Tag: 100-200

Effect of the Melicoccus bijugatus leaf and fruit extracts and acidic solvents on the antimicrobial properties of chitosan-starch films was written by Juarez-Mendez, M. E.;Lozano-Navarro, J. I.;Velasco-Santos, C.;Perez-Sanchez, J. F.;Zapien-Castillo, S.;Del Angel-Moxica, I. E.;Melo-Banda, J. A.;Tijerina-Ramos, B. I.;Diaz-Zavala, N. P.. And the article was included in Journal of Applied Microbiology in 2021.Synthetic Route of C6H10O2 This article mentions the following:

Aim : Analyzing the antimicrobial activity-against food-borne micro-organisms-of modified chitosan-starch films using formic and acetic acid as chitosan solvents and Melicoccus bijugatus leaves and fruit extracts Methods and Results : The films’ antimicrobial activity against mesophilic aerobic bacteria, total coliform and fungi were also analyzed, in accordance with the Mexican Official Norms (NOM-092-SSA1-1994, NOM-111-SSA1-1994 and NOM-113-SSA1-1994). The pH values of the films and extracts were measured, and the volatile compounds of the extracts and two films were determined by Gas Chromatog.-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) considering the relationship among the type of compounds, extracts concentration, films’ pH and the antimicrobial activity against bacteria and fungi. The best results are obtained by films with formic acid and 10% (volume/volume) of leaf and fruit extracts, in comparison with untreated chitosan-starch films. Conclusions : The extracts’ compounds improved the films’ antimicrobial capacity and inhibited the growth of micro-organisms with no previous sterilization required. It is correlated to the pH of the media, the combination of solvent/extract used and its concentration Significance and Impact of the study : This is one of the few researches where the antimicrobial activity of M. bijugatus extracts is studied. It was found that the presence of these extracts is capable of improving the antimicrobial activities of chitosan-starch films. The performance of the modified films suggests their potential application as novel food packaging materials and encourages further research. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 5-Ethyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one (cas: 695-06-7Synthetic Route of C6H10O2).

5-Ethyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one (cas: 695-06-7) belongs to esters. Esters perform as high-grade solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers, and are one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market. Esterification is the general name for a chemical reaction in which two reactants (typically an alcohol and an acid) form an ester as the reaction product. Esters are common in organic chemistry and biological materials.Synthetic Route of C6H10O2

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Differential volatile organic compounds signatures of apple juices from Madeira Island according to variety and geographical origin was written by Medina, Sonia;Perestrelo, Rosa;Santos, Rui;Pereira, Regina;Camara, Jose S.. And the article was included in Microchemical Journal in 2019.Electric Literature of C6H12O2 This article mentions the following:

One of the main food authenticity issues is related to products�false labeling concerning their variety or geog. origin. For this reason, the aim of this study was to establish distinctive characteristics for the discrimination of apple juices according to regional varieties (Rijo, Verde, Ribeiro and Azedo) and geog. origin (Prazeres and Santo da Serra (Madeira Island)) on the basis of their volatile pattern by headspace solid-phase microextraction combined with gas chromatog. mass spectrometry (HS-SPME/GC-MS) combined with chemometric tools. The results obtained revealed a perfect discrimination between the different apple varieties, with Rijo apple juices as samples with the major relative concentration of ethanol, Et butanoate, Et 2-methylbutanoate and Et hexanoate. Moreover, this study allowed a geog. origin-based classification of Azedo apple juices, highlighting Et acetate, 2-methyl-1-propanol, Et hexanoate, and toluene (described for the first time in apple juices) as discriminatory features. This study demonstrated that volatile organic compounds (VOCs) could serve as authenticity indicators to verify variety and geog. origin of apple juices, providing local producers multiple benefits and legal protection against misuse of the products. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Methyl2-methylbutyrate (cas: 868-57-5Electric Literature of C6H12O2).

Methyl2-methylbutyrate (cas: 868-57-5) belongs to esters. Volatile esters with characteristic odours are used in synthetic flavours, perfumes, and cosmetics. Certain volatile esters are used as solvents for lacquers, paints, and varnishes. Esters contain a carbonyl center, which gives rise to 120° C–C–O and O–C–O angles. Unlike amides, esters are structurally flexible functional groups because rotation about the C–O–C bonds has a low barrier. Their flexibility and low polarity is manifested in their physical properties; they tend to be less rigid (lower melting point) and more volatile (lower boiling point) than the corresponding amides. Electric Literature of C6H12O2

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Development of a dual MOS electronic nose/camera system for improving fruit ripeness classification was written by Chen, Li-Ying;Wu, Cheng-Chun;Chou, Ting-I.;Chiu, Shih-Wen;Tang, Kea-Tiong. And the article was included in Sensors in 2018.Electric Literature of C10H20O2 This article mentions the following:

Electronic nose (E-nose) systems have become popular in food and fruit quality evaluation because of their rapid and repeatable availability and robustness. In this paper, we propose an E-nose system that has potential as a non-destructive system for monitoring variation in the volatile organic compounds produced by fruit during the maturing process. In addition to the E-nose system, we also propose a camera system to monitor the peel color of fruit as another feature for identification. By incorporating E-nose and camera systems together, we propose a non-destructive solution for fruit maturity monitoring. The dual E-nose/camera system presents the best Fisher class separability measure and shows a perfect classification of the four maturity stages of a banana: Unripe, half-ripe, fully ripe, and overripe. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Isopentyl 3-methylbutanoate (cas: 659-70-1Electric Literature of C10H20O2).

Isopentyl 3-methylbutanoate (cas: 659-70-1) belongs to esters. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits. Esters are more polar than ethers but less polar than alcohols. They participate in hydrogen bonds as hydrogen-bond acceptors, but cannot act as hydrogen-bond donors, unlike their parent alcohols. This ability to participate in hydrogen bonding confers some water-solubility.Electric Literature of C10H20O2

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Exploring the volatile profile of whiskey samples using solid-phase microextraction Arrow and comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was written by Ferracane, Antonio;Manousi, Natalia;Tranchida, Peter Q.;Zachariadis, George A.;Mondello, Luigi;Rosenberg, Erwin. And the article was included in Journal of Chromatography A in 2022.Recommanded Product: 105-87-3 This article mentions the following:

We present a novel sample preparation method for the extraction and preconcentration of volatile organic compounds from whiskey samples prior to their determination by comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatog. (GC x GC) coupled to mass spectrometry (MS). Sample preparation of the volatile compounds, important for the organoleptic characteristics of different whiskeys and their acceptance and liking by the consumers, is based on the use of the solid-phase microextraction (SPME) Arrow. After optimization, the proposed method was compared with conventional SPME regarding the anal. of different types of whiskey (i.e., Irish whiskey, single malt Scotch whiskey and blended Scotch whiskey) and was shown to exhibit an up to a factor of six higher sensitivity and better repeatability by a factor of up to five, depending on the compound class. A total of 167 volatile organic compounds, including terpenes, alcs., esters, carboxylic acids, ketones, were tentatively-identified using the SPME Arrow technique, while a significantly lower number of compounds (126) were determined by means of conventional SPME. SPME Arrow combined with GC x GC-MS was demonstrated to be a powerful anal. tool for the exploration of the volatile profile of complex samples, allowing to identify differences in important flavor compounds for the three different types of whiskey investigated. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (E)-3,7-Dimethylocta-2,6-dien-1-yl acetate (cas: 105-87-3Recommanded Product: 105-87-3).

(E)-3,7-Dimethylocta-2,6-dien-1-yl acetate (cas: 105-87-3) belongs to esters. Esters typically have a pleasant smell; those of low molecular weight are commonly used as fragrances and are found in essential oils and pheromones. Esters contain a carbonyl center, which gives rise to 120° C–C–O and O–C–O angles. Unlike amides, esters are structurally flexible functional groups because rotation about the C–O–C bonds has a low barrier. Their flexibility and low polarity is manifested in their physical properties; they tend to be less rigid (lower melting point) and more volatile (lower boiling point) than the corresponding amides. Recommanded Product: 105-87-3

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Cross-Coupling between Difluorocarbene and Carbene-Derived Intermediates Generated from Diazocompounds for the Synthesis of gem-Difluoroolefins was written by Zheng, Jian;Lin, Jin-Hong;Yu, Liu-Ying;Wei, Yun;Zheng, Xing;Xiao, Ji-Chang. And the article was included in Organic Letters in 2015.Application In Synthesis of Ethyl 2-fluorophenylacetate This article mentions the following:

Cross-coupling between difluorocarbene and carbene-derived intermediates generated from diazo compounds was developed to give gem-difluoroolefins, which constitutes a fast practical pathway to achieve hindered gem-difluoroolefins. The cross-coupling between difluorocarbene and aryl diazoacetates proceeded smoothly in the presence of a copper source, whereas its coupling with diaryl diazomethanes occurred well under metal-free conditions. A mechanism involving a copper-difluorocarbene complex was proposed. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Ethyl 2-fluorophenylacetate (cas: 584-74-7Application In Synthesis of Ethyl 2-fluorophenylacetate).

Ethyl 2-fluorophenylacetate (cas: 584-74-7) belongs to esters. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits, including apples, durians, pears, bananas, pineapples, and strawberries. Esters are more polar than ethers but less polar than alcohols. They participate in hydrogen bonds as hydrogen-bond acceptors, but cannot act as hydrogen-bond donors, unlike their parent alcohols. This ability to participate in hydrogen bonding confers some water-solubility.Application In Synthesis of Ethyl 2-fluorophenylacetate

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Effects of ultrasonic waves on the generation and reactivities of some metal powders was written by Boudjouk, Philip;Thompson, Dennis P.;Ohrbom, Walter H.;Han, Byung Hee. And the article was included in Organometallics in 1986.Application of 15399-05-0 This article mentions the following:

Ultrasound substantially accelerates the Li reductions of a variety of metal halides to metal powders. Zn powder produced in âˆ?0 min at room temperature with ultrasound demonstrates the reactivity in the Reformatskii reaction which rivals Zn produced in 4 h with K in refluxing THF. Similarly Cu and Ni powders produced in âˆ?0 min with ultrasound promote Ullmann coupling as effectively as Cu and Ni powders produced in >10 h in the presence of stirring. Results regarding the effect of iodide salts in the Ullmann coupling of C₆H₅CH₂Cl are also presented. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Ethyl 2-hydroxy-3-phenylpropanoate (cas: 15399-05-0Application of 15399-05-0).

Ethyl 2-hydroxy-3-phenylpropanoate (cas: 15399-05-0) belongs to esters. Volatile esters with characteristic odours are used in synthetic flavours, perfumes, and cosmetics. Certain volatile esters are used as solvents for lacquers, paints, and varnishes. Many esters have the potential for conformational isomerism, but they tend to adopt an s-cis (or Z) conformation rather than the s-trans (or E) alternative, due to a combination of hyperconjugation and dipole minimization effects. The preference for the Z conformation is influenced by the nature of the substituents and solvent, if present. Lactones with small rings are restricted to the s-trans (i.e. E) conformation due to their cyclic structure.Application of 15399-05-0

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Selection of non-Saccharomyces yeasts for orange wine fermentation based on their enological traits and volatile compounds formation was written by Hu, Lanlan;Wang, Jia;Ji, Xueao;Liu, Rui;Chen, Fusheng;Zhang, Xiuyan. And the article was included in Journal of Food Science and Technology (New Delhi, India) in 2018.Reference of 659-70-1 This article mentions the following:

In order to select the non-Saccharomyces yeasts for orange wine fermentation, the enol. traits and volatile compounds formation of ten non-Saccharomyces yeast strains were evaluated through physicochem. methods and solid-phase microextraction coupled to GC-MS, resp. The results indicated that non-Saccharomyces yeast fermentation had lower maximum populations (7.8-8.0 Log cfu/mL), longer fermentation period (7-10 days), lower ethanol (4.13-7.79%), lower total acids (7.48-8.51 g/L) and higher volatile acids concentrations (0.08-0.23 g/L) when compared with those of Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation Hanseniaspora uvarum, Hanseniaspora opuntiae, Hanseniaspora occidentalis, Pichia kudriavzevii and Torulaspora delbrueckii were selected as candidates for orange wine fermentation with higher volatile compounds concentration, odor active values and sensory evaluation scores. This study will provide a valuable selection method of non-Saccharomyces yeasts for orange wine fermentation, and an approach to improve the flavor of orange wine or other fruit wine. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Isopentyl 3-methylbutanoate (cas: 659-70-1Reference of 659-70-1).

Isopentyl 3-methylbutanoate (cas: 659-70-1) belongs to esters. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits, including apples, durians, pears, bananas, pineapples, and strawberries. Because of their lack of hydrogen-bond-donating ability, esters do not self-associate. Consequently, esters are more volatile than carboxylic acids of similar molecular weight.Reference of 659-70-1

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

The rapid preparation of 2-aminosulfonamide-1,3,4-oxadiazoles using polymer-supported reagents and microwave heating was written by Baxendale, Ian R.;Ley, Steven V.;Martinelli, Marisa. And the article was included in Tetrahedron in 2005.Related Products of 16413-26-6 This article mentions the following:

The preparation of a library of 5-substituted-2-amino-1,3,4-oxadiazoles, e.g., I, and the corresponding thiadiazole analogs is reported. A one-pot preparation of the 2-aminosulfonylated analogs through a three component coupling of an acylhydrazine, an isocyanate and sulfonyl chloride promoted by a polymer-supported phosphazine base under microwave dielec. heating is presented. The optimization process and details pertaining to the elucidation of the reaction products is also discussed. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-Cyanophenylisocyanate (cas: 16413-26-6Related Products of 16413-26-6).

3-Cyanophenylisocyanate (cas: 16413-26-6) belongs to esters. Carboxylic acid esters of low molecular weight are colourless, volatile liquids with pleasant odours, slightly soluble in water. Esters contain a carbonyl center, which gives rise to 120° C–C–O and O–C–O angles. Unlike amides, esters are structurally flexible functional groups because rotation about the C–O–C bonds has a low barrier. Their flexibility and low polarity is manifested in their physical properties; they tend to be less rigid (lower melting point) and more volatile (lower boiling point) than the corresponding amides. Related Products of 16413-26-6

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Analysis of the essential oil composition of three cultivated Nepeta species from Iran was written by Amirmohammadi, Fatemeh Zahra;Azizi, Majid;Nemati, Seyyed Hossein;Iriti, Marcello;Vitalini, Sara. And the article was included in Zeitschrift fuer Naturforschung, C: Journal of Biosciences in 2020.Formula: C10H20O2 This article mentions the following:

Essential oils (EOs) of three Iranian cultivated Nepeta species were investigated. The oils were obtained by hydrodistillation of air-dried plant materials at full flowering stage and analyzed by gas chromatog. (GC) and gas chromatog. coupled to mass spectroscopy (GC/MS). In total, 89 compounds were detected. In over 2 years, a number of constituents were identified in the EO of Nepeta binaloudensis first and second years (26 and 37, resp.), Nepeta cataria (25 and 32, resp.), and Nepeta assurgens (45 and 50, resp.). In the oils of N. binaloudensis, 4a-α,7-α,7a-α-nepetalactone (NL) 59.7% and 1,8-cineole (19.6%) during the first and second years, resp., were the main constituents. The main components of N. cataria were 4a-α,7-α,7a-β-NL (72.8%) and 4a-α,7-β,7a-α-NL (73.9%) during the first and second years, resp., and 4a-α,7-α,7a-α-NL (55.5%) and 1,8-cineole (24.1%) during the first and second years, resp., were the main constituents of N. assurgens. The results showed that NLs isomers and 1,8-cineole were the main components of the oils of three cultivated Nepeta species. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Isopentyl 3-methylbutanoate (cas: 659-70-1Formula: C10H20O2).

Isopentyl 3-methylbutanoate (cas: 659-70-1) belongs to esters. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits. Because of their lack of hydrogen-bond-donating ability, esters do not self-associate. Consequently, esters are more volatile than carboxylic acids of similar molecular weight.Formula: C10H20O2

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Chemical Composition and Antifungal Activity of Essential Oil from the Roots of Tinomiscium petiolare was written by Chac, Le D.;Thinh, Bui B.;Doudkin, Roman V.;Minh Hong, Nguyen T.;Chinh, Hoang V.. And the article was included in Chemistry of Natural Compounds in 2022.Application In Synthesis of (E)-3,7-Dimethylocta-2,6-dien-1-yl acetate This article mentions the following:

Tinomiscium petiolare Hook. f. & Thomson is a medicinal species of the genus Tinomiscium (Menispermaceae). This species grows naturally in mixed forests at an altitude of 200 to 600 m in tropical Asian countries, including Vietnam. The literature search has not revealed any reports of the chem. composition and antifungal activity of the root oils of T. petiolare. The average yield of the essential oil was 0.05% ± 0.01 (v/w) calculated on a dry weight basis. In addition, significant quantities of γ-terpinene (5.50%), β-bisabolene (5.07%), geraniol (4.82%), geranyl acetate (4.70%), and (Z)-ligustilide (4.45%) were also present in the oil. This is to our knowledge the first report on the chem. composition of T. petiolare root oil. Results show that the root oil of T. petiolare inhibited the growth of Aspergillus niger with an MIC value of 200 μ g/mL. The antifungal activity of essential oil can be explained by the presence of geranial and neral. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (E)-3,7-Dimethylocta-2,6-dien-1-yl acetate (cas: 105-87-3Application In Synthesis of (E)-3,7-Dimethylocta-2,6-dien-1-yl acetate).

(E)-3,7-Dimethylocta-2,6-dien-1-yl acetate (cas: 105-87-3) belongs to esters. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits, including apples, durians, pears, bananas, pineapples, and strawberries. Esters are more polar than ethers but less polar than alcohols. They participate in hydrogen bonds as hydrogen-bond acceptors, but cannot act as hydrogen-bond donors, unlike their parent alcohols. This ability to participate in hydrogen bonding confers some water-solubility.Application In Synthesis of (E)-3,7-Dimethylocta-2,6-dien-1-yl acetate

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics