Tag: 100-200

Revealing compositional attributes of Glossostemon bruguieri Desf. root geographic origin and roasting impact via chemometric modeling of SPME-GC-MS and NMR metabolite profiles was written by Farag, Mohamed A.;Afifi, Sherif M.;Rasheed, Dalia M.;Khattab, Amira R.. And the article was included in Journal of Food Composition and Analysis in 2021.Quality Control of 5-Ethyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one This article mentions the following:

Glossostemon bruguieri Desf. (Moghat, Sterculiaceae), is a shrub well-known for its thick long-tapering dark colored roots, grown in the Middle East and North Africa. Studies on Glossostemon have focused on its nutritive value and health benefits attributed to its phenolic content with no extensive anal. of secondary metabolome. NMR metabolite fingerprinting of 12 G. bruguieri root specimens of different origins using 1D and 2D experiments identified 12 major primary and secondary metabolites. Orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant anal. (OPLS-DA) of NMR aromatic regions was competent in discriminating between roots origin based on moghatin and pinoresinol levels. Quantification of ¹H NMR spectra revealed enrichment of Siwa specimens in sugars i.e., sucrose and inositol (17.89 and 12.06μg/mg, resp.), as well as some secondary metabolites viz. moghatin, pinoresinol, takakin and fraxetin (7.73, 4.55, 3.81 and 3.03μg/mg, resp.), posing it for future incorporation in nutraceuticals. However, much less is known regarding aroma and roasting impact on root chem. composition Volatile profiles of 15 unroasted and roasted specimens were analyzed using headspace solid-phase microextraction coupled to mass spectrometry. 100 Volatile constituents were identified dominated by aldehydes, ethers and mono- and sesquiterpenes, whereas esters were abundant in roasted roots. OPLS-DA identified 2-ethyl-6-methylpyrazine and 5-methyl-2-furfural as roasting descriptors. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 5-Ethyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one (cas: 695-06-7Quality Control of 5-Ethyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one).

5-Ethyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one (cas: 695-06-7) belongs to esters. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits, including apples, durians, pears, bananas, pineapples, and strawberries. Esterification is the general name for a chemical reaction in which two reactants (typically an alcohol and an acid) form an ester as the reaction product. Esters are common in organic chemistry and biological materials.Quality Control of 5-Ethyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

A comparative study of volatile flavor components in four types of zaoyu using comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography in combination with time-of-flight mass spectrometry was written by Chen, Zhipeng;Tang, Haiqing;Ou, Changrong;Xie, Cheng;Cao, Jinxuan;Zhang, Xin. And the article was included in Journal of Food Processing and Preservation in 2021.Product Details of 695-06-7 This article mentions the following:

Volatiles of four zaoyu (Chinese traditional fermented fish) products prepared from different species of marine fish were analyzed by headspace solid-phase micro-extraction (HS-SPME) and comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatog. in combination with time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC × GC/TOFMS). First, a 50/30Μ m DVB/CAR/PDMS was used and the influence of several parameters on the efficiency of HS-SPME such as extraction temperature, time, salting-out effect, and stirring were optimized, odor activity values (OAVs) of volatile compounds were computed based on the threshold values of aroma constituents; the characteristic volatiles and their odor characteristics of the four zaoyu were investigated. The results demonstrated that the most effective extraction of the analytes was obtained with a 40 min extraction at 50°C with the addition of 20% NaCl and stirring at 300 r/min. Under these conditions, a total of 288 volatile components were tentatively identified based on mass spectra and comparison of linear retention indexes in the four zaoyu products. Authenticated compounds included aldehydes, esters, alcs., ketones, furans, lactones, nitrogen compounds, sulfur compounds, terpenes, phenols, etc. Among the identified types of volatile compounds, the number of esters is the largest, whereas the content of aldehydes is the highest. The results of OAVs comparisons proved that both aldehydes and esters provided the most significant contribution to the aromas of zaoyu, and each zaoyu product had its own unique active flavor components. Moreover, the OAVs of active flavor compounds common to the four examined zaoyu varied significantly. Our results substantiated that GC × GC/TOFMS could provide a robust tech. means to understand the flavor characteristics of zaoyu and allow us to better evaluate and improve the flavor quality of the products with complex food matrix like zaoyu. The method present in this research is suitable to characterize the volatile constituents of aquatic products, and could also be used for component characterization of similar complex samples such as fermented fish and foods. Understanding the key aroma compounds of fermented fish and its formation mechanism could provide a guide of process optimization and flavor regulation, contributing to further studies related to volatile compounds in the field of food flavor anal. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 5-Ethyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one (cas: 695-06-7Product Details of 695-06-7).

5-Ethyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one (cas: 695-06-7) belongs to esters. Carboxylic acid esters of low molecular weight are colourless, volatile liquids with pleasant odours, slightly soluble in water. Esters are more polar than ethers but less polar than alcohols. They participate in hydrogen bonds as hydrogen-bond acceptors, but cannot act as hydrogen-bond donors, unlike their parent alcohols. This ability to participate in hydrogen bonding confers some water-solubility.Product Details of 695-06-7

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Palladium-Catalyzed Carbonylative Direct Transformation of Benzyl Amines under Additive-Free Conditions was written by Li, Yahui;Wang, Zechao;Wu, Xiao-Feng. And the article was included in ACS Catalysis in 2018.Electric Literature of C7H8O2S This article mentions the following:

In this communication, authors developed a new procedure for the direct carbonylative transformation of benzyl amines. Using di-Me carbonate as the solvent, Me 2-arylacetates can be produced in good to excellent yields from the corresponding primary, secondary, and tertiary benzyl amines with palladium as the catalyst. Notably, no base or any other additive is required here. In addition, the procedure can also be applied in the preparation of methylphenidate, which is a marketing drug and used in the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and narcolepsy. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Methyl 2-thienylacetate (cas: 19432-68-9Electric Literature of C7H8O2S).

Methyl 2-thienylacetate (cas: 19432-68-9) belongs to esters. Volatile esters with characteristic odours are used in synthetic flavours, perfumes, and cosmetics. Certain volatile esters are used as solvents for lacquers, paints, and varnishes. Many esters have the potential for conformational isomerism, but they tend to adopt an s-cis (or Z) conformation rather than the s-trans (or E) alternative, due to a combination of hyperconjugation and dipole minimization effects. The preference for the Z conformation is influenced by the nature of the substituents and solvent, if present. Lactones with small rings are restricted to the s-trans (i.e. E) conformation due to their cyclic structure.Electric Literature of C7H8O2S

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Diversity in principal constituents of plants with a lemony scent and the predominance of citral was written by Hirai, Miho;Ota, Yue;Ito, Michiho. And the article was included in Journal of Natural Medicines in 2022.SDS of cas: 105-87-3 This article mentions the following:

In this study, we extracted essential oils from four species of plants with lemony scents (Melissa officinalis L., Aloysia citriodora Palau (= Lippia citriodora (Palau) Kunth), Thymus x citriodorus, Perilla citriodora (Makino) Nakai). We then examined the components of extracts using gas chromatog. (GC) and GC-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). A comparison of components indicated that the largest proportions of essential oils were caryophyllene (25%) in M. officinalis, geraniol (50%) in T. citriodorus, and citral (61 and 82%) in A. citriodora and P. citriodora. Moreover, we used a sensory evaluation method using dilute aqueous solutions of extract components, citral, linalool, d-limonene, and geraniol, to select the mixture with a flavor that mostly resembled lemon. The participants in the study felt that an aqueous citral solution flavored more like lemon than aqueous d-limonene. Furthermore, an open field study of sedative effects of citral and d-limonene, when inhaled, on mice demonstrated that citral exhibited a sedative effect at a lower concentration than that of d-limonene. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (E)-3,7-Dimethylocta-2,6-dien-1-yl acetate (cas: 105-87-3SDS of cas: 105-87-3).

(E)-3,7-Dimethylocta-2,6-dien-1-yl acetate (cas: 105-87-3) belongs to esters. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides alcoholysis is another way to produce esters. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with alcohols to produce esters. Anydrous conditions are recommended since both acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with water.SDS of cas: 105-87-3

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

5-Unsubstituted 2-pyrrolecarboxaldehydes for porphyrin synthesis and the cyanovinyl protecting group was written by Paine, John B. III;Dolphin, David. And the article was included in Journal of Organic Chemistry in 1988.Recommanded Product: 2199-49-7 This article mentions the following:

(Cyanovinyl)pyrroles I (R = Me, R¹ = Et, octyl; R = Et, R¹ = Me) derived from the Knoevenagel condensation of benzyl 5-formyl-2-pyrrolecarboxylates with NCCH₂CO₂Me were employed in a facile sequence of 4 steps to produce, regioselectively, 2-pyrrolecarboxaldehydes II, important intermediates for porphyrin synthesis. Each step proceeded in 90-95% yield, making II available smoothly from benzyl 5-methyl-2-pyrrolecarboxylates in 7 steps, with an overall yield of 66-72%. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Ethyl 4-methyl-1H-pyrrole-3-carboxylate (cas: 2199-49-7Recommanded Product: 2199-49-7).

Ethyl 4-methyl-1H-pyrrole-3-carboxylate (cas: 2199-49-7) belongs to esters. Esters perform as high-grade solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers, and are one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market. Polyesters are important plastics, with monomers linked by ester moieties. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides alcoholysis is another way to produce esters. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with alcohols to produce esters. Anydrous conditions are recommended since both acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with water.Recommanded Product: 2199-49-7

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Synthesis and antibacterial activity of emodin and its derivatives against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus was written by Chalothorn, Thidarat;Rukachaisirikul, Vatcharin;Phongpaichit, Souwalak;Pannara, Sakawrat;Tansakul, Chittreeya. And the article was included in Tetrahedron Letters in 2019.Application In Synthesis of Methyl 2-methoxy-4-methylbenzoate This article mentions the following:

Synthesis of the antibacterial emodin (I) was improved using Friedel-Crafts acylation as a key step leading to 37% overall yield. In addition, 21 analogs were synthesized by structural modification of the hydroxyl and Me groups, as well as the aromatic ring of emodin. Antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and cytotoxicity against noncancerous Vero cells were evaluated. A structure-activity relationship (SAR) study indicated that the hydroxyl groups and the Me group in the emodin skeleton were crucial for anti-MRSA activity. Furthermore, the presence of an iodine atom or ethylamino group on the aromatic ring enhanced the anti-MRSA activity with higher selectivity indexes, while derivatives containing bromine, chlorine atoms or quaternary ammonium salt were as active as emodin. The quaternary ammonium group on the aromatic ring also led to non-cytotoxicity against Vero cells. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Methyl 2-methoxy-4-methylbenzoate (cas: 81245-24-1Application In Synthesis of Methyl 2-methoxy-4-methylbenzoate).

Methyl 2-methoxy-4-methylbenzoate (cas: 81245-24-1) belongs to esters. Esters typically have a pleasant smell; those of low molecular weight are commonly used as fragrances and are found in essential oils and pheromones. Esters are more polar than ethers but less polar than alcohols. They participate in hydrogen bonds as hydrogen-bond acceptors, but cannot act as hydrogen-bond donors, unlike their parent alcohols. This ability to participate in hydrogen bonding confers some water-solubility.Application In Synthesis of Methyl 2-methoxy-4-methylbenzoate

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Changes of apple fruit volatile profiles induced by fresh bruise at early stage was written by Chen, Qing;Qin, Wenhao;She, Mengqi;Chen, Siyu;Wang, Fang;Tan, Zuojun. And the article was included in Journal of Food and Nutrition Research (Bratislava, Slovakia) in 2021.Quality Control of Methyl2-methylbutyrate This article mentions the following:

Fresh bruise of apple is a major postharvest problem, which is easily ignored at early stage and can develop into more serious external bruise as the time goes on. In this study, we investigated changes of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) profile of apples with fresh bruise during 0-24 h. For this purpose, headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) combined with gas chromatog.-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used. A total of 43 aroma compounds were identified in apple, consisting of 8 carbonyl compounds, 23 esters, 5 alcs., 5 terpenes and 2 other compounds The data of VOCs were subjected to partial least squares discriminant anal., which showed that 12 h might be the optimum time for apple quality maintenance after fresh bruise. The content of VOCs in bruised tissues showed a significant increase, while they were basically unchanged in healthy tissues. The content of carbonyl compounds increased during 0-24 h, in particular C6 and C9 aldehydes. The content of (3E,6E)-3,7,11-trimethyldodeca-1,3,6,10-tetraene was increased. The results of this study may help top to understand the metabolic disorder and quality maintenance after fresh bruise in apple fruits. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Methyl2-methylbutyrate (cas: 868-57-5Quality Control of Methyl2-methylbutyrate).

Methyl2-methylbutyrate (cas: 868-57-5) belongs to esters. Volatile esters with characteristic odours are used in synthetic flavours, perfumes, and cosmetics. Certain volatile esters are used as solvents for lacquers, paints, and varnishes. Esters contain a carbonyl center, which gives rise to 120° C–C–O and O–C–O angles. Unlike amides, esters are structurally flexible functional groups because rotation about the C–O–C bonds has a low barrier. Their flexibility and low polarity is manifested in their physical properties; they tend to be less rigid (lower melting point) and more volatile (lower boiling point) than the corresponding amides. Quality Control of Methyl2-methylbutyrate

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Synthesis of azide-fluoro-dehydrocoelenterazine analog as a photoaffinity-labeling probe and photolysis of azide-fluoro-coelenterazine was written by Kuse, Masaki;Doi, Issei;Kondo, Nobuhiro;Kageyama, Yukari;Isobe, Minoru. And the article was included in Tetrahedron in 2005.SDS of cas: 587-88-2 This article mentions the following:

A photosensitive azide-fluoro-dehydrocoelenterazine analog (Az-F-DCT) was synthesized, starting from 4-fluorophenylacetic acid, as a photoaffinity-labeling probe to analyze symplectin active site. To examine the photo-reactivity of Az-F-DCT, azide-fluoro-coelenterazine analog (Az-F-CT) was used as a potent symplectin chromophore model. Photolysis of Az-F-CT in 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol afforded a nitrene intermediate to give an insertion product. The structure of this product was confirmed through spectroscopic analyses particularly by using a proton/deuterium (H/D) exchange experiment with ESI-Q-TOF-MS and -MS/MS measurement. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Ethyl 2-(4-fluorophenyl)acetate (cas: 587-88-2SDS of cas: 587-88-2).

Ethyl 2-(4-fluorophenyl)acetate (cas: 587-88-2) belongs to esters. Esters perform as high-grade solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers, and are one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides alcoholysis is another way to produce esters. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with alcohols to produce esters. Anydrous conditions are recommended since both acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with water.SDS of cas: 587-88-2

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Effect of microbial communities on the quality characteristics of northeast soybean paste: Correlation between microorganisms and metabolites was written by Yao, Di;Ma, Lixue;Wu, Mengna;Wang, Xiaoyu;Xu, Lei;Yu, Qiaoru;Wang, Changyuan. And the article was included in LWT–Food Science and Technology in 2022.Category: esters-buliding-blocks This article mentions the following:

To systematically explore the impact of microbial community composition on the quality characteristics of northeast soybean paste, the microbial community structure was determined by high-throughput sequencing technol. and the flavor substance, free amino acid (FAA) and biogenic amine (BA) contents were determined by HS-SPME-GC-MS and HPLC. Furthermore, the correlation between microorganisms and metabolites was investigated. The results indicated that the core bacteria mainly included Tetragenococcus, Bacillus and Lactobacillus; Candida_f__norank, Wickerhamomyces and Aspergillus were the dominant fungi. A total of 139 flavor compounds were detected in all samples, and decamethylcyclopentasiloxane, isoamyl phenylacetate and octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane accounted for the highest proportion. A total of 24 FAAs were detected in the soybean paste. Pantoea, Kroppenstedtia and Kocuria were significantly pos. correlated with most FAAs (p < 0.05). Addnl. 5 BAs were detected in the soybean paste, and the contents of BAs in Y4 were highest, which was affected by different microbes. This study provided relevant information for the microbial community composition and metabolites of northeast soybean paste, which was of great significance for understanding the characteristics and safety of soybean paste. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Methyl2-methylbutyrate (cas: 868-57-5Category: esters-buliding-blocks).

Methyl2-methylbutyrate (cas: 868-57-5) belongs to esters. Esters typically have a pleasant smell; those of low molecular weight are commonly used as fragrances and are found in essential oils and pheromones. Liquid esters of low volatility serve as softening agents for resins and plastics. Esters also include many industrially important polymers. Polymethyl methacrylate is a glass substitute sold under the names Lucite and Plexiglas; polyethylene terephthalate is used as a film (Mylar) and as textile fibres sold as Terylene, Fortrel, and Dacron.Category: esters-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Contents of some bioactive compounds in Norway spruce needles as affected by short-term storage at different conditions and implications for their industrial use was written by Sciukaite, Agne;Loziene, Kristina;Labokas, Juozas;Jurkoniene, Sigita. And the article was included in Industrial Crops and Products in 2022.COA of Formula: C12H20O2 This article mentions the following:

The main aim of the research was to evaluate changes in contents of essential oils and pigments in Norway spruce needles as affected by short-term storage under different conditions as well as to assess the potential resources of winter-harvested foliage obtainable from byproducts of forest felling as a natural source of these bioactives. One- and two-year-old needles were taken for the analyses fresh (control) and after five-week storage at three different conditions: at 4°C in fridge, at -24°C in freezer and in the forest of their origin. Essential oils were isolated from needles by hydrodistillation and analyzed by gas chromatog.-mass spectrometry. Analyses of chlorophylls and carotenoids were performed spectrophotometrically. The study showed that none of the tested storage conditions of P. abies needles had significant influence on the total amounts of essential oils in them varying from 0.16% to 0.20% per dry matter (v/w) in two- and one-year-old needles, resp. Bornyl acetate was the main compound identified in the essential oils amounting to 14.47-40.04%. The mean total contents of chlorophylls amounted to 1.10 mg/g in one-year-old needles and to 1.28 mg/g in two-year-old ones measured in fresh weight Statistically significant differences were established in the levels of all the pigments analyzed between fresh material, and stored under controlled, -24°C and 4°C, conditions both of 1-yr-old and 2-yr-old needles. The highest contents of the pigments were obtained after the storage at 4°C as well as under the natural forest condition. Based on the above data and the national forestry statistics, potential yields of essential oils (6.45 kg), total chlorophylls (9.27 kg) and total carotenoids (1.32 kg) were assessed per ha of a mature sprucewood stand in Lithuania. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (E)-3,7-Dimethylocta-2,6-dien-1-yl acetate (cas: 105-87-3COA of Formula: C12H20O2).

(E)-3,7-Dimethylocta-2,6-dien-1-yl acetate (cas: 105-87-3) belongs to esters. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits. Liquid esters of low volatility serve as softening agents for resins and plastics. Esters also include many industrially important polymers. Polymethyl methacrylate is a glass substitute sold under the names Lucite and Plexiglas; polyethylene terephthalate is used as a film (Mylar) and as textile fibres sold as Terylene, Fortrel, and Dacron.COA of Formula: C12H20O2

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics