Tag: 100-200

Encapsulation of hop (Humulus lupulus L.) essential oil for controlled release in the non-alcoholic beverage application was written by Su, Xueqian;Xu, Yixiang;Xu, Zhiyuan;Hurley, Ken;Feng, Yiming;Yin, Yun. And the article was included in Food Hydrocolloids in 2023.Product Details of 105-87-3 This article mentions the following:

In order to increase the stability of hop (Humulus lupulus L.) essential oil (HEO) and diversify its application into hot beverages, CAPSUL, modified food starch, was used as the wall material to encapsulate HEO at the mass ratio of 2:1 through spray drying under 180°C. The resultant microcapsules were applied to the non-alc. hop tea for the first time and their release kinetics in this matrix were analyzed by gas chromatog.-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Results showed that the reconstituted HEO emulsion possessed fine droplet size (3.295μm) and high zeta potential (-22.50 mV). The resultant HEO microcapsules exhibited low moisture content (1.249%), suitable bulk d. (0.2934 g/mL), good swelling capacity (2.235 g/g dry solids), low color difference (6.310), desirable morphol. characteristics, high encapsulation efficiency (92.02-95.45%) and high flavor retention (57.13-71.15%). Each target aroma compound had its specific release behavior and mechanism from HEO microcapsules, among which β-myrcene and Me octanoate showed the highest and lowest cumulative release resp. This might be associated with their different volatilities, polarities, function groups and mol. sizes, or their varying hydrogen-bond formation capability at the entrance of starch helix. Most importantly, HEO microcapsules showed significant aroma increasing and stabilizing effects on the hop tea product during storage. These ideal characteristics of HEO microcapsules demonstrated the great potential of diverse essential oil microcapsules as the promising flavoring agents in a variety of hot beverage matrixes. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (E)-3,7-Dimethylocta-2,6-dien-1-yl acetate (cas: 105-87-3Product Details of 105-87-3).

(E)-3,7-Dimethylocta-2,6-dien-1-yl acetate (cas: 105-87-3) belongs to esters. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits. Esters are more polar than ethers but less polar than alcohols. They participate in hydrogen bonds as hydrogen-bond acceptors, but cannot act as hydrogen-bond donors, unlike their parent alcohols. This ability to participate in hydrogen bonding confers some water-solubility.Product Details of 105-87-3

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Iron-Catalyzed Hydrosilylation of Esters was written by Bezier, David;Venkanna, Gopaladasu T.;Castro, Luis C. Misal;Zheng, Jianxia;Roisnel, Thierry;Sortais, Jean-Baptiste;Darcel, Christophe. And the article was included in Advanced Synthesis & Catalysis in 2012.COA of Formula: C7H8O2S This article mentions the following:

The first hydrosilylation of esters catalyzed by a well defined iron complex has been developed. Esters are converted to the corresponding alcs. at 100 °C, under solvent-free conditions and visible light activation. E.g., in presence of [CpFe(PCy3)(CO)₂]BF₄, hydrosilylation of 4-MeC₆H₄CH₂CO₂Me gave 70% 4-MeC₆H₄CH₂CH₂OH. PhSiH₃ was used as the reductant. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Methyl 2-thienylacetate (cas: 19432-68-9COA of Formula: C7H8O2S).

Methyl 2-thienylacetate (cas: 19432-68-9) belongs to esters. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits, including apples, durians, pears, bananas, pineapples, and strawberries. Esterification is the general name for a chemical reaction in which two reactants (typically an alcohol and an acid) form an ester as the reaction product. Esters are common in organic chemistry and biological materials.COA of Formula: C7H8O2S

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Floral volatile components and its release amount in different flowering stage of Xanthoceras sorbifolium Bunge was written by Hu, Yang;Li, Gangtie;Wang, Qianyu;Zhang, Ling;Li, Shanshan;Wang, Liangsheng;Wu, Zhiyan. And the article was included in Dongbei Linye Daxue Xuebao in 2021.Category: esters-buliding-blocks This article mentions the following:

The petals Xanthoceras sorbifolium bunge with white flower type without fragrance (W-N-1), white flower type with fragrance (W-Y-1, W-Y-2), safflower flower type without fragrance (R-N-1) and safflower flower type with fragrance (R-Y-1) were selected as test materials. Volatiles of the above materials were qual. and quant. detected with 3-octanol as an internal standard by HS-SPME-GC-MS. A total of 42 compounds were identified, and they were divided into 7 categories including 16 terpenoids, 9 alcs., 7 esters, 5 aldehydes, 3 alkanes, 1 ketones and 1 N-containing compounds The composition of aroma components and their relative contents of different types of X. sorbifolium at different flowering stages are quite different. The composition of aroma components of white flower type is richer than that of red flower type. The difference between scented and unscented X. sorbifolium is mainly the presence and absence of linalool. On the whole, alc. and terpene are the key components of flower fragrance, and the main component is linalool. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Ethyl 2-hydroxybenzoate (cas: 118-61-6Category: esters-buliding-blocks).

Ethyl 2-hydroxybenzoate (cas: 118-61-6) belongs to esters. Esters perform as high-grade solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers, and are one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market. Cyclic esters are called lactones, regardless of whether they are derived from an organic or inorganic acid. One example of an organic lactone is γ-valerolactone.Category: esters-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Post-storage changes of volatile compounds in air- and sun-dried raisins with different packaging materials using HS-SPME with GC/MS was written by Javed, Hafiz Umer;Wang, Dong;Wu, Guang-Feng;Kaleem, Qari Muhammad;Duan, Chang-Qing;Shi, Ying. And the article was included in Food Research International in 2019.Formula: C9H10O3 This article mentions the following:

Free- and bound-form volatiles in sun-dried raisins (SDRs) and air-dried raisins (ADRs) of ‘Thompson Seedless’ were analyzed by gas chromatog.-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) for 0, 3, 6, 9 and 12 mo of storage. The compounds originating from glycosidically bound (GB) volatiles were significantly more abundant in bound-form than their free-form. A total of 89 and 88 free-form compounds were identified in ADRs and SDRs, resp. Overall, higher concentration of unsaturated fatty-acid-oxidation (UFAO) and Maillard reaction (MR) compounds were observed in the SDRs. The plastic and woven bags have an insignificant effect on the volatiles in the raisins. The main characteristics of ADR aroma were floral and fruity, while fatty, roasted, and chem. aromas were prominent in SDRs. With the exception of chem. aroma, the aromatic series (fruity, floral, herbaceous and roasted) increased during the storage duration and become more compelling in 12 mo. The packaging materials have similar effect on aromatic series, except fruity note, which was higher in woven bag. The main floral and fruity aroma contributors were decanal, β-ionone, Et hexanoate, β-damascenone, and 1-octen-3-ol. Herein we identified UFAO and MR compounds as the main contributors of raisin aromas. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Ethyl 2-hydroxybenzoate (cas: 118-61-6Formula: C9H10O3).

Ethyl 2-hydroxybenzoate (cas: 118-61-6) belongs to esters. Volatile esters with characteristic odours are used in synthetic flavours, perfumes, and cosmetics. Certain volatile esters are used as solvents for lacquers, paints, and varnishes. Esters are more polar than ethers but less polar than alcohols. They participate in hydrogen bonds as hydrogen-bond acceptors, but cannot act as hydrogen-bond donors, unlike their parent alcohols. This ability to participate in hydrogen bonding confers some water-solubility.Formula: C9H10O3

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Synthesis of Cross-Conjugated Polyenes via Palladium-Catalyzed Oxidative C-C Bond Forming Cascade Reactions of Allenes was written by Naidu, Veluru Ramesh;Baeckvall, Jan-E.. And the article was included in Journal of Organic Chemistry in 2020.Application of 17920-23-9 This article mentions the following:

An efficient palladium-catalyzed oxidative C-C bond forming cascade reaction of allenes involving a coupling between an enallene and an allenyne followed by a carbocyclization of the generated Pd-intermediate was developed. This cascade reaction afforded functionalized cross-conjugated polyenes. The enallene is initially activated by palladium and reacts with the allenyne to give the cross-conjugated polyenes. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Diethyl 2-(prop-2-yn-1-yl)malonate (cas: 17920-23-9Application of 17920-23-9).

Diethyl 2-(prop-2-yn-1-yl)malonate (cas: 17920-23-9) belongs to esters. Esters perform as high-grade solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers, and are one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides alcoholysis is another way to produce esters. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with alcohols to produce esters. Anydrous conditions are recommended since both acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with water.Application of 17920-23-9

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Design, synthesis, and anti-proliferative evaluation of new quinazolin-4(3H)-ones as potential VEGFR-2 inhibitors was written by El-Adl, Khaled;El-Helby, Abdel-Ghany A.;Ayyad, Rezk R.;Mahdy, Hazem A.;Khalifa, Mohamed M.;Elnagar, Hamdy A.;Mehany, Ahmed B. M.;Metwaly, Ahmed M.;Elhendawy, Mostafa A.;Radwan, Mohamed M.;ElSohly, Mahmoud A.;Eissa, Ibrahim H.. And the article was included in Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry in 2021.Related Products of 118-61-6 This article mentions the following:

Inhibiting VEGFR-2 has been set up as a therapeutic strategy for treatment of cancer. Thus, nineteen new quinazoline-4(3H)-one derivatives were designed and synthesized. Preliminary cytotoxicity studies of the synthesized compounds were evaluated against three human cancer cell lines (HepG-2, MCF-7 and HCT-116) using MTT assay method. Doxorubicin and sorafenib were used as pos. controls. Five compounds were found to have promising cytotoxic activities against all cell lines. Compound 16f, containing a 2-chloro-5-nitrophenyl group, has emerged as the most active member. It was approx. 4.39-, 5.73- and 1.96-fold more active than doxorubicin and 3.88-, 5.59- and 1.84-fold more active than sorafenib against HepG2, HCT-116 and MCF-7 cells, resp. The most active cytotoxic agents were further evaluated in vitro for their VEGFR-2 inhibitory activities. The results of in vitro VEGFR-2 inhibition were consistent with that of the cytotoxicity data. Mol. docking of these compounds into the kinase domain, moreover, supported the results. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Ethyl 2-hydroxybenzoate (cas: 118-61-6Related Products of 118-61-6).

Ethyl 2-hydroxybenzoate (cas: 118-61-6) belongs to esters. Volatile esters with characteristic odours are used in synthetic flavours, perfumes, and cosmetics. Certain volatile esters are used as solvents for lacquers, paints, and varnishes. Esterification is the general name for a chemical reaction in which two reactants (typically an alcohol and an acid) form an ester as the reaction product. Esters are common in organic chemistry and biological materials.Related Products of 118-61-6

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Effect of “Late Harvest” of Hops (Humulus lupulus L.) on the Contents of Volatile Thiols in Furano Beauty, Furano Magical, and Cascade Varieties was written by Uemoto, Mitsuhiro;Takoi, Kiyoshi;Tanigawa, Atsushi;Takazumi, Koji;Ogushi, Kensuke;Koie, Koichiro;Suda, Narushi. And the article was included in Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry in 2022.COA of Formula: C12H20O2 This article mentions the following:

In recent years, many hop varieties with unique aromas, so-called “flavor hops”, have been bred and grown. Here, we investigated the effect of late-harvested hops using three flavor hop varieties; Furano Beauty, Furano Magical, and Cascade. The sample hops were harvested at different days after flowering (DAF): DAF 45 (normal harvest), DAF 65, DAF 75, and DAF 85. We measured the volatile thiols in sample cones. The results indicated that 4-methyl-4-sulfanylpentane-2-one contents showed almost no change or a slightly decrease with a delay in harvest, whereas 3-sulfanyl-4-methylpentan-1-ol (3S4MP) content in late-harvested samples increased several fold in comparison with normal-harvested samples. Addnl., 3S4MP contents in the beers brewed with DAF 65 samples were several times higher than those using DAF 45 ones. From these results, we propose a new method to control 3S4MP content in hop cones by changing its harvest date. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (E)-3,7-Dimethylocta-2,6-dien-1-yl acetate (cas: 105-87-3COA of Formula: C12H20O2).

(E)-3,7-Dimethylocta-2,6-dien-1-yl acetate (cas: 105-87-3) belongs to esters. Esters perform as high-grade solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers, and are one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market. Polyesters are important plastics, with monomers linked by ester moieties. Esters contain a carbonyl center, which gives rise to 120° C–C–O and O–C–O angles. Unlike amides, esters are structurally flexible functional groups because rotation about the C–O–C bonds has a low barrier. Their flexibility and low polarity is manifested in their physical properties; they tend to be less rigid (lower melting point) and more volatile (lower boiling point) than the corresponding amides. COA of Formula: C12H20O2

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Cyclization during the dehydrohalogenation of perfluoroalkyl-substituted iodoalkylmalonates. Thermal rearrangement of the derived 2-(perfluoroalkyl)methylcyclopropane-1,1-dicarboxylates was written by Brace, Neal O.. And the article was included in Journal of Organic Chemistry in 1975.Reference of 17920-23-9 This article mentions the following:

Addnl. data considered in abstracting and indexing are available from a source cited in the original document. Perfluoroalkylmalonates, RCH2CHICH2CH(CO2Et)2 [R= (CF3)2CF, CF3(CF2)n, n= 2,3,5] cyclized with NaOH in aqueous and nonaqueous systems to give cyclopropanedicarboxylic acids and esters (I; R= same as above; R1= H, Et) in excellent yields. I [R= CF3(CF2)n, n= 2,3; R1= Et] rearranged thermally at 225-240° by a sigmatropic, 1,5-H shift to the corresponding RCH:CHCH2CH(CO2Et)2. I [R= CF3(CF2)n, n= 2,3; R1= H] decarboxylated and rearranged at 145-200° to a mixture of RCH:CHCH2CH2CO2H (II; R same as above) and cis- and trans-III (R same as above). At reduced CO2 pressure rearrangement was almost completely suppressed in favor of decarboxylation to III. Cis-III, but not trans-III slowly isomerized at a higher temperature to II. A concerted rearrangement and decarboxylation of I (R same as above; R1= H) facilitated by both opening of the strained ring and release of CO2, was suggested. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Diethyl 2-(prop-2-yn-1-yl)malonate (cas: 17920-23-9Reference of 17920-23-9).

Diethyl 2-(prop-2-yn-1-yl)malonate (cas: 17920-23-9) belongs to esters. Esters typically have a pleasant smell; those of low molecular weight are commonly used as fragrances and are found in essential oils and pheromones. Esterification is the general name for a chemical reaction in which two reactants (typically an alcohol and an acid) form an ester as the reaction product. Esters are common in organic chemistry and biological materials.Reference of 17920-23-9

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Identification of Cytotoxic Flavor Chemicals in Top-Selling Electronic Cigarette Refill Fluids was written by Hua, My;Omaiye, Esther E.;Luo, Wentai;McWhirter, Kevin J.;Pankow, James F.;Talbot, Prue. And the article was included in Scientific Reports in 2019.Reference of 118-61-6 This article mentions the following:

We identified the most popular electronic cigarette (EC) refill fluids using an Internet survey and local and online sales information, quantified their flavor chems., and evaluated cytotoxicities of the fluids and flavor chems. “Berries/Fruits/Citrus” was the most popular EC refill fluid flavor category. Twenty popular EC refill fluids were purchased from local shops, and the ingredient flavor chems. were identified and quantified by gas chromatog.-mass spectrometry. Total flavor chem. concentrations ranged from 0.6 to 27.9 mg/mL, and in 95% of the fluids, total flavor concentration was greater than nicotine concentration The 20 most popular refill fluids contained 99 quantifiable flavor chems.; each refill fluid contained 22 to 47 flavor chems., most being esters. Some chems. were found frequently, and several were present in most products. At a 1% concentration, 80% of the refill fluids were cytotoxic in the MTT assay. Six pure standards of the flavor chems. found at the highest concentrations in the two most cytotoxic refill fluids were effective in the MTT assay, and ethyl maltol, which was in over 50% of the products, was the most cytotoxic. These data show that the cytotoxicity of some popular refill fluids can be attributed to their high concentrations of flavor chems. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Ethyl 2-hydroxybenzoate (cas: 118-61-6Reference of 118-61-6).

Ethyl 2-hydroxybenzoate (cas: 118-61-6) belongs to esters. Esters typically have a pleasant smell; those of low molecular weight are commonly used as fragrances and are found in essential oils and pheromones. Esters contain a carbonyl center, which gives rise to 120° C–C–O and O–C–O angles. Unlike amides, esters are structurally flexible functional groups because rotation about the C–O–C bonds has a low barrier. Their flexibility and low polarity is manifested in their physical properties; they tend to be less rigid (lower melting point) and more volatile (lower boiling point) than the corresponding amides. Reference of 118-61-6

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Synthesis and evaluation of the anticoccidial activity of trifluoropyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidin-2-one derivatives was written by Silpa, Laurence;Niepceron, Alisson;Laurent, Fabrice;Brossier, Fabien;Penichon, Melanie;Enguehard-Gueiffier, Cecile;Abarbri, Mohamed;Silvestre, Anne;Petrignet, Julien. And the article was included in Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters in 2016.Formula: C7H8N2O2 This article mentions the following:

Trifluoromethylpyridopyrimidinones such as I (R = H, Br, Cl, I, Ph, 4-MeOC₆H₄, 4-FC₆H₄; R¹ = H, Cl, I; R² = H, Br, I, O₂N, MeO₂C, NC, Me, Ph, 4-MeOC₆H₄, 4-FC₆H₄) were prepared by cyclocondensation reactions of aminopyridines with Et 4,4,4-trifluoro-2-butynoate and tested for their anticoccidial activity (the inhibition of bovine kidney cell invasion by Eimeria tenella). The in vitro anticoccidial activities and toxicities to bovine kidney cells of I (R = Cl, Br, I; R¹ = H, Cl, I; R² = H, Br) were determined Screening of a chem. library to discover new mols. exhibiting in vitro activity against the invasion of host cells by Eimeria tenella yielded the lead compound I (R = I; R¹ = H; R² = Br) with an IC₅₀ of 15 μM. Four compounds I (R = Cl, Br, I; R¹ = H, Cl, I; R² = H, Br) inhibited Eimeria tenella invasion with IC₅₀ values of 0.8-3.8 μM, better than the initial lead compound In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Methyl 2-aminonicotinate (cas: 14667-47-1Formula: C7H8N2O2).

Methyl 2-aminonicotinate (cas: 14667-47-1) belongs to esters. Carboxylic acid esters of low molecular weight are colourless, volatile liquids with pleasant odours, slightly soluble in water. Esterification is the general name for a chemical reaction in which two reactants (typically an alcohol and an acid) form an ester as the reaction product. Esters are common in organic chemistry and biological materials.Formula: C7H8N2O2

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics