Tag: 100-200

Manganese-Promoted Regioselective Ring-Opening of 2,3-Epoxy Acid Derivatives: A New Route to α-Hydroxy Acid Derivatives was written by Concellon, Jose M.;Bernad, Pablo L.;Rodriguez-Solla, Humberto;Diaz, Pamela. And the article was included in Advanced Synthesis & Catalysis in 2009.Recommanded Product: Ethyl 2-hydroxy-3-phenylpropanoate This article mentions the following:

A simple and general methodol. directed towards the synthesis 3-aryl-2-hydroxy amides, or esters with total regioselectivity from the easily available 2,3-epoxy amides or esters, promoted by active manganese is described. Utilizing enantiopure epoxy amides as starting materials, the corresponding 3-aryl-2-hydroxy amides in enantiopure form are also available. Some synthetic applications of selected examples of 3-aryl-2-hydroxy carboxylic acid derivatives are shown. A mechanism has been proposed to explain this novel reaction. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Ethyl 2-hydroxy-3-phenylpropanoate (cas: 15399-05-0Recommanded Product: Ethyl 2-hydroxy-3-phenylpropanoate).

Ethyl 2-hydroxy-3-phenylpropanoate (cas: 15399-05-0) belongs to esters. Volatile esters with characteristic odours are used in synthetic flavours, perfumes, and cosmetics. Certain volatile esters are used as solvents for lacquers, paints, and varnishes. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides alcoholysis is another way to produce esters. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with alcohols to produce esters. Anydrous conditions are recommended since both acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with water.Recommanded Product: Ethyl 2-hydroxy-3-phenylpropanoate

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Changes in free and glycosidically bound volatile compounds of nectarine fruit during low-temperature storage was written by Zhang, Q.;Zhou, D. D.;Jiang, M. W.;Tu, K.. And the article was included in International Food Research Journal in 2022.SDS of cas: 706-14-9 This article mentions the following:

Free and glycosidically bound volatiles are two essential aroma compounds contributing to the flavor of nectarine fruits. To explore the relationship between free and bound volatiles in nectarine fruits during postharvest storage, they were first harvested and then subjected to the temperatures of 1, 5, and 8°C for 35 d, and the changes in volatile compounds, β-glucosidase (β-Glu) activity, and the expression of UGT (UDP-glucosyltransferase) involved in the accumulation of bound linalool were determined Results showed that nectarine fruits stored at 5°C had the lowest contents of free volatile compounds due to damage from chilling injury, and the contents of esters and lactones decreased at 1 and 5°C. The contents of bound volatiles increased during the early storage period, and decreased afterwards due to an increase in β-Glu activity. Corresponding to the higher contents of bound volatiles at 1°C, the β-Glu activity in nectarine fruits stored at 1°C was significantly lower than that in nectarine fruits stored at the other two temperatures In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 5-Hexyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one (cas: 706-14-9SDS of cas: 706-14-9).

5-Hexyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one (cas: 706-14-9) belongs to esters. Esters are also usually derived from carboxylic acids. It may also be obtained by reaction of acid anhydride or acid halides with alcohols or by the reaction of salts of carboxylic acids with alkyl halides. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides alcoholysis is another way to produce esters. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with alcohols to produce esters. Anydrous conditions are recommended since both acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with water.SDS of cas: 706-14-9

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Essential oils from Eucalyptus staigeriana F. Muell. ex Bailey and Eucalyptus urograndis W. Hill ex Maiden associated to carboxymethylcellulose coating for the control of Botrytis cinerea Pers. Fr. and Rhizopus stolonifer (Ehrenb.:Fr.) Vuill. in strawberries was written by da Silva, Paula Porrelli Moreira;de Oliveira, Jacqueline;Biazotto, Anaile dos Mares;Parisi, Marise Martins;da Gloria, Eduardo Micoti;Spoto, Marta Helena Fillet. And the article was included in Industrial Crops and Products in 2020.Reference of 659-70-1 This article mentions the following:

The fungi Rhizopus stolonifer (Ehrenb.:Fr.) Vuill. (R. stolonifer (Ehrenb.:Fr.) Vuill.) and Botrytis cinerea Pers. Fr. (B. cinerea Pers. Fr.) are causal agents of important post-harvest diseases in strawberries. For their control, the essential oil extracted from the leaves of Eucalyptus staigeriana Muell. ex Bailey (E. staigeriana F. Muell. ex Bailey) and Eucalyptus urograndis W. Hill ex Maiden (E. urograndis W. Hill ex Maiden) can be a good alternative to the synthetic fungicides. Thus, the antifungal activity of the EOs from E. staigeriana F. Muell. ex Bailey and from E. urograndis W. Hill ex Maiden was evaluated in vitro on the fungi B. cinerea Pers. Fr. and R. stolonifer (Ehrenb.:Fr.) Vuill.. The effects on pathogen morphol. and the in vivo antifungal activity of the EO that presented the highest activity in vitro, associated with CM-cellulose (CMC), were also verified. The chem. composition of the essential oils evaluated was determined The EO from E. staigeriana F. Muell. ex Bailey was the most efficient in the in vitro assays on the two fungi. This EO, whose major compound is limonene, caused dehydration and rupture of the fungal hyphae, suggesting its action is on the cell wall and membrane. The incorporation of this EO to CMC in the curative way reduced the severity of soft rot, caused by R. stolonifer (Ehrenb.:Fr.) Vuill.; nevertheless, it did not present an effect on the inhibition of B. cinerea Pers. Fr.. These results suggest that E. staigeriana F. Muell. ex Bailey EO, associated to CMC coating, can be an alternative to the use of synthetic fungicides for the control of R. stolonifer (Ehrenb.:Fr.) Vuill., mainly. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Isopentyl 3-methylbutanoate (cas: 659-70-1Reference of 659-70-1).

Isopentyl 3-methylbutanoate (cas: 659-70-1) belongs to esters. Esters perform as high-grade solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers, and are one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market. Esters contain a carbonyl center, which gives rise to 120° C–C–O and O–C–O angles. Unlike amides, esters are structurally flexible functional groups because rotation about the C–O–C bonds has a low barrier. Their flexibility and low polarity is manifested in their physical properties; they tend to be less rigid (lower melting point) and more volatile (lower boiling point) than the corresponding amides. Reference of 659-70-1

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Palladium(II)/Lewis Acid Synergistically Catalyzed Allylic C-H Olefination was written by Wang, Pu-Sheng;Lin, Hua-Chen;Zhou, Xiao-Le;Gong, Liu-Zhu. And the article was included in Organic Letters in 2014.Quality Control of Ethyl 2-fluorophenylacetate This article mentions the following:

The first allylic C-H olefination with α-diazo esters synergistically catalyzed by a palladium(II) complex and (salen)CrCl has been established to directly generate conjugated polyene derivatives in moderate to high yields and with excellent stereoselectivities. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Ethyl 2-fluorophenylacetate (cas: 584-74-7Quality Control of Ethyl 2-fluorophenylacetate).

Ethyl 2-fluorophenylacetate (cas: 584-74-7) belongs to esters. Volatile esters with characteristic odours are used in synthetic flavours, perfumes, and cosmetics. Certain volatile esters are used as solvents for lacquers, paints, and varnishes. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides alcoholysis is another way to produce esters. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with alcohols to produce esters. Anydrous conditions are recommended since both acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with water.Quality Control of Ethyl 2-fluorophenylacetate

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Identification and structure-activity relationships of 1-aryl-3-piperidin-4-yl-urea derivatives as CXCR3 receptor antagonists was written by Allen, Daniel R.;Bolt, Amanda;Chapman, Gayle A.;Knight, Roland L.;Meissner, Johannes W. G.;Owen, David A.;Watson, Robert J.. And the article was included in Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters in 2007.Category: esters-buliding-blocks This article mentions the following:

The synthesis and biol. evaluation of a series of 1-aryl-3-piperidin-4-yl-urea derivatives, e.g., I, as small-mol. CXCR3 antagonists is described. SAR studies resulted in significant improvement of potency and physicochem. properties and established the key pharmacophore of the series, and led to the identification of 9t, which exhibits an IC₅₀ of 16 nM in the GTPγS³⁵ functional assay. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-Cyanophenylisocyanate (cas: 16413-26-6Category: esters-buliding-blocks).

3-Cyanophenylisocyanate (cas: 16413-26-6) belongs to esters. Esters typically have a pleasant smell; those of low molecular weight are commonly used as fragrances and are found in essential oils and pheromones. Esters contain a carbonyl center, which gives rise to 120° C–C–O and O–C–O angles. Unlike amides, esters are structurally flexible functional groups because rotation about the C–O–C bonds has a low barrier. Their flexibility and low polarity is manifested in their physical properties; they tend to be less rigid (lower melting point) and more volatile (lower boiling point) than the corresponding amides. Category: esters-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Coupled multidimensional GC and odor activity value calculation to identify off-odors in thermally processed muskmelon juice was written by Pang, Xueli;Zhang, Yizhi;Qiu, Jun;Cao, Jianmin;Sun, Yuqing;Li, Hehe;Kong, Fanyu. And the article was included in Food Chemistry in 2019.Electric Literature of C6H12O2 This article mentions the following:

Predominant contributors to thermally-induced off-notes in muskmelon juice were investigated by combination of sensory evaluation, GC-olfactometry (GC-O), multidimensional GC, odor activity value (OAV) calculation and addition experiments “Fermented” and “sulfurous” were revealed as the dominant heat-induced offensive off-notes, and fundamental heat-led changes in odorant compositions were observed Comparative aroma extract dilution anal. revealed that the off-flavors were mainly caused by newly heat-formed compounds with extremely low odor threshold and unpleasant smells. These included volatile sulfur compounds with “rotten” odors, Strecker aldehydes having “fermented” notes, and heterocyclics exhibiting “roasted” smells. Specifically, di-Me sulfide, methional, methanethiol, di-Me trisulfide, di-Me disulfide, and acetaldehyde were identified as the predominant off-note contributors, among which DMS was the most important one, showing the highest OAV. Multiple extraction techniques, GC-O coupling to GC × GC-QTOF-MS and OAV calculation are powerful tools for accurate location and reliable identification of trace and key off-odorants in natural complex matrixes. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Methyl2-methylbutyrate (cas: 868-57-5Electric Literature of C6H12O2).

Methyl2-methylbutyrate (cas: 868-57-5) belongs to esters. Esters typically have a pleasant smell; those of low molecular weight are commonly used as fragrances and are found in essential oils and pheromones. Cyclic esters are called lactones, regardless of whether they are derived from an organic or inorganic acid. One example of an organic lactone is γ-valerolactone.Electric Literature of C6H12O2

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Data-science based analysis of perceptual spaces of odors in olfactory loss was written by Loetsch, Joern;Ultsch, Alfred;Haehner, Antje;Willgeroth, Vivien;Bensafi, Moustafa;Zaliani, Andrea;Hummel, Thomas. And the article was included in Scientific Reports in 2021.Synthetic Route of C10H18O2 This article mentions the following:

Diminished sense of smell impairs the quality of life but olfactorily disabled people are hardly considered in measures of disability inclusion. We aimed to stratify perceptual characteristics and odors according to the extent to which they are perceived differently with reduced sense of smell, as a possible basis for creating olfactory experiences that are enjoyed in a similar way by subjects with normal or impaired olfactory function. In 146 subjects with normal or reduced olfactory function, perceptual characteristics (edibility, intensity, irritation, temperature, familiarity, hedonics, painfulness) were tested for four sets of 10 different odors each. Data were analyzed with (i) a projection based on principal component anal. and (ii) the training of a machine-learning algorithm in a 1000-fold cross-validated setting to distinguish between olfactory diagnosis based on odor property ratings. Both anal. approaches identified perceived intensity and familiarity with the odor as discriminating characteristics between olfactory diagnoses, while evoked pain sensation and perceived temperature were not discriminating, followed by edibility. Two disjoint sets of odors were identified, i.e., d = 4 “discriminating odors” with respect to olfactory diagnosis, including cis-3-hexenol, Me salicylate, 1-butanol and cineole, and d = 7 “non-discriminating odors”, including benzyl acetate, heptanal, 4-ethyl-octanoic acid, methional, isobutyric acid, 4-decanolide and p-cresol. Different weightings of the perceptual properties of odors with normal or reduced sense of smell indicate possibilities to create sensory experiences such as food, meals or scents that by emphasizing trigeminal perceptions can be enjoyed by both normosmic and hyposmic individuals. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 5-Hexyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one (cas: 706-14-9Synthetic Route of C10H18O2).

5-Hexyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one (cas: 706-14-9) belongs to esters. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits. Liquid esters of low volatility serve as softening agents for resins and plastics. Esters also include many industrially important polymers. Polymethyl methacrylate is a glass substitute sold under the names Lucite and Plexiglas; polyethylene terephthalate is used as a film (Mylar) and as textile fibres sold as Terylene, Fortrel, and Dacron.Synthetic Route of C10H18O2

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Synthesis, structure-activity relationship, and pharmacophore modeling studies of pyrazole-3-carbohydrazone derivatives as dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitors was written by Wu, Deyan;Jin, Fangfang;Lu, Weiqiang;Zhu, Jin;Li, Cui;Wang, Wei;Tang, Yun;Jiang, Hualiang;Huang, Jin;Liu, Guixia;Li, Jian. And the article was included in Chemical Biology & Drug Design in 2012.Application of 39163-39-8 This article mentions the following:

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a metabolic disease and a major challenge to health care systems around the world. Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-4), a serine protease, has been rapidly emerging as an effective therapeutic target for the treatment for T2DM. In this study, a series of novel DPP-4 inhibitors, featuring the pyrazole-3-carbohydrazone scaffold, have been discovered using an integrated approach of structure-based virtual screening, chem. synthesis, and bioassay. Virtual screening of SPECS Database, followed by enzymic activity assay, resulted in five micromolar or low-to-mid-micromolar inhibitory level compounds with different scaffold. N’-[(2-hydroxy-1-naphthalenyl)methylene]-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1H-indazole-3-carboxylic acid hydrazide was selected for the further structure modifications in considering inhibitory activity, structural variability, and synthetic accessibility. Seventeen new compounds were synthesized and tested with biol. assays. Nine compounds were found to show inhibitory effects against DPP-4. Mol. docking models give rational explanation about structure-activity relationships. Based on eight DPP-4 inhibitors the best pharmacophore model hypo1 was obtained, consisting of one hydrogen bond donor (HBD), one hydrogen bond acceptor (HBA), and two hydrophobic (HY) features. Both docking models and pharmacophore mapping results are in agreement with pharmacol. results. The present studies give some guiding information for further structural optimization and are helpful for future DPP-4 inhibitors design. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Ethyl 2-oxo-2-(2-oxocyclopentyl)acetate (cas: 39163-39-8Application of 39163-39-8).

Ethyl 2-oxo-2-(2-oxocyclopentyl)acetate (cas: 39163-39-8) belongs to esters. Esters perform as high-grade solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers, and are one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market. Polyesters are important plastics, with monomers linked by ester moieties. Esterification is the general name for a chemical reaction in which two reactants (typically an alcohol and an acid) form an ester as the reaction product. Esters are common in organic chemistry and biological materials.Application of 39163-39-8

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Expedient Synthesis of Thioether-Functionalized Hydrotris(indazolyl)borate as an Anchoring Platform for Rotary Molecular Machines was written by Erbland, Guillaume;Gisbert, Yohan;Rapenne, Gwenael;Kammerer, Claire. And the article was included in European Journal of Organic Chemistry in 2018.Application In Synthesis of Ethyl 3-amino-4-methylbenzoate This article mentions the following:

Major improvements in the synthesis of surface-mounted rotary mol. machines based on ruthenium(II) complexes are reported. The development of a one-pot indium(III)-mediated “N-deprotection/ester reductive sulfidation” sequence allowed step economy, reproducibility and high efficiency in the synthesis of the thioether-functionalized tripodal ligand. Switching to the thallium salt of hydrotris(indazolyl)borate and to microwave heating further optimized the preparation of the common intermediate in the modular synthesis of sym. and dissym. mol. motors and gears. The penta(4-bromophenyl)cyclopentadienyl ruthenium(II) key precursor is now reproducibly synthesized in 5 steps and 31 % overall yield on the longest linear sequence. Subsequent fivefold Suzuki-Miyaura coupling with ferroceneboronic acid led to a new C₅-sym. pentaferrocenyl mol. motor. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Ethyl 3-amino-4-methylbenzoate (cas: 41191-92-8Application In Synthesis of Ethyl 3-amino-4-methylbenzoate).

Ethyl 3-amino-4-methylbenzoate (cas: 41191-92-8) belongs to esters. Esters typically have a pleasant smell; those of low molecular weight are commonly used as fragrances and are found in essential oils and pheromones. Many esters have the potential for conformational isomerism, but they tend to adopt an s-cis (or Z) conformation rather than the s-trans (or E) alternative, due to a combination of hyperconjugation and dipole minimization effects. The preference for the Z conformation is influenced by the nature of the substituents and solvent, if present. Lactones with small rings are restricted to the s-trans (i.e. E) conformation due to their cyclic structure.Application In Synthesis of Ethyl 3-amino-4-methylbenzoate

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Gold-catalyzed room-temperature cycloisomerisation of alkynes and unactivated enolizable ketones was written by Davies, Paul W.;Detty-Mambo, Christelle. And the article was included in Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry in 2010.Reference of 17920-23-9 This article mentions the following:

The cycloisomerisation of simple keto-alkynes proceeds at room temperature under the mild conditions of gold catalysis. Bicyclic fused compounds, e.g., I and spiro compounds, e.g., II can be obtained by overall 5-exo and 6-exo carbon-carbon bond-forming cyclisations. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Diethyl 2-(prop-2-yn-1-yl)malonate (cas: 17920-23-9Reference of 17920-23-9).

Diethyl 2-(prop-2-yn-1-yl)malonate (cas: 17920-23-9) belongs to esters. Volatile esters with characteristic odours are used in synthetic flavours, perfumes, and cosmetics. Certain volatile esters are used as solvents for lacquers, paints, and varnishes. Because of their lack of hydrogen-bond-donating ability, esters do not self-associate. Consequently, esters are more volatile than carboxylic acids of similar molecular weight.Reference of 17920-23-9

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics