Tag: 100-200

Safety of Benzyl acrylateIn 2020 ,《Sila- and Germacarboxylic Acids: Precursors for the Corresponding Silyl and Germyl Radicals》 was published in Angewandte Chemie, International Edition. The article was written by Xu, Ning-Xin; Li, Bi-Xiao; Wang, Chao; Uchiyama, Masanobu. The article contains the following contents:

Silicon-containing compounds are widely used as synthetic building blocks, functional materials, and bioactive reagents. In particular, silyl radicals are important intermediates for the synthesis and transformation of organosilicon compounds Herein, we describe the first protocol for the generation of silyl radicals by photoinduced decarboxylation of silacarboxylic acids, which can be easily prepared in high yield on a gram scale and are very stable to air and moisture. Irradiation of silacarboxylic acids with blue LEDs (455 nm) in the presence of a com. available photocatalyst releases silyl radicals, which can further react with various alkenes to give the corresponding silylated products in good-to-high yields with broad functional-group compatibility. This reaction proceeds in the presence of water, enabling efficient deuterosilylation of alkenes with D2O as the deuterium source. Germyl radicals were similarly obtained. After reading the article, we found that the author used Benzyl acrylate(cas: 2495-35-4Safety of Benzyl acrylate)

Benzyl acrylate(cas: 2495-35-4) is a reagent that can be used in the preparation of 2-(Phosphonomethyl)pentanedioic Acid, a selective glutamate carboxypeptidase 2 (GCP-II) inhibitor. It can also be used in the preparation of high refractive index polyacrylates.Safety of Benzyl acrylate

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Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Reference of Methyl 4-fluoro-3-nitrobenzoateIn 2015 ,《Selective Selenol Fluorescent Probes: Design, Synthesis, Structural Determinants, and Biological Applications》 was published in Journal of the American Chemical Society. The article was written by Zhang, Baoxin; Ge, Chunpo; Yao, Juan; Liu, Yaping; Xie, Huichen; Fang, Jianguo. The article contains the following contents:

Selenium (Se) is an essential micronutrient element, and the biol. significance of Se is predominantly dependent on its incorporation as selenocysteine (Sec), the genetically encoded 21st amino acid in protein synthesis, into the active site of selenoproteins, which have broad functions, ranging from redox regulation and antiinflammation to the production of active thyroid hormones. Compared to its counterpart Cys, there are only limited probes for selective recognition of Sec, and such selectivity is strictly restricted at low pH conditions. The authors reported herein the design, synthesis, and biol. evaluations of a series of potential Sec probes based on the mechanism of nucleophilic aromatic substitution. After the initial screening, the structural determinants for selective recognition of Sec were recapitulated. The follow-up studies identified that probe 19 (Sel-green) responds to Sec and other selenols with >100-fold increase of emission in neutral aqueous solution (pH 7.4), while there is no significant interference from the biol. thiols, amines, or alcs. Sel-green was successfully applied to quantify the Sec content in the selenoenzyme thioredoxin reductase and image endogenous Sec in live HepG2 cells. With the aid of Sel-green, it was further demonstrated that the cytotoxicity of different selenocompounds is correlated to their ability metabolizing to selenols in cells. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, Sel-green is the first selenol probe that works under physiol. conditions. The elucidation of the structure-activity relation for selective recognition of selenols paves the way for further design of novel probes to better understand the pivotal role of Sec as well as selenoproteins in vivo. The results came from multiple reactions, including the reaction of Methyl 4-fluoro-3-nitrobenzoate(cas: 329-59-9Reference of Methyl 4-fluoro-3-nitrobenzoate)

Methyl 4-fluoro-3-nitrobenzoate(cas: 329-59-9) belongs to methyl benzoate. Methyl benzoate reacts at both the ring and the ester, depending on the substrate. Electrophiles attack the ring, illustrated by acid-catalysed nitration with nitric acid to give methyl 3-nitrobenzoate.Reference of Methyl 4-fluoro-3-nitrobenzoate

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Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Name: Ethyl 2-methyl-3-oxobutanoateIn 2021 ,《Calcium-Catalyzed Intramolecular Hydroamination-Deacylation Reaction of in situ formed β-Amino Allenes》 appeared in Advanced Synthesis & Catalysis. The author of the article were Yaragorla, Srinivasarao; Latha, Dandugula Sneha; Rajesh, Pallava. The article conveys some information:

A simple, one-Pot, three-component reaction of tert-propargyl alcs., primary amines and acyl ketones to synthesize fully substituted pyrroles and pyridine derivatives in good to excellent yields with large substrate diversity was developed. An eco-friendly calcium catalyst catalyzed the reaction to form the key intermediate β-amino allene that undergoes subsequent Thorpe-Ingold effect assisted hydroamination and aromaticity driven deacylation reaction to yield fully substituted five and six-membered azacyclic compounds In the part of experimental materials, we found many familiar compounds, such as Ethyl 2-methyl-3-oxobutanoate(cas: 609-14-3Name: Ethyl 2-methyl-3-oxobutanoate)

Ethyl 2-methyl-3-oxobutanoate(cas: 609-14-3) belongs to ketone compounds. They are most widely used as solvents, especially in industries manufacturing explosives, lacquers, paints, and textiles. Ketones are also used in tanning, as preservatives, and in hydraulic fluids.Name: Ethyl 2-methyl-3-oxobutanoate

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

In 2022,Zong, Zezhou; Zhang, Qi; Qiu, Shu-Hai; Wang, Qian; Zhao, Chengxi; Zhao, Cai-Xin; Tian, He; Qu, Da-Hui published an article in Angewandte Chemie, International Edition. The title of the article was 《Dynamic Timing Control over Multicolor Molecular Emission by Temporal Chemical Locking》.Product Details of 6149-41-3 The author mentioned the following in the article:

Dynamic control over mol. emission, especially in a time-dependent manner, holds great promise for the development of smart luminescent materials. Here we report a series of dynamic multicolor fluorescent systems based on the time-encoded locking and unlocking of individual vibrational emissive units. The intramol. cyclization reaction driven by adding chem. fuel acts as a chem. lock to decrease the conformational freedom of the emissive units, thus varying the fluorescence wavelength, while the resulting chem. locked state can be automatically unlocked by the hydrolysis reaction with water mols. The dynamic mol. system can be driven by adding chem. fuels for multiple times. The emission wavelength and lifetime of the locking states can be readily controlled by elaborating the mol. structures, indicating this strategy as a robust and versatile way to modulate multi-color mol. emission in a time-encoded manner. In the experimental materials used by the author, we found Methyl 3-hydroxypropanoate(cas: 6149-41-3Product Details of 6149-41-3)

Methyl 3-hydroxypropanoate(cas: 6149-41-3) belongs to esters with low molecular weight are commonly used as fragrances and found in essential oils and pheromones. Their flexibility and low polarity is manifested in their physical properties; they tend to be less rigid (lower melting point) and more volatile (lower boiling point) than the corresponding amides. Product Details of 6149-41-3

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

In 2022,Tu, Hang-Fei; Jeandin, Alienor; Suero, Marcos G. published an article in Journal of the American Chemical Society. The title of the article was 《Catalytic Synthesis of Cyclopropenium Cations with Rh-Carbynoids》.Computed Properties of C5H11NO2 The author mentioned the following in the article:

Herein, the authors report the first catalytic one-step synthesis of cyclopropenium cations (CPCs) with readily available alkynes and hypervalent iodine reagents as carbyne sources. Key to the process is the catalytic generation of a novel Rh-carbynoid that formally transfers monovalent cationic carbynes (:+C-R) to alkynes via an oxidative [2+1] cycloaddition The authors′ process is able to synthesize a new type of CPC substituted with an ester group that underpins the regioselective attack of a broad range of carbon and heteroat. nucleophiles, thus providing a new platform for the synthesis of valuable cyclopropenes difficult or not possible to make by current methodologies. The experimental process involved the reaction of tert-Butyl carbamate(cas: 4248-19-5Computed Properties of C5H11NO2)

tert-Butyl carbamate(cas: 4248-19-5) belongs to anime. Halogenation, in which one or more hydrogen atoms of an amine is replaced by a halogen atom, occurs with chlorine, bromine, and iodine, as well as with some other reagents, notably hypochlorous acid (HClO). With primary amines the reaction proceeds in two stages, producing N-chloro- and N,N-dichloro-amines, RNHCl and RNCl2, respectively. With tertiary amines, an alkyl group may be displaced by a halogen.Computed Properties of C5H11NO2

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Sun, Qingrong; Wang, Xingyi; Xu, Yinan; Yang, Weiqing; Ma, Menglin published their research in Indian Journal of Heterocyclic Chemistry in 2021. The article was titled 《One-step synthesis of 3-unsubstituted 4-hydroxy-2(1H)-quinoline》.Electric Literature of C8H14O4 The article contains the following contents:

3-Unsubstituted 4-hydroxy-2(1H)-quinolone (DHQ) derivatives were synthesized from aniline derivatives and di-Et malonate at low temperature using AlCl3 as catalyst and Eaton reagent as acidic environment. A reaction mechanism was proposed and elucidated. Different synthetic intermediates were specially prepared or purified and used to understand the reaction and validation mechanism.Diethyl 2-methylmalonate(cas: 609-08-5Electric Literature of C8H14O4) was used in this study.

Diethyl 2-methylmalonate(cas: 609-08-5) belongs to aliphatic hydrocarbons. Aliphatic hydrocarbons belong to the most abundant fraction in crude oil. Aliphatics molecules are linear or branched open-chain structures such as n-alkanes, isoalkanes, cycloalkanes (naphthenes), terpenes and steranes.Electric Literature of C8H14O4

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Petti, Alessia; Fagnan, Corentin; van Melis, Carlo G. W.; Tanbouza, Nour; Garcia, Anthony D.; Mastrodonato, Andrea; Leech, Matthew C.; Goodall, Iain C. A.; Dobbs, Adrian P.; Ollevier, Thierry; Lam, Kevin published their research in Organic Process Research & Development in 2021. The article was titled 《Supporting-Electrolyte-Free Anodic Oxidation of Oxamic Acids into Isocyanates: An Expedient Way to Access Ureas, Carbamates, and Thiocarbamates》.Quality Control of Ethyl oxalyl monochloride The article contains the following contents:

A new electrochem. supporting-electrolyte-free method for synthesizing ureas, carbamates, and thiocarbamates via the oxidation of oxamic acids. Simple, practical, and phosgene-free route includes the generation of an isocyanate intermediate in-situ via anodic decarboxylation of an oxamic acid in the presence of an organic base, followed by the one-pot addition of suitable nucleophiles to afford the corresponding ureas, carbamates, and thiocarbamates. This procedure was applicable to different amines, alcs., and thiols. Furthermore, when single-pass continuous electrochem. flow conditions were used and this reaction were run in a carbon graphite Cgr/Cgr flow cell, urea compounds was obtained in high yields within a residence time of 6 min, unlocking access to substrates that were inaccessible under batch conditions while being easily scalable. The experimental process involved the reaction of Ethyl oxalyl monochloride(cas: 4755-77-5Quality Control of Ethyl oxalyl monochloride)

Ethyl oxalyl monochloride(cas: 4755-77-5) belongs to acyl chlorides. In the laboratory, acyl chlorides are generally prepared by treating carboxylic acids with thionyl chloride (SOCl2). The reaction is catalyzed by dimethylformamide and other additives.Quality Control of Ethyl oxalyl monochloride

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

《Synthesis and bioevaluation of 1-phenylimidazole-4-carboxylic acid derivatives as novel xanthine oxidoreductase inhibitors》 was written by Zhou, Haiyan; Li, Xiaolei; Li, Yuanyuan; Zhu, Xinying; Zhang, Lei; Li, Jing. Reference of Ethyl 2-amino-2-thioxoacetate And the article was included in European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry in 2020. The article conveys some information:

As part of a continuing study, author designed and synthesized four series of 1-phenylimidazole-4-carboxylic acid derivatives as xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) inhibitors, evaluated their in vitro inhibitory potencies against XOR and hypouricemic effects in mice, and determined their structure-activity relationships (SARs). Most of the compounds exhibited in vitro XOR inhibition at the nanomolar level. In comparison to febuxostat (half-maximal inhibitory concentration [IC50] value of 7.0 nM), compounds I (R = (CH2)7) and II (R = 4-tBuC6H4, 4-MeOC6H4, 3-MeOC6H4) exhibited the most promising XOR inhibitory effects with IC50 values of 8.0 and 7.2 nM, resp. In the potassium oxonate/hypoxanthine-induced acute and long-term hyperuricemia mouse models, compounds I (R = (CH2)7) and II (R = 4-tBuC6H4, 4-MeOC6H4, 3-MeOC6H4) displayed significant hypouricemic potencies (P < 0.05), that were slightly weaker than and similar to febuxostat, resp. More interestingly, both compounds showed a capacity to improve kidney damage by decreasing creatinine and urea nitrogen levels compared to the long-term hyperuricemia mouse group (P < 0.05), while febuxostat showed no significant effect.Ethyl 2-amino-2-thioxoacetate(cas: 16982-21-1Reference of Ethyl 2-amino-2-thioxoacetate) was used in this study.

Ethyl 2-amino-2-thioxoacetate(cas: 16982-21-1) belongs to anime. Acylation is one of the most important reactions of primary and secondary amines; a hydrogen atom is replaced by an acyl group (a group derived from an acid, such as RCOOH or RSO3H, by removal of ―OH, such as RC(=O)―, RS(O)2―, and so on). Reagents may be acid chlorides (RCOC1, RSO2C1), anhydrides ((RCO)2O), or even esters (RCOOR′); the products are amides of the corresponding acids.Reference of Ethyl 2-amino-2-thioxoacetate

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

《Synthesis of Axially Chiral Biaryl-2-amines by PdII-Catalyzed Free-Amine-Directed Atroposelective C-H Olefination》 was published in Angewandte Chemie, International Edition in 2020. These research results belong to Zhan, Bei-Bei; Wang, Lei; Luo, Jun; Lin, Xu-Feng; Shi, Bing-Feng. Synthetic Route of C10H10O2 The article mentions the following:

A simple and ubiquitously present group, free amine, is used as a directing group to synthesize axially chiral biaryl compounds by PdII-catalyzed atroposelective C-H olefination. A broad range of axially chiral biaryl-2-amines can be obtained in good yields with high enantioselectivities (up to 97% ee). Chiral spiro phosphoric acid (SPA) proved to be an efficient ligand and the loading could be reduced to 1 mol % without erosion of enantiocontrol in gram-scale synthesis. The resulting axially chiral biaryl-2-amines also provide a platform for the synthesis of a set of chiral ligands.Benzyl acrylate(cas: 2495-35-4Synthetic Route of C10H10O2) was used in this study.

Benzyl acrylate(cas: 2495-35-4) has been used in preparation of high refractive index polyacrylates. Benzyl acrylate is used in the preparation of heptanoic acid benzyl ester. It is used to prepare polybenzylacrylate using azobisisobutyronitrile as initiator.Synthetic Route of C10H10O2

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

《Aryl Amination Using Soluble Weak Base Enabled by a Water-Assisted Mechanism》 was published in Journal of the American Chemical Society in 2020. These research results belong to Lau, Sii Hong; Yu, Peng; Chen, Liye; Madsen-Duggan, Christina B.; Williams, Michael J.; Carrow, Brad P.. Safety of tert-Butyl carbamate The article mentions the following:

The amination of aryl halides has become one of the most commonly practiced C-N bond-forming reactions in pharmaceutical and laboratory syntheses. The widespread use of strong or poorly soluble inorganic bases for amine activation nevertheless complicates the compatibility of this important reaction class with sensitive substrates as well as applications in flow and automated synthesis, to name a few. We report a palladium-catalyzed C-N coupling using Et3N as a weak, soluble base, which allows a broad substrate scope that includes bromo- and chloro(hetero)arenes, primary anilines, secondary amines, and amide type nucleophiles together with tolerance for a range of base-sensitive functional groups. Mechanistic data have established a unique pathway for these reactions in which water serves multiple beneficial roles. In particular, ionization of a neutral catalytic intermediate via halide displacement by H2O generates, after proton loss, a coordinatively unsaturated Pd-OH species that can bind amine substrate triggering intramol. N-H heterolysis. This water-assisted pathway operates efficiently with even weak terminal bases, such as Et3N. The use of a simple, com. available ligand, PAd3, is key to this water-assisted mechanism by promoting coordinative unsaturation in catalytic intermediates responsible for the heterolytic activation of strong element-hydrogen bonds, which enables broad compatibility of carbon-heteroatom cross-coupling reactions with sensitive substrates and functionality. The results came from multiple reactions, including the reaction of tert-Butyl carbamate(cas: 4248-19-5Safety of tert-Butyl carbamate)

tert-Butyl carbamate(cas: 4248-19-5) belongs to anime. Amines characteristically form salts with acids; a hydrogen ion, H+, adds to the nitrogen. With the strong mineral acids (e.g., H2SO4, HNO3, and HCl), the reaction is vigorous. Salt formation is instantly reversed by strong bases such as NaOH. Neutral electrophiles (compounds attracted to regions of negative charge) also react with amines; alkyl halides (R′X) and analogous alkylating agents are important examples of electrophilic reagents.Safety of tert-Butyl carbamate

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics