Tag: 100-200

Ring opening reactions of 6-oxo-substituted spiro-pyrrolidinediones: synthesis of 4-substituted-1,5-dihydro-3-hydroxy-2-oxo-1,5-diphenyl-2H-pyrroles was written by Emerson, David W.;Titus, Richard L.;Mones, Marlon D.. And the article was included in Journal of Heterocyclic Chemistry in 1998.Formula: C9H12O4 This article mentions the following:

Reaction of 2-oxocycloalkylglyoxylate esters with N-phenylmethyleneaniline yields 2-aza-3,4,6-trioxo-1,2-diphenylspiro[4.n]alkanes. These undergo solvolytic opening of the oxocycloalkane ring to yield 4-substituted-1,5-dihydro-3-hydroxy-2-oxo-1,5-diphenyl-2H-pyrroles. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Ethyl 2-oxo-2-(2-oxocyclopentyl)acetate (cas: 39163-39-8Formula: C9H12O4).

Ethyl 2-oxo-2-(2-oxocyclopentyl)acetate (cas: 39163-39-8) belongs to esters. Esters perform as high-grade solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers, and are one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market. Liquid esters of low volatility serve as softening agents for resins and plastics. Esters also include many industrially important polymers. Polymethyl methacrylate is a glass substitute sold under the names Lucite and Plexiglas; polyethylene terephthalate is used as a film (Mylar) and as textile fibres sold as Terylene, Fortrel, and Dacron.Formula: C9H12O4

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Volatile composition changes in lemon during fruit maturation by HS-SPME – GC – MS was written by Li, Chunxiu;Li, Xunlan;Liang, Guolu;Xiang, Suqiong;Han, Guohui. And the article was included in Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture in 2022.HPLC of Formula: 105-87-3 This article mentions the following:

Volatiles are determinants of fruit aroma and flavor characteristics and also provide valuable information for lemon as ingredient for the food and drinks industry. Volatiles in ‘Eureka’ lemon and ‘Xiangshui’ lemon pulps from 130 to 186 days after flowering were enriched by headspace-solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME), and analyzed by gas chromatog.-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Seventy-seven volatiles of two lemon cultivars at the different ripening stages were identified and divided into six categories. Varieties and ripening stages had significant effects on individual volatiles in each category. The proportion of monoterpenes was found to be higher in ‘Eureka’ lemon, while ‘Xiangshui’ lemon had a higher proportion of sesquiterpenes, aldehydes and alcs. The proportion of monoterpene fluctuation decreased during fruit ripening, while fluctuation of sesquiterpenes, alcs., aldehydes and esters increased. Among the hydrocarbons, monoterpenes decreased their relative abundance from 91.67% to 81.04% in ‘Eureka’ lemon, and from 83.01% to 60.04% in ‘Xiangshui’ lemon; conversely, sesquiterpenes increased from 0.73% to 2.89% in ‘Eureka’ lemon, and from 3.21% to 8.48% in ‘Xiangshui’ lemon. Among the oxygenated volatiles, the proportions of alcs., aldehydes and esters were higher at 186 days after flowering in both two cultivars. The volatile organic compounds during fruit ripening of lemon varieties with different resistance were elucidated. The proportion of oxygenated volatiles increased during fruit ripening, and disease-resistant varieties had a higher proportion. These results provided important theor. support for the utilization of lemon fruits and the innovation of disease-resistant germplasm resources. 2021 Society of Chem. Industry. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (E)-3,7-Dimethylocta-2,6-dien-1-yl acetate (cas: 105-87-3HPLC of Formula: 105-87-3).

(E)-3,7-Dimethylocta-2,6-dien-1-yl acetate (cas: 105-87-3) belongs to esters. Esters are also usually derived from carboxylic acids. It may also be obtained by reaction of acid anhydride or acid halides with alcohols or by the reaction of salts of carboxylic acids with alkyl halides. Esters contain a carbonyl center, which gives rise to 120° C–C–O and O–C–O angles. Unlike amides, esters are structurally flexible functional groups because rotation about the C–O–C bonds has a low barrier. Their flexibility and low polarity is manifested in their physical properties; they tend to be less rigid (lower melting point) and more volatile (lower boiling point) than the corresponding amides. HPLC of Formula: 105-87-3

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Synthesis of new Fe(II) and Ru(II) η⁵-monocyclopentadienyl compounds showing significant second order NLO properties was written by Valente, Andreia;Royer, Sophie;Narendra, Milan;Silva, Tiago J. L.;Mendes, Paulo J. G.;Robalo, M. Paula;Abreu, Manuel;Heck, Jurgen;Garcia, M. Helena. And the article was included in Journal of Organometallic Chemistry in 2013.Electric Literature of C8H4N2O This article mentions the following:

A series of new ruthenium(II) complexes of the general formula [Ru(η⁵-C₅H₅)(PP)(L)][PF₆] (PP = DPPE or 2PPh₃, L = 4-butoxybenzonitrile or N-(3-cyanophenyl)formamide) and the binuclear iron(II) complex [Fe(η⁵-C₅H₅)(PP)(μ-L)(PP)(η⁵-C₅H₅)Fe][PF₆]₂ (L = (E)-2-(3-(4-nitrophenyl)allylidene)malononitrile, that has been also newly synthesized) have been prepared and studied to evaluate their potential in the second harmonic generation property. All the new compounds were fully characterized by NMR, IR and UV-Vis spectroscopies and their electrochem. behavior was studied by cyclic voltammetry. Quadratic hyperpolarizabilities (β) of three of the complexes have been determined by hyper-Rayleigh scattering (HRS) measurements at fundamental wavelength of 1500 nm and the calculated static β₀ values are found to fall in the range 65-212 × 10^-30 esu. Compound presenting β₀ = 212 × 10^-30 esu has revealed to be 1.2 times more efficient than urea standard in the second harmonic generation (SHG) property, measured in the solid state by Kurtz powder technique, using a Nd:YAG laser (1064 nm). In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-Cyanophenylisocyanate (cas: 16413-26-6Electric Literature of C8H4N2O).

3-Cyanophenylisocyanate (cas: 16413-26-6) belongs to esters. Esters perform as high-grade solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers, and are one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market. Polyesters are important plastics, with monomers linked by ester moieties. Esterification is the general name for a chemical reaction in which two reactants (typically an alcohol and an acid) form an ester as the reaction product. Esters are common in organic chemistry and biological materials.Electric Literature of C8H4N2O

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Characterisation of the convective hot-air drying and vacuum microwave drying of Cassia alata: antioxidant activity, essential oil volatile composition and quality studies was written by Chua, Lisa Yen Wen;Chua, Bee Lin;Figiel, Adam;Chong, Chien Hwa;Wojdylo, Aneta;Szumny, Antoni;Lech, Krzysztof. And the article was included in Molecules in 2019.Related Products of 118-61-6 This article mentions the following:

The preservation of active constituents in Cassia alata through the removal of moisture is crucial in producing a final product with high antioxidant activity. This study aims to determine the influences of various drying methods and drying conditions on the antioxidant activity, volatiles and phytosterols content of C. alata. The drying methods used were convective drying (CD) at 40 °C, 50 °C and 60 °C; freeze drying; vacuum microwave drying (VMD) at 6, 9 and 12 W/g; and two-stage convective pre-drying followed by vacuum microwave finish drying (CPD-VMFD) at 50 °C and 9 W/g. The drying kinetics of C. alata are best described by the thin-layer model (modified Page model). The highest antioxidant activity, TPC and volatile concentration were achieved with CD at 40 °C. GC-MS anal. identified the presence of 51 volatiles, which were mostly present in all samples but with quant. variation. The dominant volatiles in fresh C. alata are 2-hexenal (60.28 mg 100 g-1 db), 1-hexanol (18.70 mg 100 g-1 db) and salicylic acid (15.05 mg 100 g-1 db). The concentration of phytosterols in fresh sample was 3647.48 mg 100 g-1 db, and the major phytosterols present in fresh and dried samples were β-sitosterol (1162.24 mg 100 g-1 db). CPD-VMFD was effective in ensuring the preservation of higher phytosterol content in comparison with CD at 50 °C. The final recommendation of a suitable drying method to dehydrate C. alata leaves is CD at 40 °C. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Ethyl 2-hydroxybenzoate (cas: 118-61-6Related Products of 118-61-6).

Ethyl 2-hydroxybenzoate (cas: 118-61-6) belongs to esters. Esters typically have a pleasant smell; those of low molecular weight are commonly used as fragrances and are found in essential oils and pheromones. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides alcoholysis is another way to produce esters. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with alcohols to produce esters. Anydrous conditions are recommended since both acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with water.Related Products of 118-61-6

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Enantiomeric Separation on a Homochiral Porous Organic Cage-Based Chiral Stationary Phase by Gas Chromatography was written by Li, Hong-Xing;Xie, Tian-Peng;Xie, Sheng-Ming;Wang, Bang-Jin;Zhang, Jun-Hui;Yuan, Li-Ming. And the article was included in Chromatographia in 2020.Application of 695-06-7 This article mentions the following:

Porous organic cages (POCs) are an emerging class of porous mol. materials which self-assembled by discrete, shape-persistent, cage-like mols. and have recently received intensive interest in diverse fields. In this work, a hydroxyl-functionalized homochiral POC was synthesized by [4 + 6] condensation of 2-hydroxy-1,3,5-triformylbenzene with (1R, 2R)-diaminocyclohexane and coated on a capillary column for gas chromatog. (GC) separations Forty-one pairs of enantiomers belonging to various classes have been resolved on the column, including alcs., diols, esters, lactones, halohydrocarbons, ethers, epoxides, ketones and sulfoxides. Compared with β-cyclodextrin derivative-based com. β-DEX 120 column, previously reported chiral POCs- (CC9 and CC10) based columns, there are 12, 27 and 19 pairs of studied enantiomers cannot be resolved on β-DEX 120 column, CC9 column and CC10 column, resp. Besides, both separation factors and resolution values of some racemates are higher on this column than those on β-DEX 120 column, CC9 column and CC10 column. The results demonstrate that the column exhibits good chiral recognition complementarity or superior chiral resolution capability to those columns which used for comparison, and the introduction of hydroxyl group enhances hydrogen-bonding interaction to some racemates, leading to better enantioselectivity. The column also shows excellent separation performance toward positional isomers of dichlorobenzene, dibromobenzene, nitrotoluene, chlorotoluene, nitrobromobenzene and nitrochlorobenzene. The retention time and selectivity of analytes have no significant changes after more than 500 injections and 260°C conditioned for 6 h, showing the good repeatability and thermal stability of the column. This work indicates the promising prospect of POCs for GC separation, especially for the separation of enantiomers and also demonstrates the significance of design and synthesis of more functionalized chiral POCs for GC enantioseparation that broaden the enantiomer separation scope and applicability of POCs-based columns through their chiral recognition complementarities. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 5-Ethyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one (cas: 695-06-7Application of 695-06-7).

5-Ethyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one (cas: 695-06-7) belongs to esters. Esters perform as high-grade solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers, and are one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market. Polyesters are important plastics, with monomers linked by ester moieties. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides alcoholysis is another way to produce esters. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with alcohols to produce esters. Anydrous conditions are recommended since both acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with water.Application of 695-06-7

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Citrus peel waste essential oil: Chemical composition along with anti-amylase and anti-glucosidase potential was written by Heydari Koochi, Zhila;Jahromi, Kourosh Ghodrat;Kavoosi, Gholamreza;Babaei, Sedigheh. And the article was included in International Journal of Food Science and Technology in 2022.Safety of (E)-3,7-Dimethylocta-2,6-dien-1-yl acetate This article mentions the following:

The most common waste in citrus processing is their skin, which contains high amounts of essential oil. The antioxidant, anti-glucosidase, and anti-amylase properties of essential oils extracted from fresh bitter orange, lime, lemon, pomelo, grapefruit, mandarin, and sweet orange peels were examined Linalool (18.26%-29.08%), limonene (17.08%-22.44%), linalool acetate (17.17%-30.47%), α-terpineol (6.08%-11.06%), geraniol (2.05%-6.30%), β-ocimene (1.52%-5.02%), nerolidol (2.93%-4.00%), β-pinene (2.71%-3.29%), farnesol (2.08%-2.97%), and geranyl acetate (1.89%-2.80%) were found to be the primary components of citrus peel essential oil. Citrus peel essential oil displayed a good antioxidant capacity ranging from 375 to 643 mg Trolox equivalent/g. Citrus peel essential oils strongly inhibit amylase (520 to 738 mg acarbose equivalent/g) and glucosidase (475 to 780 mg acarbose equivalent/g). According to kinetic anal., fluorescence quenching, and UV absorption, citrus peel essential oils inhibit amylase and glucosidase with a mixed competitive, non-competitive, and uncompetitive manner. Some citrus varieties have long been used to treat diabetes and obesity. While citrus fruits are consumed worldwide, the citrus peel is typically discarded; hence, using the citrus peel in the culinary and medical industries might have a pos. economic impact on managing diabetes. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (E)-3,7-Dimethylocta-2,6-dien-1-yl acetate (cas: 105-87-3Safety of (E)-3,7-Dimethylocta-2,6-dien-1-yl acetate).

(E)-3,7-Dimethylocta-2,6-dien-1-yl acetate (cas: 105-87-3) belongs to esters. Carboxylic acid esters of low molecular weight are colourless, volatile liquids with pleasant odours, slightly soluble in water. Cyclic esters are called lactones, regardless of whether they are derived from an organic or inorganic acid. One example of an organic lactone is γ-valerolactone.Safety of (E)-3,7-Dimethylocta-2,6-dien-1-yl acetate

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Exploration of Antifungal and Immunomodulatory Potentials of a Furanone Derivative to Rescue Disseminated Cryptococosis in Mice was written by Rathore, Sudarshan Singh;Isravel, Muthukrishnan;Vellaisamy, Sridharan;Chellappan, David Raj;Cheepurupalli, Lalitha;Raman, Thiagarajan;Ramakrishnan, Jayapradha. And the article was included in Scientific Reports in 2017.Quality Control of Diethyl 2-(prop-2-yn-1-yl)malonate This article mentions the following:

Cryptococcus neoformans infection is quite complex with both host-pathogen interaction and host immune profile determining disease progress and therapeutic outcome. Hence in the present study, the potential utility of (E)-5-benzylidenedihydrofuran-2(3 H)-one (compound-6) was explored as an effective anticryptococcal compound with immunomodulatory potential. The efficacy of compound-6 in pulmonary cryptococosis model using H99 strain was investigated. The ED was found to provide 100% survival, with a significant reduction of yeast burden in lungs and brain. The biodistribution anal. provided evidence for the presence of higher concentration of compound-6 in major organs including lungs and brain. In addition, compound-6 treated mice had significantly higher expression of IL-6, IL-4 and IFN- gamma in lung and brain. Similarly, elevated expression of TNF-a, IL-beta1 and IL-12 were observed in lungs, suggesting the protective host response against C. neoformans. The reduction and clearance of fungal load in systemic organs and mouse survival are notable results to confirm the ability of compound-6 to treat cryptococcosis. In conclusion, the low mol. weight (174 Da), lipophilicity, its ability to cross blood brain barrier, and facilitating modulation of cytokine expression are the added advantages of compound-6 to combat against disseminated cryptococosis. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Diethyl 2-(prop-2-yn-1-yl)malonate (cas: 17920-23-9Quality Control of Diethyl 2-(prop-2-yn-1-yl)malonate).

Diethyl 2-(prop-2-yn-1-yl)malonate (cas: 17920-23-9) belongs to esters. Esters perform as high-grade solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers, and are one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market. Because of their lack of hydrogen-bond-donating ability, esters do not self-associate. Consequently, esters are more volatile than carboxylic acids of similar molecular weight.Quality Control of Diethyl 2-(prop-2-yn-1-yl)malonate

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Producing beef flavors in hydrolyzed soybean meal-based Maillard reaction products participated with beef tallow hydrolysates was written by Ye, Yongkang;Ye, Shuangshuang;Wanyan, Zhangxiang;Ping, Hao;Xu, Zixun;He, Shudong;Cao, Xiaodong;Chen, Xiangyang;Hu, Wanwan;Wei, Zhaojun. And the article was included in Food Chemistry in 2022.Electric Literature of C10H18O2 This article mentions the following:

This work investigated the effect of oxidized beef tallow on the volatile compositions and sensory properties of soybean meal-based Maillard reaction products (MRPs). Various tallow oxidation methods included thermal treatment (TT), enzymic hydrolysis (ET) and enzymic hydrolysis combined with mild thermal (ETT) treatment. Results showed that all these oxidized tallow contained more types of volatile compounds than those of untreated tallow. Moreover, the composition of almost all types of volatile substances was greatly increased with the addition of the oxidized beef tallow into the hydrolyzed soybean meal-based Maillard reaction system. More importantly, the composition of oxygen-containing heterocycles (63.89 μg/mL), sulfur-containing compounds (76.64 μg/mL), and nitrogen-containing heterocycles (19.81 μg/mL) that contribute pos. to sensory properties in ETT-MRPs was found to be the highest among all the MRPs. Correlation assessment revealed that ETT was closely related to the most typical volatile products and sensory attributes, indicating this approach can effectively enhance the sensory and flavor of hydrolyzed soybean meal derived MRPs. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 5-Hexyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one (cas: 706-14-9Electric Literature of C10H18O2).

5-Hexyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one (cas: 706-14-9) belongs to esters. Volatile esters with characteristic odours are used in synthetic flavours, perfumes, and cosmetics. Certain volatile esters are used as solvents for lacquers, paints, and varnishes. Esters contain a carbonyl center, which gives rise to 120° C–C–O and O–C–O angles. Unlike amides, esters are structurally flexible functional groups because rotation about the C–O–C bonds has a low barrier. Their flexibility and low polarity is manifested in their physical properties; they tend to be less rigid (lower melting point) and more volatile (lower boiling point) than the corresponding amides. Electric Literature of C10H18O2

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Anti-inflammatory effect of essential oil from Amomum Tsaoko Crevost et Lemarie was written by Liao, Liangkun;Yang, Shengtao;Li, Ruyi;Zhou, Wei;Xiao, Yu;Yuan, Yuan;Cha, Yunsheng;He, Guifang;Li, Jihua. And the article was included in Journal of Functional Foods in 2022.SDS of cas: 105-87-3 This article mentions the following:

Amomum Tsaoko Crevost et Lemarie is a kind of spices and traditional Chinese medicines with great com. value. Traditional treatment often uses essential oils from Amomum Tsaoko in aromatherapy. In this study, researchers analyzed the composition of steam-distilled essential oil from Amomum tsaoko (ATEO) and evaluated its potential antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity. GC-MS identified a total of 33 volatile compounds, the majority of which were alc. (1,8-cineole and nerol) and aldehyde ((2E)-2-decenal) compounds Addnl., ATEO showed great anti-inflammatory activity in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages. ATEO markedly inhibited the nitric oxide (NO) release, and decreased the expression level of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, ATEO significantly reduced the expression of iNOS, COX-2, NF-κB p-p65 and p-ERK. These results suggested that ATEO has great anti-inflammatory activity in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells, which will facilitate the development of ATEO as a functional food. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (E)-3,7-Dimethylocta-2,6-dien-1-yl acetate (cas: 105-87-3SDS of cas: 105-87-3).

(E)-3,7-Dimethylocta-2,6-dien-1-yl acetate (cas: 105-87-3) belongs to esters. Carboxylic acid esters of low molecular weight are colourless, volatile liquids with pleasant odours, slightly soluble in water. Esterification is the general name for a chemical reaction in which two reactants (typically an alcohol and an acid) form an ester as the reaction product. Esters are common in organic chemistry and biological materials.SDS of cas: 105-87-3

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Exploring in vitro to in vivo extrapolation for exposure and health impacts of e-cigarette flavor mixtures was written by Chang, Xiaoqing;Abedini, Jaleh;Bell, Shannon;Lee, K. Monica. And the article was included in Toxicology In Vitro in 2021.Synthetic Route of C10H18O2 This article mentions the following:

In vitro to in vivo extrapolation (IVIVE) leverages in vitro biol. activities to predict corresponding in vivo exposures, therefore potentially reducing the need for animal safety testing that are traditionally performed to support the hazard and risk assessment. Interpretation of IVIVE predictions are affected by various factors including the model type, exposure route and kinetic assumptions for the test article, and choice of in vitro assay(s) that are relevant to clin. outcomes. Exposure scenarios are further complicated for mixtures where the in vitro activity may stem from one or more components in the mixture In this study, we used electronic cigarette (EC) aerosols, a complex mixture, to explore impacts of these factors on the use of IVIVE in hazard identification, using open-source pharmacokinetic models of varying complexity and publicly available data. Results suggest in vitro assay selection has a greater impact on exposure estimates than modeling approaches. Using cytotoxicity assays, high exposure estimates (>1000 EC cartridges (pods) or > 700 mL EC liquid per day) would be needed to obtain the in vivo plasma levels that are corresponding to in vitro assay data, suggesting acute toxicity would be unlikely in typical usage scenarios. When mechanistic (Tox21) assays were used, the exposure estimates were much lower for the low end, but the range of exposure estimate became wider across modeling approaches. These proof-of-concept results highlight challenges and complexities in IVIVE for mixtures In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 5-Hexyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one (cas: 706-14-9Synthetic Route of C10H18O2).

5-Hexyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one (cas: 706-14-9) belongs to esters. Esters perform as high-grade solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers, and are one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market. Polyesters are important plastics, with monomers linked by ester moieties. Esters contain a carbonyl center, which gives rise to 120° C–C–O and O–C–O angles. Unlike amides, esters are structurally flexible functional groups because rotation about the C–O–C bonds has a low barrier. Their flexibility and low polarity is manifested in their physical properties; they tend to be less rigid (lower melting point) and more volatile (lower boiling point) than the corresponding amides. Synthetic Route of C10H18O2

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics