Tag: 100-200

Pyrimidinyl Biphenylureas: Identification of New Lead Compounds as Allosteric Modulators of the Cannabinoid Receptor CB₁ was written by Khurana, Leepakshi;Fu, Bo-Qiao;Duddupudi, Anantha L.;Liao, Yu-Hsien;Immadi, Sri Sujana;Kendall, Debra A.;Lu, Dai. And the article was included in Journal of Medicinal Chemistry in 2017.Category: esters-buliding-blocks This article mentions the following:

The allosteric modulator 1-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-(3-(6-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)pyridin-2-yl)phenyl)urea (PSNCBAM-1, 2) bound the cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB₁) and antagonized G protein coupling. This compound demonstrated potent anorectic effects similar to the CB₁ antagonist rimonabant that once was marketed for the treatment of obesity, suggesting a new chem. entity for the discovery of antiobesity drugs. To increase structural diversity of this class of CB₁ ligands, we designed and synthesized two classes of novel analogs, in which the pyridine ring of 2 was replaced by a pyrimidine ring. These pos. modulate the binding of the CB₁ orthosteric agonist CP55,940 while exhibiting an antagonism of G-protein coupling activity. Interestingly, compounds 7d and 8d demonstrated ERK1/2 phosphorylation mediated via β-arrestin unlike the orthosteric CP55,940 that does so in a G protein-dependent manner. These can serve as new lead compounds for the future development of CB₁ allosteric modulators that show biased agonism and potentially antiobesity behavior via a new mechanism. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-Cyanophenylisocyanate (cas: 16413-26-6Category: esters-buliding-blocks).

3-Cyanophenylisocyanate (cas: 16413-26-6) belongs to esters. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits. Liquid esters of low volatility serve as softening agents for resins and plastics. Esters also include many industrially important polymers. Polymethyl methacrylate is a glass substitute sold under the names Lucite and Plexiglas; polyethylene terephthalate is used as a film (Mylar) and as textile fibres sold as Terylene, Fortrel, and Dacron.Category: esters-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Characterization of honey peach (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch) aroma variation and unraveling the potential aroma metabolism mechanism through proteomics analysis under abiotic stress was written by Li, Qianqian;Yang, Shupeng;Zhang, Rong;Liu, Shuyan;Zhang, Chaoyang;Li, Yi;Li, Jianxun. And the article was included in Food Chemistry in 2022.Category: esters-buliding-blocks This article mentions the following:

Honey peach (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch) is a climacteric fruit with short storage period. Generally, the low temperature storage (LTS) technol. is implemented to lessen aroma loss and keep the quality. However, the LTS procedure brings about cold stress issues and affects the aroma metabolism It is essential to unravel the primary aroma and the corresponding metabolism mechanism through key proteins under abiotic stress. In this study, the primary components were characterized under LTS at 1°C during 0 to 40 days. Furthermore, the proteomics anal. was performed to acquire differentially expressed proteins to clarify the underlying metabolism mechanisms of the primary aroma and potential proteins. As a result, four proteins were considered as potential key proteins that associated with fatty acid and amino acid metabolism under cold stress. Addnl., this study provides theor. cornerstones for regulating and improving the quality of honey peach. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 5-Hexyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one (cas: 706-14-9Category: esters-buliding-blocks).

5-Hexyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one (cas: 706-14-9) belongs to esters. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides alcoholysis is another way to produce esters. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with alcohols to produce esters. Anydrous conditions are recommended since both acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with water.Category: esters-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Cyclic cascade carbopalladation reactions as a route to benzene and fulvene derivatives was written by Negishi, Eiichi;Harring, Lori S.;Owczarczyk, Zbyslaw;Mohamud, Mohamud M.;Ay, Mehmet. And the article was included in Tetrahedron Letters in 1992.Reference of 17920-23-9 This article mentions the following:

Palladium-catalyzed cyclization of appropriately structured triynes, haloalkenyldiynes, or haloalkenylalkyne-alkyne mixtures can provide the corresponding benzene derivatives, while the Pd-catalyzed intermol. reaction of diynes with alkenyl halides can give fulvene derivatives Thus, MeCCCH₂OCH₂CCCH₂CR(CO₂Et)₂ (I, R = CH₂:CBrCH₂) was treated with Et₃N in MeCN in the presence of Pd(PPh₃)₄ to give 85% the cyclopentabenzofurandicarboxylate II. Similar treatment of I (R = HCCCH₂), but using 5% AcOH instead of Et₃N gave 67% II. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Diethyl 2-(prop-2-yn-1-yl)malonate (cas: 17920-23-9Reference of 17920-23-9).

Diethyl 2-(prop-2-yn-1-yl)malonate (cas: 17920-23-9) belongs to esters. Carboxylic acid esters of low molecular weight are colourless, volatile liquids with pleasant odours, slightly soluble in water. Esterification is the general name for a chemical reaction in which two reactants (typically an alcohol and an acid) form an ester as the reaction product. Esters are common in organic chemistry and biological materials.Reference of 17920-23-9

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Flavor characteristics of peanut butter pretreated by radio frequency heating, explosion puffing, microwave, and oven heating was written by Yang, Yini;Yuan, Binhong;Yu, Pei;Jia, Yimin;Zhou, Qi;Sun, Jinyuan. And the article was included in Food Chemistry in 2022.Formula: C6H10O2 This article mentions the following:

Currently, the effect of different pretreatments (i.e., radio frequency (RF), explosion puffing (EP), microwave (MW) and oven heating (OH)) on the flavor characteristics of peanut butter is unclear. Consequently, this study identified volatile aroma and non-volatile taste using HS-SPME/GC-MS combined with the use of an electronic nose, electronic tongue, and sniffing. 53 volatile compounds in four peanut butters were identified, MW-treated samples exhibited the most aroma-active compounds (43), followed by samples treated using OH (42), EP (38) and RF (21). Different pretreatment resulted in significant flavor differences in the aroma and taste. The peanut butter under MW pretreatment had a strongest nutty notes among the treatments. RF methods yielded smaller particle sizes and better texture compared to conventional OH. However, instantaneous heating using EP did not result in improvements to the aroma or taste. A combination of MW and RF may improve the flavor quality of peanut butter. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 5-Ethyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one (cas: 695-06-7Formula: C6H10O2).

5-Ethyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one (cas: 695-06-7) belongs to esters. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits. Cyclic esters are called lactones, regardless of whether they are derived from an organic or inorganic acid. One example of an organic lactone is γ-valerolactone.Formula: C6H10O2

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

In vitro and in vivo cardiac toxicity of flavored electronic nicotine delivery systems was written by Abouassali, Obada;Chang, Mengmeng;Chidipi, Bojjibabu;Martinez, Jose Luis;Reiser, Michelle;Kanithi, Manasa;Soni, Ravi;McDonald, Thomas V.;Herweg, Bengt;Saiz, Javier;Calcul, Laurent;Noujaim, Sami F.. And the article was included in American Journal of Physiology in 2021.Application of 706-14-9 This article mentions the following:

The usage of flavored electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) is popular, specifically in the teen and young adult age-groups. The possible cardiac toxicity of the flavoring aspect of ENDS is largely unknown. Vaping, a form of electronic nicotine delivery, uses “e-liquid” to generate “e-vapor,” an aerosolized mixture of nicotine and/or flavors. We report our investigation into the cardiotoxic effects of flavored e-liquids E-vapors containing flavoring aldehydes such as vanillin and cinnamaldehyde, as indicated by mass spectrometry, were more toxic in HL-1 cardiomyocytes than fruit-flavored e-vapor. Exposure of human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes to cinnamaldehyde or vanillin-flavored e-vapor affected the beating frequency and prolonged the field potential duration of these cells more than fruit-flavored e-vapor. In addition, vanillin aldehyde-flavored e-vapor reduced the human ether-a-go-go-related gene (hERG)-encoded potassium current in transfected human embryonic kidney cells. In mice, inhalation exposure to vanillin aldehyde-flavored e-vapor for 10 wk caused increased sympathetic predominance in heart rate variability measurements. In vivo inducible ventricular tachycardia was significantly longer, and in optical mapping, the magnitude of ventricular action potential duration alternans was significantly larger in the vanillin aldehyde-flavored e-vapor-exposed mice than in controls. We conclude that the widely popular flavored ENDS are not harm free, and they have a potential for cardiac harm. More studies are needed to further assess their cardiac safety profile and long-term health effects. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 5-Hexyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one (cas: 706-14-9Application of 706-14-9).

5-Hexyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one (cas: 706-14-9) belongs to esters. Carboxylic acid esters of low molecular weight are colourless, volatile liquids with pleasant odours, slightly soluble in water. Many esters have the potential for conformational isomerism, but they tend to adopt an s-cis (or Z) conformation rather than the s-trans (or E) alternative, due to a combination of hyperconjugation and dipole minimization effects. The preference for the Z conformation is influenced by the nature of the substituents and solvent, if present. Lactones with small rings are restricted to the s-trans (i.e. E) conformation due to their cyclic structure.Application of 706-14-9

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Volatile and fixed composition of sulphite-free white wines obtained after fermentation in the presence of chitosan was written by Castro-Marin, Antonio;Buglia, Ana Gabriela;Riponi, Claudio;Chinnici, Fabio. And the article was included in LWT–Food Science and Technology in 2018.Recommanded Product: Ethyl 2-hydroxy-3-phenylpropanoate This article mentions the following:

Consumers are increasingly interested in healthier wines containing reduced levels or totally absent of sulphites. In the present investigation distinct fermentations of white musts either in the presence of chitosan or sulfur dioxide were carried out in order to compare the volatile and fixed composition of the wines produced, and evaluate the impact of chitosan as an alternative to sulfur dioxide. Chitosan promoted a 24 h extended lag-phase and diminished the titratable acidity of wines by about 1 g L^-1 as a consequence of the absorption of tartaric and malic acids onto the polymer surface. The volatile composition of wines was analyzed at the end of the alc. fermentation and then after 12 mo of storage in glass bottle. Hexanoic, octanoic and decanoic acids were significantly higher in chitosan added wines, which further contained an increased amount of Et and acetate esters. Results demonstrated that, when added before the alc. fermentation, chitosan may affect both the acidic and volatile composition of wines, likely due to its polycationic behavior and interaction with yeast wall constituents. This also suggests that attention to wine acidic balance should be paid before its use in other vinification steps such as must clarification or wine fining. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Ethyl 2-hydroxy-3-phenylpropanoate (cas: 15399-05-0Recommanded Product: Ethyl 2-hydroxy-3-phenylpropanoate).

Ethyl 2-hydroxy-3-phenylpropanoate (cas: 15399-05-0) belongs to esters. Carboxylic acid esters of low molecular weight are colourless, volatile liquids with pleasant odours, slightly soluble in water. Because of their lack of hydrogen-bond-donating ability, esters do not self-associate. Consequently, esters are more volatile than carboxylic acids of similar molecular weight.Recommanded Product: Ethyl 2-hydroxy-3-phenylpropanoate

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Cascade iodination-fluorination synthesis of 2-fluorothiophene and 5-fluoro-2-thienyliodonium salts was written by Onys’ko, Petro P.;Kim, Tetyana V.;Kiseleva, Olena I.;Rassukana, Yuliya V.;Gakh, Andrei A.. And the article was included in Journal of Fluorine Chemistry in 2009.Recommanded Product: 19432-68-9 This article mentions the following:

The synthesis of F-containing 2-thienyliodonium salts was accomplished using cascade iodination-fluorination. Thus, thiophene is converted to bis(2-thienyl)iodonium hexafluorophosphate using electrophilic iodination. Upon heating with KF, this salt undergoes regioselective fluorination producing 2-fluorothiophene. Subsequent iodination yields fluorothienyliodonium salts. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Methyl 2-thienylacetate (cas: 19432-68-9Recommanded Product: 19432-68-9).

Methyl 2-thienylacetate (cas: 19432-68-9) belongs to esters. Esters are also usually derived from carboxylic acids. It may also be obtained by reaction of acid anhydride or acid halides with alcohols or by the reaction of salts of carboxylic acids with alkyl halides. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides alcoholysis is another way to produce esters. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with alcohols to produce esters. Anydrous conditions are recommended since both acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with water.Recommanded Product: 19432-68-9

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Bioreductive production of enantiopure (S)-duloxetine intermediates catalyzed with ketoreductase ChKRED15 was written by Ren, Zhi-Qiang;Liu, Yan;Pei, Xiao-Qiong;Wang, Hai-Bo;Wu, Zhong-Liu. And the article was included in Journal of Molecular Catalysis B: Enzymatic in 2015.Recommanded Product: 13669-10-8 This article mentions the following:

The blockbuster antidepressant drug duloxetine contains one stereo-center derived from chiral alc. intermediates. The stereoselective bioreductive production of five of such intermediates could be achieved using the recombinant ketoreductase ChKRED15, yielding the enantiopure (S)-alcs. with >99% ee. Sequence alignment indicated that ChKRED15 lacks the conserved G-rich motif, which was then amended by a single mutation of S12G. The resulting S12G mutant displayed significantly improved catalytic activity and protein stability. When coupled with a cofactor recycling system, the S12G mutant was able to catalyze the complete conversion of Et 3-oxo-3-(thiophen-2-yl)propanoate within 6 h and N-methyl-3-oxo-3-(thiophen-2-yl)propanamide within 24 h at substrate concentrations of 10 and 50 g/l, resp., without the compromise of enantioselectivity. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Ethyl 3-oxo-3-(thiophen-2-yl)propanoate (cas: 13669-10-8Recommanded Product: 13669-10-8).

Ethyl 3-oxo-3-(thiophen-2-yl)propanoate (cas: 13669-10-8) belongs to esters. Volatile esters with characteristic odours are used in synthetic flavours, perfumes, and cosmetics. Certain volatile esters are used as solvents for lacquers, paints, and varnishes. Liquid esters of low volatility serve as softening agents for resins and plastics. Esters also include many industrially important polymers. Polymethyl methacrylate is a glass substitute sold under the names Lucite and Plexiglas; polyethylene terephthalate is used as a film (Mylar) and as textile fibres sold as Terylene, Fortrel, and Dacron.Recommanded Product: 13669-10-8

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Silver-Catalyzed Cascade 1,6-Addition/Cyclization of para-Quinone Methides with Propargyl Malonates: An Approach to Spiro[4.5]deca-6,9-dien-8-ones was written by Yuan, Zhenbo;Liu, Lina;Pan, Rui;Yao, Hequan;Lin, Aijun. And the article was included in Journal of Organic Chemistry in 2017.Product Details of 17920-23-9 This article mentions the following:

In the presence of AgNO₃, para-quinone methides such as I {R = Ph, 4-FC₆H₄, 4-ClC₆H₄, 4-BrC₆H₄, 4-MeO₂CC₆H₄, 4-NCC₆H₄, 4-F₃CC₆H₄, 4-MeC₆H₄, 4-MeOC₆H₄, 4-Me₂NC₆H₄, 4-PhC₆H₄, 4-[(E)-PhCH:CH]C₆H₄, 3-BrC₆H₄, 2-BrC₆H₄, 1-naphthyl, 2-thienyl, Me, (E)-PhCH:CH} underwent chemoselective cascade addition and cyclization reactions with propargylmalonates and a propargylsulfonamide mediated by Cs₂CO₃ in DMF to yield spirocyclopentanecyclohexadienedicarboxylates such as II {R = Ph, 4-FC₆H₄, 4-ClC₆H₄, 4-BrC₆H₄, 4-MeO₂CC₆H₄, 4-NCC₆H₄, 4-F₃CC₆H₄, 4-MeC₆H₄, 4-MeOC₆H₄, 4-Me₂NC₆H₄, 4-PhC₆H₄, 4-[(E)-PhCH:CH]C₆H₄, 3-BrC₆H₄, 2-BrC₆H₄, 1-naphthyl, 2-thienyl, Me, (E)-PhCH:CH} and a spirocyclohexadienepyrrolidine. The structure of II (R = Ph) was determined by X-ray crystallog. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Diethyl 2-(prop-2-yn-1-yl)malonate (cas: 17920-23-9Product Details of 17920-23-9).

Diethyl 2-(prop-2-yn-1-yl)malonate (cas: 17920-23-9) belongs to esters. Esters perform as high-grade solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers, and are one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market. Polyesters are important plastics, with monomers linked by ester moieties. Many esters have the potential for conformational isomerism, but they tend to adopt an s-cis (or Z) conformation rather than the s-trans (or E) alternative, due to a combination of hyperconjugation and dipole minimization effects. The preference for the Z conformation is influenced by the nature of the substituents and solvent, if present. Lactones with small rings are restricted to the s-trans (i.e. E) conformation due to their cyclic structure.Product Details of 17920-23-9

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

New gold(I) complexes with 5-aromatic ring-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2-thione and triphenylphosphine as potential multifunctional materials was written by Zhao, Yu Qiang;Zhou, Jie;He, Renze;Wang, Guang Ke;Miao, Lan Xi;Xie, Xiao Guang;Zhou, Ying. And the article was included in Tetrahedron Letters in 2020.Category: esters-buliding-blocks This article mentions the following:

Three new gold(I) complexes (4a, 4b, 4c) with 5-aromatic ring-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2-thione and triphenylphosphine as ligands were synthesized. Structures of 4a and 4b were determined through X-ray single-crystal diffraction, and it displayed that 4a and 4b had the same metal coordination pattern, wherein the ligand was coordinated by the sulfur atom to the central metal ion of gold(I). The optical properties of these gold(I) complexes were studied both in solution and in solid-state. In DMSO, 4a and 4b peaked at 415 nm and 443 nm, resp., and the CIE coordinates of 4a and 4b in the solid-state were in the green area, (0.26, 0.46) and (0.24, 0.41). HOMO/LUMO levels and bandgaps of 4a, 4b and 4c were assessed by UV spectrum estimation, electrochem. method, and theor. calculations The observation hinted that the photophys. properties and energy levels of these gold(I) complexes can be adjusted by the introduction of different substituent aromatic rings at the 5-position of the 1,3,4-oxadiazole-2-thiol moiety. The findings of good optical, electrochem. and thermal properties of these new gold (I) complexes demonstrated their potential in the future studies as multifunctional materials. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Ethyl 2-hydroxybenzoate (cas: 118-61-6Category: esters-buliding-blocks).

Ethyl 2-hydroxybenzoate (cas: 118-61-6) belongs to esters. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits. Esters contain a carbonyl center, which gives rise to 120° C–C–O and O–C–O angles. Unlike amides, esters are structurally flexible functional groups because rotation about the C–O–C bonds has a low barrier. Their flexibility and low polarity is manifested in their physical properties; they tend to be less rigid (lower melting point) and more volatile (lower boiling point) than the corresponding amides. Category: esters-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics