Tag: 100-200

Palladium-Catalyzed C2-Regioselective Perfluoroalkylation of the Free (NH)-Heteroarenes was written by Qin, Hong;Zhang, Jie;Qiao, Kai;Zhang, Dong;He, Wei;Liu, Chengkou;Fang, Zheng;Guo, Kai. And the article was included in Journal of Organic Chemistry in 2021.Formula: C8H11NO2 This article mentions the following:

A highly regioselective and atom-efficient strategy for the construction of fused free (NH) heteroarenes I (R = 3-Me, 4-Cl, 7-F, etc.) and II (R¹ = 2-C(O)₂Me, 3-C(O)₂Me, 3-C(O)₂Et-4-Me) through a palladium-catalyzed perfluoroalkyl insertion reaction has been accomplished. This protocol employed multiple iodofluoroalkanes R²I [R² = 1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6-undecafluorocyclohexyl, 1,1,2,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropyl, (benzenesulfonyl)difluoromethyl, etc.] as practical and available perfluoroalkyl sources to provide an operationally simple and versatile route for the synthesis of perfluoroalkylated indoles III. Moreover, indoles I without the assistance of guide groups were utilized as substrates, achieving C(sp2)-H site-selective functionalization of indoles I in yields up to 95%. Furthermore, this protocol was also used for late-stage C2 perfluoroalkylation of bioactive compounds such as auxin, tryptophan, and melatonin analogs. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Ethyl 4-methyl-1H-pyrrole-3-carboxylate (cas: 2199-49-7Formula: C8H11NO2).

Ethyl 4-methyl-1H-pyrrole-3-carboxylate (cas: 2199-49-7) belongs to esters. Esters typically have a pleasant smell; those of low molecular weight are commonly used as fragrances and are found in essential oils and pheromones. Many esters have the potential for conformational isomerism, but they tend to adopt an s-cis (or Z) conformation rather than the s-trans (or E) alternative, due to a combination of hyperconjugation and dipole minimization effects. The preference for the Z conformation is influenced by the nature of the substituents and solvent, if present. Lactones with small rings are restricted to the s-trans (i.e. E) conformation due to their cyclic structure.Formula: C8H11NO2

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Amidinyl Radical Formation through Anodic N-H Bond Cleavage and Its Application in Aromatic C-H Bond Functionalization was written by Zhao, Huai-Bo;Hou, Zhong-Wei;Liu, Zhan-Jiang;Zhou, Ze-Feng;Song, Jinshuai;Xu, Hai-Chao. And the article was included in Angewandte Chemie, International Edition in 2017.Reference of 16413-26-6 This article mentions the following:

We report herein an atom-economical and sustainable approach to access amidinyl radical intermediates through the anodic cleavage of N-H bonds. The resulting nitrogen-centered radicals undergo cyclizations with (hetero)arenes, followed by rearomatization, to afford functionalized tetracyclic benzimidazoles, e.g., I (X-rays crystal structure shown), in a highly straightforward and efficient manner. This metal- and reagent-free C-H/N-H cross-coupling reaction exhibits a broad substrate scope and proceeds with high chemoselectivity. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3-Cyanophenylisocyanate (cas: 16413-26-6Reference of 16413-26-6).

3-Cyanophenylisocyanate (cas: 16413-26-6) belongs to esters. Carboxylic acid esters of low molecular weight are colourless, volatile liquids with pleasant odours, slightly soluble in water. Liquid esters of low volatility serve as softening agents for resins and plastics. Esters also include many industrially important polymers. Polymethyl methacrylate is a glass substitute sold under the names Lucite and Plexiglas; polyethylene terephthalate is used as a film (Mylar) and as textile fibres sold as Terylene, Fortrel, and Dacron.Reference of 16413-26-6

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Bioactive compounds extracted by liquid and supercritical carbon dioxide from citrus peels was written by Romano, Raffaele;De Luca, Lucia;Aiello, Alessandra;Rossi, Danilo;Pizzolongo, Fabiana;Masi, Paolo. And the article was included in International Journal of Food Science and Technology in 2022.Category: esters-buliding-blocks This article mentions the following:

This work investigated the extraction of bioactive compounds from citrus peels, an agri-food waste. Carbon dioxide (CO2), an eco-friendly solvent, was used under liquid and supercritical conditions to perform the extractions from orange, tangerine and lemon peels. The possibility of using ethanol as a cosolvent at small percentages up to 20% was also studied. The extraction yield, total polyphenolic content, individual polyphenolic profile, antiradical activity and volatile organic compounds of the extracts were evaluated. The highest yields were obtained when 20% ethanol was used as a cosolvent in both liquid (at 20 MPa and 20°C) and supercritical (at 30 MPa and 60°C) CO2 extraction In addition, the extracts obtained with liquid CO2 + 20% ethanol showed the highest content of naringin (35.26, 44.05 and 19.86 mg g-1 in orange, tangerine and lemon peel extracts, resp.) and terpenes, in particular limonene. This type of extract also showed the highest antiradical activity (31.78-59.51μmolTE g-1) as measured by both ABTS·+ and DPPH·. These findings show that the extraction with a liquid CO2 and ethanol mixture could be a valid alternative to traditional solvent extraction using 80% less organic solvent and producing extracts with high antiradical capacity and rich in volatile organic compounds In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (E)-3,7-Dimethylocta-2,6-dien-1-yl acetate (cas: 105-87-3Category: esters-buliding-blocks).

(E)-3,7-Dimethylocta-2,6-dien-1-yl acetate (cas: 105-87-3) belongs to esters. Volatile esters with characteristic odours are used in synthetic flavours, perfumes, and cosmetics. Certain volatile esters are used as solvents for lacquers, paints, and varnishes. Esterification is the general name for a chemical reaction in which two reactants (typically an alcohol and an acid) form an ester as the reaction product. Esters are common in organic chemistry and biological materials.Category: esters-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Synthesis of substituted 2-alkylquinolines by visible-light photoredox catalysis was written by Mei, Yousheng;Liu, Jie;Wang, Lei;Li, Pinhua. And the article was included in Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry in 2020.Safety of Ethyl 3-amino-4-methylbenzoate This article mentions the following:

The condensation of anilines RNH₂ (R = 2-methyl-4-chlorophenyl, 4-chlorophenyl, 2-methoxyphenyl, etc.) and alkenyl ethers such as ethoxyethene, (E)-1-ethoxyprop-1-ene, (E)-1-ethoxybut-1-ene has been demonstrated by employing visible-light photoredox catalysis. The resulting method enables the synthesis of substituted 2-alkylquinolines I [R¹ = Me, Et, Pr; R² = H, Me, Et; R³ = H, I, Br, etc.; R⁴ = CN, COOMe, Me, etc.; R⁵ = H, Br, Me, etc.], II (R⁶ = H, CF₃, Et, OMe; R⁷ = H, Cl, Br) under mild and simple conditions with good substrate scope and high yields. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Ethyl 3-amino-4-methylbenzoate (cas: 41191-92-8Safety of Ethyl 3-amino-4-methylbenzoate).

Ethyl 3-amino-4-methylbenzoate (cas: 41191-92-8) belongs to esters. Esters perform as high-grade solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers, and are one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market. Polyesters are important plastics, with monomers linked by ester moieties. Esters are more polar than ethers but less polar than alcohols. They participate in hydrogen bonds as hydrogen-bond acceptors, but cannot act as hydrogen-bond donors, unlike their parent alcohols. This ability to participate in hydrogen bonding confers some water-solubility.Safety of Ethyl 3-amino-4-methylbenzoate

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Substituent effects on the McLafferty rearrangement of methyl 4-phenylbutyrates was written by Kingston, David G. I.;Tannenbaum, Harvey P.. And the article was included in Chemical Communications (London) in 1968.Category: esters-buliding-blocks This article mentions the following:

The McLafferty rearrangement of substituted p-RC6H4(CH2)3CO2Me (I) does not obey the standard equation for mass spectrometric reactions, but rather a modified form. The intensity of the radical ion [HOC(:CH2)OMe]· shows a considerable substituent effect based on the fact that substituents alter the relative proportions of mol. ions of I capable of decomposition (with the pos.charge localized on the carbonyl group) and those not capable of decomposition(with the pos. charge delocalized in the aromatic ring). The observed substituent effects are due, therefore, to a combination of a substituent effect on the energy of the transition state leading to the ions formed and a substituent effect on the fraction of mol. ions capable of undergoing rearrangement. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Methyl 4-(4-aminophenyl)butanoate (cas: 20637-09-6Category: esters-buliding-blocks).

Methyl 4-(4-aminophenyl)butanoate (cas: 20637-09-6) belongs to esters. Esters perform as high-grade solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers, and are one of the largest classes of synthetic lubricants on the commercial market. Esterification is the general name for a chemical reaction in which two reactants (typically an alcohol and an acid) form an ester as the reaction product. Esters are common in organic chemistry and biological materials.Category: esters-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Identifying volatile in vitro biomarkers for oral bacteria with proton-transfer-reaction mass spectrometry and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was written by Roslund, Kajsa;Lehto, Markku;Pussinen, Pirkko;Hartonen, Kari;Groop, Per-Henrik;Halonen, Lauri;Metsala, Markus. And the article was included in Scientific Reports in 2021.Category: esters-buliding-blocks This article mentions the following:

We have measured the volatile fingerprints of four pathogenic oral bacteria connected to periodontal disease and dental abscess: Porphyromonas gingivalis (three sep. strains), Prevotella intermedia, Prevotella nigrescens and Tannerella forsythia. Volatile fingerprints were measured in vitro from the headspace gas of the bacteria cultured on agar. Concrete identification of new and previously reported bacterial volatiles were performed by a combination of solid phase microextraction (SPME) and offline gas chromatog.-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). We also studied the effect of the reduced elec. field strength (E/N) on the fragmentation patterns of bacterial volatiles in online proton-transfer-reaction time-of-flight mass spectrometry (PTR-ToF-MS). We aimed to discover possible new biomarkers for the studied oral bacteria, as well as to validate the combination of GC-MS and PTR-MS for volatile anal. Some of the most promising compounds produced include: 1-Methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline (1MeTIQ), indole, and a cascade of sulfur compounds, such as methanethiol, di-Me disulfide (DMDS) and di-Me trisulfide (DMTS). We also found that several compounds, especially alcs., aldehydes and esters, fragment significantly with the PTR-MS method, when high E/N values are used. We conclude that the studied oral bacteria can be separated by their volatile fingerprints in vitro, which could have importance in clin. and laboratory environments. In addition, using softer ionization conditions can improve the performance of the PTR-MS method in the volatile anal. of certain compounds In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Isopentyl 3-methylbutanoate (cas: 659-70-1Category: esters-buliding-blocks).

Isopentyl 3-methylbutanoate (cas: 659-70-1) belongs to esters. Volatile esters with characteristic odours are used in synthetic flavours, perfumes, and cosmetics. Certain volatile esters are used as solvents for lacquers, paints, and varnishes. Esterification is the general name for a chemical reaction in which two reactants (typically an alcohol and an acid) form an ester as the reaction product. Esters are common in organic chemistry and biological materials.Category: esters-buliding-blocks

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Evaluation of Oxidative Stability of Cupcake Oil: Comparison of Antioxidant Properties of Dracocephalum kotschyi Essential Oil versus TBHQ was written by Hematian Sourki, Abdollah;Pasalar, Hanieh;Ghani, Askar. And the article was included in European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology in 2022.Synthetic Route of C12H20O2 This article mentions the following:

Given the phytochem. properties of Dracocephalum kotschyi, this research considers the effects of adding its essential oil to cupcakes and investigation of the its oil oxidative stability. At first D. kotschyi’s essential oil (DKEO) is identified and measured by GC/MS. The results show that the most important components of DKEO are α-pinene (25.50%), geranial (14.01%), limonene (12.39%), and neral (11.07%). Chem. analyses on pH, acidity, peroxide value, p-Anisidine value, and total oxidation value (TOTOX) show that increasing the concentration of DKEO reduces the oxidation rate and increases the oxidative stability of the cupcake’s oil during storage. Sensory evaluation shows that DKEO used concentration does not have favorable effects on some organoleptic properties of cupcakes. Despite the pos. effects of DKEO on maintaining the oxidative stability of cupcake’s oil during baking and storage, lower concentrations of it are recommended, along with combinatory usages of this essential oil with other commonly used essential oils in the confectionery industry (such as cinnamon, ginger, and cardamom essential oils), whereby consumers can be gradually accustomed to new flavors. The present study introduces the Dracocephalum kotschyi as a rich source of antioxidants. In the present study, valuable data are presented to compare the application of natural antioxidants of D. kotschyi vs. a synthetic antioxidant like tert-butylhydroquinone (TBHQ) in a popular product. In addition, D. kotschyi is introduced as a natural antioxidant potential to the oil industry and oil-dependent food industries, which can not only reduce the nutritional risks of synthetic antioxidants, but also increase the marketability of oil-rich food products. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (E)-3,7-Dimethylocta-2,6-dien-1-yl acetate (cas: 105-87-3Synthetic Route of C12H20O2).

(E)-3,7-Dimethylocta-2,6-dien-1-yl acetate (cas: 105-87-3) belongs to esters. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits. Esters contain a carbonyl center, which gives rise to 120° C–C–O and O–C–O angles. Unlike amides, esters are structurally flexible functional groups because rotation about the C–O–C bonds has a low barrier. Their flexibility and low polarity is manifested in their physical properties; they tend to be less rigid (lower melting point) and more volatile (lower boiling point) than the corresponding amides. Synthetic Route of C12H20O2

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Synthesis of methylenecyclobutane analogues of nucleosides with axial chirality and their phosphoralaninates: A new pronucleotide effective against Epstein-Barr virus was written by Wang, Ruifang;Kern, Earl R.;Zemlicka, Jiri. And the article was included in Antiviral Chemistry & Chemotherapy in 2002.COA of Formula: C8H14O4 This article mentions the following:

Methylenecyclobutane analogs of 2′-deoxyadenosine, 2′-deoxyguanosine and 2′-deoxycytidine, and the corresponding phosphoralaninate pronucleotides comprising adenine and guanine bases, were synthesized as potential antiviral agents. Phosphoralaninate of adenine methylenecyclobutane was a potent inhibitor of replication of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in Daudi cell culture. Phosphoralaninate of guanine analog was inactive but both pronucleotides were substrates for porcine liver esterase. Adenine methylenecyclobutane analog was deaminated by adenosine deaminase. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Methyl 3,3-dimethoxycyclobutanecarboxylate (cas: 98231-07-3COA of Formula: C8H14O4).

Methyl 3,3-dimethoxycyclobutanecarboxylate (cas: 98231-07-3) belongs to esters. Volatile esters with characteristic odours are used in synthetic flavours, perfumes, and cosmetics. Certain volatile esters are used as solvents for lacquers, paints, and varnishes. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides alcoholysis is another way to produce esters. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with alcohols to produce esters. Anydrous conditions are recommended since both acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with water.COA of Formula: C8H14O4

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Convenient synthesis of 5-arylidene-2-imino-4-thiazolidinone derivatives using microwave irradiation was written by Sarkis, Manal;Tran, Diem-Ngan;Dasso Lang, Maria Chiara;Garbay, Christiane;Braud, Emmanuelle. And the article was included in Synlett in 2014.Quality Control of 4-Fluorobenzylisothiocyanate This article mentions the following:

A concise approach for the preparation of 5-arylidene-2-imino-4-thiazolidinone derivatives, e.g., I, is described. Structurally diverse amines, isothiocyanates, aldehydes, and chloroacetyl chloride were combined under microwave irradiation to afford new 5-arylidene-2-imino-4-thiazolidinone derivatives The one-pot synthesis involves the in situ formation of a thiourea followed by reaction with chloroacetyl chloride and an aldehyde to generate the target compounds In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4-Fluorobenzylisothiocyanate (cas: 2740-88-7Quality Control of 4-Fluorobenzylisothiocyanate).

4-Fluorobenzylisothiocyanate (cas: 2740-88-7) belongs to esters. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits. Many esters have the potential for conformational isomerism, but they tend to adopt an s-cis (or Z) conformation rather than the s-trans (or E) alternative, due to a combination of hyperconjugation and dipole minimization effects. The preference for the Z conformation is influenced by the nature of the substituents and solvent, if present. Lactones with small rings are restricted to the s-trans (i.e. E) conformation due to their cyclic structure.Quality Control of 4-Fluorobenzylisothiocyanate

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics

Machine learning-based prediction of toxicity of organic compounds towards fathead minnow was written by Chen, Xingmei;Dang, Limin;Yang, Hai;Huang, Xianwei;Yu, Xinliang. And the article was included in RSC Advances in 2020.Application In Synthesis of Ethyl 2-hydroxybenzoate This article mentions the following:

Predicting the acute toxicity of a large dataset of diverse chems. against fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) is challenging. In this paper, 963 organic compounds with acute toxicity towards fathead minnows were split into a training set (482 compounds) and a test set (481 compounds) with an approx. ratio of 1 : 1. Only six mol. descriptors were used to establish the quant. structure-activity/toxicity relationship (QSAR/QSTR) model for 96 h pLC₅₀ through a support vector machine (SVM) along with genetic algorithm. The optimal SVM model (R² = 0.756) was verified using both internal (leave-one-out cross-validation) and external validations. The validation results (q_int² = 0.699 and q_ext² = 0.744) were satisfactory in predicting acute toxicity in fathead minnows compared with other models reported in the literature, although our SVM model has only six mol. descriptors and a large data set for the test set consisting of 481 compounds In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Ethyl 2-hydroxybenzoate (cas: 118-61-6Application In Synthesis of Ethyl 2-hydroxybenzoate).

Ethyl 2-hydroxybenzoate (cas: 118-61-6) belongs to esters. Esters are widespread in nature and are widely used in industry. In nature, fats are in general triesters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Esters are responsible for the aroma of many fruits. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides alcoholysis is another way to produce esters. Acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with alcohols to produce esters. Anydrous conditions are recommended since both acyl chlorides and acid anhydrides react with water.Application In Synthesis of Ethyl 2-hydroxybenzoate

Referemce:
Ester – Wikipedia,
Ester – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics