexyl benzoate The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Chem. communication plays a key role in mammalian reproductive and social behavior. The chem. constituents of urine are the main signal resource that can encode sex, quality and social status. In order to investigate the role of urine in the reproductive biol. of Tupaia belangeri, the volatile components of urine were analyzed by gas chromatog.-mass spectrometry, and the behavior of the tree shrew in response to urinary odor was investigated in a Y-maze test. The results show that hydrocarbons were the major components of urine in wild, acclimated and laboratory-breeding animals. The concentrations of the chem. components in urine from individuals in the wild population were higher than those in the acclimated and breeding animals. Tupaia belangeri showed significant differences in reactions of individuals and urinary odor. Males and females had different components in their urine. The stay duration of male tree shrews to the urinary odor of females in oestrus or lactating was significantly longer than that to the odor of pregnant females. The chem. components were different at different reproductive stages. Taken together, these results suggest that the odor of urine can encode female reproductive status and gender. Tupaia belangeri relies on these odours to recognize sex and choose a mate. Chem. communication based on signals in urine plays an important role in the reproduction of T. belangeri. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 2-Ethylhexyl benzoate (cas: 5444-75-7Recommanded Product: 2-Ethylhexyl benzoate).

2-Ethylhexyl benzoate (cas: 5444-75-7) belongs to esters. Esters typically have a pleasant smell; those of low molecular weight are commonly used as fragrances and are found in essential oils and pheromones. Liquid esters of low volatility serve as softening agents for resins and plastics. Esters also include many industrially important polymers. Polymethyl methacrylate is a glass substitute sold under the names Lucite and Plexiglas; polyethylene terephthalate is used as a film (Mylar) and as textile fibres sold as Terylene, Fortrel, and Dacron.Recommanded Product: 2-Ethylhexyl benzoate

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

A rational approach to activated polyacrylates and polymethacrylates by using a combination of model reactions and SET-LRP of hexafluoroisopropyl acrylate and methacrylate was written by Samanta, Shampa R.;Cai, Ruilong;Percec, Virgil. And the article was included in Polymer Chemistry in 2015.Synthetic Route of C7H6F6O2 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

The transesterification of hexafluoroisopropyl esters mediated by two mild bases, 1,8-diazabicycloundec-7-ene (DBU) and 1,5,7-triazabicyclo[4.4.0]dec-5-ene (TBD) was investigated as model reaction for the transesterification of poly(1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoroisopropyl acrylate) [poly(HFIPA)] and poly(1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropyl methacrylate) [poly(HFIPM)]. Unexpectedly, the rate of transesterification of the hexafluoroisopropyl esters was higher than that of the more reactive pentafluorophenyl esters although the rate of uncatalyzed aminolysis followed the reverse trend. Subsequently SET-LRP of HFIPA up to [M]₀/[I]₀ = 92 at 25 °C and of HFIPM up to [M]₀/[I]₀ = 86 at 50 °C with activated Cu(0) wire as catalyst, Me₆-TREN as ligand, and trifluoroethanol as solvent in the presence of acetic acid to generate the corresponding polymers with well-defined mol. weight, narrow mol. weight distribution and near-quant. chain-end functionality was elaborated. Using reaction conditions established with model compounds a highly efficient transesterification of poly(HFIPA) and of poly(HFIPM) using DBU as catalyst at 25 °C has been developed. Therefore, this combination of experiments demonstrated that hexafluoroisopropyl esters provide a new class of activated carboxylic acids with applications in functional group transformation of interest both to organic and macromol. synthesis. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as 1,1,1,3,3,3-Hexafluoroisopropylmethacrylate (cas: 3063-94-3Synthetic Route of C7H6F6O2).

1,1,1,3,3,3-Hexafluoroisopropylmethacrylate (cas: 3063-94-3) belongs to esters. Esters typically have a pleasant smell; those of low molecular weight are commonly used as fragrances and are found in essential oils and pheromones. Because of their lack of hydrogen-bond-donating ability, esters do not self-associate. Consequently, esters are more volatile than carboxylic acids of similar molecular weight.Synthetic Route of C7H6F6O2

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Backbone-Degradable (Co-)Polymers for Light-Triggered Drug Delivery was written by Rust, Tarik;Jung, Dimitri;Hoppe, Axel;Schoppa, Timo;Langer, Klaus;Kuckling, Dirk. And the article was included in ACS Applied Polymer Materials in 2021.Electric Literature of C13H10O3 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

In modern therapy, cutting side effects caused by the administration of drugs is one of the core challenges. One possible strategy is the delivery of a drug to the disease site by encapsulation into a polymeric matrix. Especially, light-responsive polymers are regarded as promising materials due to, e.g., the capability of tailored on-demand release in illuminated areas. In this work, a series of light-responsive backbone-degradable (co-)polymers were synthesized by polycondensation and polyaddition All obtained polymers showed rapid degradation in solution upon exposure to UV light as observed by size-exclusion chromatog. (SEC) and UV-visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy. Light-induced decomposition of films prepared from the polycarbonate was confirmed by UV-vis, surface plasmon resonance (SPR), and profilometry measurements. Depending on the incorporated comonomers, the functional co-polyurethanes exhibited either enhanced hydrophilicity or dual-responsiveness to light and redox environments, which was detected by SEC after treatment with a reducing agent. The formulation of nanoparticles from light-responsive polyurethanes proved the processability of the synthesized polymers, and dynamic light scattering (DLS) measurements confirmed the photo-induced degradation of the prepared particles. Water-soluble tetrazolium salt (WST-1) assays were carried out to evaluate the cytotoxic potential before and after irradiation This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as Diphenyl carbonate (cas: 102-09-0Electric Literature of C13H10O3).

Diphenyl carbonate (cas: 102-09-0) belongs to esters. Esters perform as high-grade solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers, and are one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market. Liquid esters of low volatility serve as softening agents for resins and plastics. Esters also include many industrially important polymers. Polymethyl methacrylate is a glass substitute sold under the names Lucite and Plexiglas; polyethylene terephthalate is used as a film (Mylar) and as textile fibres sold as Terylene, Fortrel, and Dacron.Electric Literature of C13H10O3

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics